List of aircraft braking systems, Aircraft bridge, Aircraft cabin

Jerin tsarin taka birki Tsarin birki na jirgin sama sun hada da: Birki na birki a cikin kayan saukar jirgi , ana amfani da shi wajen taka ƙafafun yayin taɓa ƙasa. Ana yin waɗannan birkunan ta iska ko kuma na iska. A mafi yawan jiragen sama na zamani ana kunna su ta ɓangaren sama na rudder pedal. A cikin wasu tsofaffin jiragen sama ana amfani da ɓangaren ƙasa maimakon. Ana amfani da levers a cikin aircraftan jiragen sama. Yawancin jirgi suna da ikon taka birki daban-daban. Rustarfafawa da juyawa , wanda ke ba da izini daga injina don amfani da shi don rage jinkirin jirgin. Birki na iska , ɗakunan aikin kula da jirgin sama waɗanda ke aiki ta ƙara ja. Manyan parachut ɗin jirgin ruwa , waɗanda tsoffin sojoji na yanzu da na yanzu da na farar hula suka yi amfani da shi kuma a cikin Jirgin Saman Sararin Samaniya.
Gada jirgin sama: Aircraft gadoji, ciki har da taxiway gadoji da kuma titin jiragen sama gadoji, kawo jirgin sama zirga-zirga a kan motorways, Railways, kuma waterways, kuma dole ne a tsara don tallafawa heaviest jirgin sama cewa ya ƙetaro su. A shekarar 1963, an shirya wata gada da ke tashar jirgin saman Chicago O'Hare, daya daga cikin filayen tashi da saukar jiragen sama mafi girma a duniya, don ta kula da jiragen da za su zo nan gaba da nauyinsu ya kai fam 365,000 (166,000 kg), amma nauyin jirgin sama ya ninka har sau biyu cikin shekaru biyu da fara aikin. A halin yanzu, mafi girman jirgin saman fasinja a duniya, Airbus A380, yana da matsakaicin nauyin tashi (MTOW) na 575 t (1,268,000 lb). Manyan jiragen saman Boeing, watau nau'ikan "Project Ozark" na yanzu na Boeing 747-8, suna gab da MTOW na sama da 1,000,000 lb (450,000 kg). Dole ne a tsara gadoji na jirgin sama don ƙarfin ƙarfin yin amfani da birki na jirgin sama, wanda ke shafar ɗaukar ta kai tsaye a cikin ƙirar tsari. Ana ɗaukar ƙarfin birki na kashi 70 cikin ɗari na rayayyar rayuwa a cikin zane-zanen gada biyu na kwanan nan. Kuma "ƙirar shimfiɗa ta fi dacewa da za a sarrafa ta da dusar ƙanƙara fiye da lanƙwasawa saboda nauyin manyan dabbobin."
Jirgin jirgin sama: Gidan jirgin sama shine ɓangaren jirgin sama wanda fasinjoji ke tafiya a ciki. Yawancin jirgi na kasuwanci na zamani suna cikin matsi, saboda tsawan hawa suna da yawa sosai ta yadda yanayin da ke kewaye yayi ƙaranci ga fasinjoji da matukan jirgin.
Sake kamannin jirgin sama: Sake kamun kafa na jirgin sama shine amfani da kamanni a jirgin sama na soja don sanya su wahalar gani, walau a kasa ko a sama. Idan aka ba da damar bango da yanayin haske, babu wani makirci guda da ke aiki a cikin kowane yanayi. Hanya ta yau da kullun ta kasance wani nau'i na sake nunawa, ana fentin jirgin sama a cikin tsarin rikicewar launukan ƙasa kamar kore da launin ruwan kasa a sama, launuka na sama a ƙasa. Don jirgin sama mai saurin tashi da sauri, wasu lokuta ana amfani da launuka a ko'ina, yayin da jirage masu saukar ungulu da na sama wadanda aka yi amfani da su kusa da kasa galibi ana zana su gaba daya a kamannin kasa. Jirgin sama da ke tashi da daddare galibi ana yi masa fenti ne baƙar fata, amma wannan a zahiri ya sa su zama kamar sun fi duhun dare duhu, wanda ke haifar da makircin kamfe na dare. Akwai cinikayya tsakanin sake kamanni da alamun gane jirgin sama, da tsakanin sake kamanni da nauyi. Dangane da haka, an ba da kamannin haske mai haske lokacin da ba a yi barazanar fifikon iska ba ko kuma lokacin da ba a yi tsammanin hamayyar iska mai ƙarfi ba.
Sake kamannin jirgin sama: Sake kamun kafa na jirgin sama shine amfani da kamanni a jirgin sama na soja don sanya su wahalar gani, walau a kasa ko a sama. Idan aka ba da damar bango da yanayin haske, babu wani makirci guda da ke aiki a cikin kowane yanayi. Hanya ta yau da kullun ta kasance wani nau'i na sake nunawa, ana fentin jirgin sama a cikin tsarin rikicewar launukan ƙasa kamar kore da launin ruwan kasa a sama, launuka na sama a ƙasa. Don jirgin sama mai saurin tashi da sauri, wasu lokuta ana amfani da launuka a ko'ina, yayin da jirage masu saukar ungulu da na sama wadanda aka yi amfani da su kusa da kasa galibi ana zana su gaba daya a kamannin kasa. Jirgin sama da ke tashi da daddare galibi ana yi masa fenti ne baƙar fata, amma wannan a zahiri ya sa su zama kamar sun fi duhun dare duhu, wanda ke haifar da makircin kamfe na dare. Akwai cinikayya tsakanin sake kamanni da alamun gane jirgin sama, da tsakanin sake kamanni da nauyi. Dangane da haka, an ba da kamannin haske mai haske lokacin da ba a yi barazanar fifikon iska ba ko kuma lokacin da ba a yi tsammanin hamayyar iska mai ƙarfi ba.
Igwa: Wata igwa babbar bindiga ce wacce aka keɓance a matsayin nau'in bindigogi, kuma galibi yana ƙaddamar da aiki ta hanyar amfani da abubuwan fashewar sinadarai. A da, bakin bindiga ya kasance mai tallata kamfani kafin kirkirar foda mara hayaki yayin karshen karni na 19. Cannons sun bambanta a ma'auni, tasiri mai tasiri, motsi, ƙimar wuta, kusurwar wuta da ƙarfin wuta; nau'ikan daban-daban na igwa suna haɗuwa da daidaita waɗannan halayen a cikin digiri daban-daban, dangane da abin da aka nufa da su a fagen fama.
Jirgin jirgin sama: Ginin jirgin sama shine shimfidar fili a saman akwatin wasu nau'ikan jirgin. Ruwan jirgin sama yana ba da yanayi mai sarrafawa da kuma wani lokacin matsin lamba ga mazaunan jirgin, kuma yana ba da damar babban filin kallo a kan jirgin jirgin gargajiya. Siffar alfarwa ita ce sasantawar da aka tsara don ta rage jan iska, yayin da ake kara gani da kyau ga matukan jirgi da sauran abokan aiki.
Jirgin sama dako: Mai ɗaukar jirgin sama jirgin ruwa ne wanda yake aiki azaman tashar jirgin ruwa na teku, sanye take da madaidaiciyar shimfidar jirgin sama da kayan aiki don ɗauka, makamai, turawa, da kuma dawo da jirgin sama. Yawanci, shine babban jirgi na jirgi, saboda yana bawa sojojin ruwa damar aiwatar da ikon iska a duk duniya ba tare da dogaro da sansanonin gida don tsara ayyukan jirgin ba. Masu jigilar kayayyaki sun samo asali ne tun daga farkonsu a farkon karni na ashirin daga jiragen ruwa na katako wadanda ake amfani da su wajen sanya balan-balan zuwa jiragen ruwan yakin nukiliya wadanda ke dauke da mayaka da yawa, yajin jirgin sama, jirage masu saukar ungulu, da sauran nau'ikan jirgin. Duk da yake an fara harbo jiragen sama masu nauyi irin su bindigogi masu karko da bama-bamai daga masu dauke da jiragen, a halin yanzu ba zai yiwu a saukar da su ba. Ta hanyar diflomasiyya da karfin dabaru, motsin ta, ikon cin gashin kanta da ire-iren hanyoyin sa, jigilar jiragen sama galibi ita ce cibiyar jiragen yakin zamani. Cikin dabara ko ma ta dabara, ya maye gurbin jirgin ruwan a cikin rawar jirgin ruwa. Ofaya daga cikin mahimman fa'idojin sa shine, ta hanyar yin tafiya a cikin ruwan duniya, ba ya tsoma baki tare da duk wani ikon mallakar ƙasa kuma hakan yana hana buƙatun izini daga ƙasashe na ɓangare na uku, rage lokutan da nisan jirgin sama don haka yana ƙaruwa sosai na kasancewa a yankin yaƙi.
Kamfanin jirgin saman Faransa Charles de Gaulle: Charles de Gaulle shine taken jirgin ruwan Sojan Ruwa na Faransa. Jirgin shine mai ɗaukar jirgin saman Faransa na goma, jirgi na farko mai amfani da makaman nukiliya a Faransa, kuma shi kaɗai mai jigilar makamashin nukiliya da aka kammala a wajen ofasashen Navy na Amurka. An sanya mata suna ne daga sanannen ɗan Faransa kuma janar Charles de Gaulle.
Jirgin saman Soviet Soviet Kiev: Kiev jirgin sama ne wanda ya yiwa Sojan ruwan Soviet da Navy na Rasha aiki daga shekarar 1975 zuwa 1993. An gina shi ne tsakanin shekarar 1970 zuwa 1975 a masana'antar Chernomorski da ke Mykolaiv kuma shi ne jirgin Kiev -class na farko da aka fara ginawa. A halin yanzu yana daga cikin filin shakatawa a kasar Sin.
Kamfanin jirgin saman kasar Sin Liaoning: Liaoning mai dauke da Jirgin Sama ne mai lamba 001 na kasar Sin. Jirgin saman jirgi na farko da aka sanya shi cikin faceungiyar Sojojin Ruwa na Liberationan Sojan Sama, an kirkireshi tun asali azaman jirgin horo, da nufin bawa toan Ruwa damar yin gwaji, horo da samun masaniya da ayyukan jigilar jiragen sama. Bayan haɓakawa da ƙarin horo a ƙarshen 2018, kafofin watsa labarai na ƙasar Sin sun ba da sanarwar cewa jirgin zai koma matsayin faɗa a cikin 2019.
Kamfanin jirgin saman Brazil mai suna Minas Gerais: NAeL Minas Gerais wani jirgin saman Colossus -class ne wanda Marinha do Brasil ke sarrafawa daga 1960 har zuwa 2001. An shimfida jirgin ne domin Royal Navy na kasar Burtaniya a lokacin yakin duniya na biyu a matsayin HMS Fansa , amma an kammala shi jim kadan kafin yakin ya kare, kuma bai ga faɗa ba. Bayan aiki a matsayin jirgin ruwa na horo da jirgin bincike na Arctic, an ba da jigilar jigilar jigilar ga Royal Australian Navy daga 1952 zuwa 1955. An mayar da ita ga Burtaniya, wanda ya sayar da ita ga Brazil a 1956.
HMS Hamisa (R12): HMS Hamisa babban jirgin sama ne na Biritaniya kuma shine na ƙarshe na ajin Centaur .
Rierungiyar jigilar dako: Rukuni na ƙungiyar jigilar dako ( CVBG ) jirgin ruwa ne na ruwa wanda ya ƙunshi babban jirgi mai jigilar jigilar jirgi da yawan rakiyarta, tare da bayyana rukuni.
Rierungiyar jigilar dako: Rukuni na ƙungiyar jigilar dako ( CVBG ) jirgin ruwa ne na ruwa wanda ya ƙunshi babban jirgi mai jigilar jigilar jirgi da yawan rakiyarta, tare da bayyana rukuni.
Ayyuka na jigilar jiragen sama yayin Yaƙin Duniya na II: Duba kuma wasu labaran a cikin wannan jerin: Ayyuka masu ɗaukar jirgin saman gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Atlantic a lokacin Yaƙin Duniya na II Ayyuka masu ɗaukar jirgin saman Pacific Theater a lokacin Yaƙin Duniya na II Jirgin sama mai jigilar kaya da aka yi amfani dashi lokacin yakin duniya na II Tsara da kuma iyawar masu jigilar jiragen sama yayin yakin duniya na II Lissafin jigilar jiragen sama suna aiki yayin Yaƙin Duniya na II Lissafin ayyukan jigilar jiragen sama yayin yakin duniya na II
Lokaci don sabis na jigilar jirgin sama: Masu jigilar jiragen sama sun samo asalinsu ne a zamanin yakin duniya na 1. Farkon gwaje-gwajen da aka yi sun kunshi dace da dandamali na "tashi sama" na wucin gadi zuwa ga rundunonin jiragen yaki na kasashe da yawa, musamman Amurka da Ingila. Jirgi na farko da aka gyara tare da tashar jirgi ta dindindin shi ne jirgin yaƙi mai suna HMS Furious , wanda da farko yana da tudu guda mai tashi sama na asalin asalin. Daga baya, an yi mata kwaskwarima tare da filin "sauka a" kan keɓaɓɓen bayanta kuma daga baya ta kasance tare da cikakkiyar taya. Sauran jiragen ruwa, galibi masu yin layi, an canza su don samun cikakkun jiragen saman tashi, HMS Argus shine farkon wanda aka fara irin wannan gyaran. Waɗannan matakai na farko da suka ɓace ba su ba da alamar yadda ainihin jigilar jirgin sama ya kasance ya kasance ba. A tsakanin shekarun yakin, Japan, Ingila da Amurka sun kera manyan jiragen ruwa masu jigilar kaya ta yadda a farkon yakin duniya na biyu, suna da masu jigilar 18 a tsakaninsu. Yakin Taranto na 1940 da Hari a 1941 a kan Pearl Harbor a baya ya nuna wa duniya cewa mai ɗaukar jirgin ya kasance mafi mahimmin jirgi a cikin rukunin zamani. A yau, masu jigilar jiragen sama sune manyan jiragen ruwa na sojojin ruwan da suke aiki a ciki, kuma a halin da ake ciki na "supercarriers" na Amurka, suna shiga ƙungiyar iska wacce ta kasance ƙaramar rundunar iska.
Salon Gangnam: " Gangnam Style " waƙa ce ta mawaƙin Koriya ta Kudu Psy, wanda aka saki a ranar 15 ga Yuli, 2012, ta YG Entertainment a matsayin jagorar waƙoƙin faifan saiti na shida, Psy 6, Kashi na 1 . Waƙar K-pop da raye-raye-raye, kalmar "salon Gangnam" salon neologism ne na Koriya wanda ke nufin salon rayuwa da ke hade da Gangnam District na Seoul. Waƙar ta sami ra'ayoyi daban-daban, tare da yabo don kidan da take da shi da kuma rawar ban dariya na Psy a cikin bidiyon kiɗan kuma yayin wasan kwaikwayon kai tsaye a wurare daban-daban a duniya.
Hasken wutar lantarki da jirgin ruwa na ruwa na almara na birni: Hasken wutar lantarki da jirgin ruwan ruwa na almara na birni ya bayyana gamuwa tsakanin babban jirgin ruwan ruwa da abin da da farko ya zama wani jirgi ne, wanda jirgin ke kan hanyar karo. Jirgin ruwan, wanda galibi ana kiransa na Navy na Amurka ko Royal Navy kuma gabaɗaya ana bayyana shi azaman jirgin yaƙi ko jigilar jirgin sama, yana buƙatar ɗayan jirgin ya canza hanya. Partyayan ɓangaren ya amsa cewa ya kamata jirgin ruwan ya canza hanya, inda kyaftin ɗin jirgin ruwan ya sake maimaita bukatar, yana mai bayyana kansa da jirgin da yake ba da umarni kuma wani lokacin yana yin barazana. Wannan yana haifar da amsar da aka lasafta ta " Ni hasumiya mai haske. Kiran ku ", naushi wanda ya zama gajera ga dukkan labarin.
Jirgin sama dako: Mai ɗaukar jirgin sama jirgin ruwa ne wanda yake aiki azaman tashar jirgin ruwa na teku, sanye take da madaidaiciyar shimfidar jirgin sama da kayan aiki don ɗauka, makamai, turawa, da kuma dawo da jirgin sama. Yawanci, shine babban jirgi na jirgi, saboda yana bawa sojojin ruwa damar aiwatar da ikon iska a duk duniya ba tare da dogaro da sansanonin gida don tsara ayyukan jirgin ba. Masu jigilar kayayyaki sun samo asali ne tun daga farkonsu a farkon karni na ashirin daga jiragen ruwa na katako wadanda ake amfani da su wajen sanya balan-balan zuwa jiragen ruwan yakin nukiliya wadanda ke dauke da mayaka da yawa, yajin jirgin sama, jirage masu saukar ungulu, da sauran nau'ikan jirgin. Duk da yake an fara harbo jiragen sama masu nauyi irin su bindigogi masu karko da bama-bamai daga masu dauke da jiragen, a halin yanzu ba zai yiwu a saukar da su ba. Ta hanyar diflomasiyya da karfin dabaru, motsin ta, ikon cin gashin kanta da ire-iren hanyoyin sa, jigilar jiragen sama galibi ita ce cibiyar jiragen yakin zamani. Cikin dabara ko ma ta dabara, ya maye gurbin jirgin ruwan a cikin rawar jirgin ruwa. Ofaya daga cikin mahimman fa'idojin sa shine, ta hanyar yin tafiya a cikin ruwan duniya, ba ya tsoma baki tare da duk wani ikon mallakar ƙasa kuma hakan yana hana buƙatun izini daga ƙasashe na ɓangare na uku, rage lokutan da nisan jirgin sama don haka yana ƙaruwa sosai na kasancewa a yankin yaƙi.
Jerin masu jigilar jiragen sama a cikin sabis: Wannan jerin masu jigilar jiragen sama ne wadanda a halin yanzu suke kan aiki, karkashin kulawa ko gyarawa, a ajiye, karkashin gini, ko kuma ana sabunta su. Mai ɗaukar jirgin sama jirgin ruwa ne mai ɗauke da dogayen jirgin sama, rataya da kayan aiki don ɗamara, turawa, da dawo da jirgin sama. Jerin kawai yana nufin matsayin jirgin, ba kasancewa ko yanayin fukafukan iska ba. Wannan ya hada da masu daukar jiragen sama masu saukar ungulu da kuma manyan jiragen ruwa masu kai hare-hare, idan babban manufar jirgin shi ne daukar, hannu, turawa, da kuma dawo da jirgin sama.
Tarihin jirgin ruwan Australiya: Hannun farko da Ostiraliya ta kasance tare da jirgin ruwan sojan ruwa ya kasance a cikin 1911, lokacin da wani hafsan Royal Navy haifaffen Australiya ya zama ɗayan hafsoshin sojan ruwa huɗu na farko da suka karɓi cancantar matuƙin jirgin sama. A lokacin Yaƙin Duniya na ɗaya, Rundunar Sojan Ruwa ta Australiya (RAN) ta sami nau'ikan aiki na iska, tare da HMAS Brisbane da ke aiki da jirgi, yayin da HMA Ships Sydney da Ostiraliya aka yi amfani da su don gwaji tare da dandamali na ƙaddamar da jirgin sama. Wani jirgin sama da ya hau kan Sydney shima ya shiga cikin ɗayan yaƙe-yaƙe na iska na farko. Da yawa daga Australiya suma sun tashi a matsayin wani ɓangare na Royal Naval Air Service.
Tarihin jirgin ruwan Australiya: Hannun farko da Ostiraliya ta kasance tare da jirgin ruwan sojan ruwa ya kasance a cikin 1911, lokacin da wani hafsan Royal Navy haifaffen Australiya ya zama ɗayan hafsoshin sojan ruwa huɗu na farko da suka karɓi cancantar matuƙin jirgin sama. A lokacin Yaƙin Duniya na ɗaya, Rundunar Sojan Ruwa ta Australiya (RAN) ta sami nau'ikan aiki na iska, tare da HMAS Brisbane da ke aiki da jirgi, yayin da HMA Ships Sydney da Ostiraliya aka yi amfani da su don gwaji tare da dandamali na ƙaddamar da jirgin sama. Wani jirgin sama da ya hau kan Sydney shima ya shiga cikin ɗayan yaƙe-yaƙe na iska na farko. Da yawa daga Australiya suma sun tashi a matsayin wani ɓangare na Royal Naval Air Service.
Jerin masu jigilar jiragen sama na Royal Navy: Mai zuwa jerin masu jigilar jiragen sama na Royal Navy na Burtaniya .
Tarihin jirgin ruwan Australiya: Hannun farko da Ostiraliya ta kasance tare da jirgin ruwan sojan ruwa ya kasance a cikin 1911, lokacin da wani hafsan Royal Navy haifaffen Australiya ya zama ɗayan hafsoshin sojan ruwa huɗu na farko da suka karɓi cancantar matuƙin jirgin sama. A lokacin Yaƙin Duniya na ɗaya, Rundunar Sojan Ruwa ta Australiya (RAN) ta sami nau'ikan aiki na iska, tare da HMAS Brisbane da ke aiki da jirgi, yayin da HMA Ships Sydney da Ostiraliya aka yi amfani da su don gwaji tare da dandamali na ƙaddamar da jirgin sama. Wani jirgin sama da ya hau kan Sydney shima ya shiga cikin ɗayan yaƙe-yaƙe na iska na farko. Da yawa daga Australiya suma sun tashi a matsayin wani ɓangare na Royal Naval Air Service.
Jerin masu jigilar jiragen sama a cikin sabis: Wannan jerin masu jigilar jiragen sama ne wadanda a halin yanzu suke kan aiki, karkashin kulawa ko gyarawa, a ajiye, karkashin gini, ko kuma ana sabunta su. Mai ɗaukar jirgin sama jirgin ruwa ne mai ɗauke da dogayen jirgin sama, rataya da kayan aiki don ɗamara, turawa, da dawo da jirgin sama. Jerin kawai yana nufin matsayin jirgin, ba kasancewa ko yanayin fukafukan iska ba. Wannan ya hada da masu daukar jiragen sama masu saukar ungulu da kuma manyan jiragen ruwa masu kai hare-hare, idan babban manufar jirgin shi ne daukar, hannu, turawa, da kuma dawo da jirgin sama.
Jirgin saman jirgin sama: Catapult na jirgin sama wani kayan aiki ne da ake amfani dashi don bawa jirgin damar tashi daga iyakantaccen fili, kamar jirgin jirgi, amma kuma an shigar da titin jirgin ƙasa a wasu lokuta. Yanzu ana amfani dashi mafi yawa a kan jigilar jiragen sama, azaman wani nau'i na taimakon taimako.
Jirgin jirgin sama: Kogon jirgin sama , wani kalma ce ta kalmar Jamusanci Flugzeugkaverne , shinge ne na cikin ƙasa tare da wasu waɗanda Airungiyar Sojan Sama ta Switzerland ke amfani da shi.
Jirgin sama na jirgin sama: Makabartar jirgin sama ko makabartar jirgin sama wuri ne na ajiyar jiragen da suka yi ritaya daga aiki. Yawancin jirgi a farfajiyar kashi ko dai ana ajiye su don adanawa tare da wasu gyare-gyare ko cire sassan su don sake amfani dasu ko sake siyarwa sannan kuma a tsabtace su. Gine-ginen katanga gabaɗaya suna cikin hamada, kamar waɗanda suke a Kudu maso Yammacin Amurka, tun da yanayin bushe yana rage lalata kuma ƙasa mai wuya ba ta buƙatar shimfiɗa. Rukuni na 309 na Kulawa da Sabunta Aerospace a Tucson, Arizona, babban kayan aiki irinsa, ana kiransa da suna "The Boneyard".
Yarjejeniyar iska: Yarjejeniyar jirgin shine kasuwancin yin hayar jirgi gaba daya sabanin daidaikun kujerun jirgin sama.
Hanyar ACN-PCN: Lambar rarrabuwa da Jirgin Sama (ACN) - Hanyar rarrabata Pavement (PCN) hanya ce ta daidaitaccen tsarin kimanta filin jirgin saman da ICAO ta gabatar a cikin 1981. Hanyar ita ce hukuma ta ƙididdigar ƙirar ICAO don shimfidar da aka yi niyya don jirgin saman gaba (ramp) yawan da ya wuce kilogiram 5700 daga 1981 zuwa 2020.
Akwatin gawa Filin jirgin sama ko jirgin sama yanki ne, galibi kusa da gaban jirgin sama ko kumbon sama jannati, wanda daga shi ne matukin jirgi ke sarrafa jirgin.
Tsarin gujewa haɗarin iska: Wani tsarin kaucewa haduwar iska yana aiki ne ba tare da kayan aikin kasa ba da kuma kula da zirga-zirgar jiragen sama a cikin direbobin gargadi game da kasancewar wasu jiragen da zasu iya kawo barazanar haduwa. Idan haɗarin haɗuwa ya kasance sananne, tsarin yana ƙaddamar da motsi wanda zai rage haɗarin haɗuwa. Matsayi na ACAS da ayyukan da aka ba da shawarar an fi bayyana su a cikin ƙarin 10, juzu'i na IV, na Yarjejeniyar kan Jirgin Sama na Duniya. Mafi yawan fasahar da ake amfani da ita a bangaren soja da na jirgi a yau NASA da sauran abokan tarayya suna ci gaba da bunkasa tun daga 1980s.
Tsarin gujewa haɗarin iska: Wani tsarin kaucewa haduwar iska yana aiki ne ba tare da kayan aikin kasa ba da kuma kula da zirga-zirgar jiragen sama a cikin direbobin gargadi game da kasancewar wasu jiragen da zasu iya kawo barazanar haduwa. Idan haɗarin haɗuwa ya kasance sananne, tsarin yana ƙaddamar da motsi wanda zai rage haɗarin haɗuwa. Matsayi na ACAS da ayyukan da aka ba da shawarar an fi bayyana su a cikin ƙarin 10, juzu'i na IV, na Yarjejeniyar kan Jirgin Sama na Duniya. Mafi yawan fasahar da ake amfani da ita a bangaren soja da na jirgi a yau NASA da sauran abokan tarayya suna ci gaba da bunkasa tun daga 1980s.
Kwamanda: Kwamanda babban jami'in sojan ruwa ne. Hakanan ana amfani da kwamanda azaman matsayi ko take a cikin wasu ƙungiyoyi na yau da kullun, gami da 'yan sanda da yawa. A cikin ƙasashe da yawa ana kiran wannan matsayin sojan ruwa.
ACARS: A cikin jirgin sama, ACARS tsarin datalink ne na zamani don watsa gajerun sakonni tsakanin jiragen sama da tashoshin kasa ta hanyar rediyon iska ko tauraron dan adam. Kamfanin ARINC ne ya tsara yarjejeniyar kuma aka tura shi a cikin 1978, ta amfani da tsarin Telex. SITA ta ƙara ƙarin gidajen rediyo na ACARS.
Jirgin komputa ya juya: A cikin jirgin sama, juzuwar kompas na jirgi juyi ne a cikin jirgi ta amfani da matattarar maganadisu kawai don jagora.
Tsarin kula da jirgin sama na jirgin sama: Tsarin kula da jirgin sama na yau da kullun wanda ya kunshi fuskokin sarrafa jirgin, abubuwan sarrafa matuka, hanyoyin hada abubuwa, da kuma hanyoyin da ake bukata don sarrafa alkiblar jirgin sama. Hakanan ana la'akari da sarrafa injunan jirgin sama azaman sarrafa jirgi yayin da suke canza saurin.
Yankunan kula da jirgin sama: Yankunan sarrafa jirgin saman jiragen sama na'urori ne wadanda zasu baiwa matukin jirgi damar daidaitawa da kuma kula da halayyar jirgin.
Haɗarin jirgin sama da abubuwan da suka faru: Yarjejeniyar kan zirga-zirgar jiragen sama ta Duniya an bayyana haɗarin jirgin sama na Annex 13 a matsayin abin da ke haɗuwa da aikin jirgin sama, wanda ke faruwa daga lokacin da kowane mutum ya hau jirgi da niyyar tashi har sai duk waɗannan mutane sun sauka, kuma a wanda a) mutum ya sami rauni ko rauni mai tsanani, b) jirgin saman ya sami rauni mai yawa ko lalacewar tsarinsa, ko c) jirgin ya ɓace ko ya zama ba a iya shigarsa gaba ɗaya. Rataye na 13 yana ayyana lamarin jirgin sama a matsayin abin da ya faru, banda haɗari, haɗi da aikin jirgin sama wanda ke shafar ko zai iya shafar amincin aiki.
Jirgin saman jirgin sama: Jirgin jirgi jirgin ruwa ne na yaki wanda ya hada fasalin mai dauke da jirgin da kuma jirgin ruwan saman kamar jirgin ruwa ko na yaki.
Lalacewar jirgin sama: Ana yin amfani da jirgin ƙasa ne ta hanyar kasuwanci da jirgin sama gaba ɗaya. A ruwaye amfani a cikin wannan aiki, an kira deicing ko anti-icing ruwaye. Ana amfani da alamun farko ADF, ADAF ko AAF.
Tsarin jirgin sama: Tsarin jirgin sama na iya komawa zuwa: Tsarin jirgin sama kamar yadda aka bayyana ta takaddar ma'anar fassara: Nau'in takardar shaida, don bokan jirgin sama Takardar shaidar Airworthiness, takaddar doka Standard Airworthiness Certificate, don ingantaccen jirgin sama Takaddun Shaida na Airworthiness na Musamman, don nau'ikan jirgin sama marasa tabbaci Tsarin ƙirar jirgin sama, hanyar ƙirƙirar ƙirar jirgin mutum Shirye-shiryen jirgin sama, masana'antar kera jirgin sama da kamfanin kera masana'antu a Monterey, California, Amurka
Tsarin jirgin sama: Tsarin jirgin sama na iya komawa zuwa: Tsarin jirgin sama kamar yadda aka bayyana ta takaddar ma'anar fassara: Nau'in takardar shaida, don bokan jirgin sama Takardar shaidar Airworthiness, takaddar doka Standard Airworthiness Certificate, don ingantaccen jirgin sama Takaddun Shaida na Airworthiness na Musamman, don nau'ikan jirgin sama marasa tabbaci Tsarin ƙirar jirgin sama, hanyar ƙirƙirar ƙirar jirgin mutum Shirye-shiryen jirgin sama, masana'antar kera jirgin sama da kamfanin kera masana'antu a Monterey, California, Amurka
Injiniyan sararin samaniya: Injiniyan sararin samaniya shine filin farko na aikin injiniya wanda ya shafi cigaban jirgin sama da kumbo. Yana da manyan rassa biyu masu hadewa: injiniyan sararin samaniya da injiniyan sararin samaniya. Injin Injiniyan Avionics yayi kama, amma yana ma'amala da bangaren lantarki na injiniyan sararin samaniya.
Tsarin ƙirar jirgin sama: Tsarin ƙirar jirgin sama hanya ce da bahaushe wacce aka yi amfani da ita don daidaita yawancin gasa da buƙatun buƙata don samar da jirgin sama mai ƙarfi, mara nauyi, tattalin arziki kuma zai iya ɗaukar isassun kaya yayin da yake da isasshen abin dogaro don ya tashi lafiya don ƙirar ƙirar jirgin. Mai kama da, amma mafi dacewa fiye da, tsarin aikin injiniya na yau da kullun, dabarar tana da saurin aiki, wanda ya haɗa da cinikayyar daidaitaccen matakin, cakuda bincike da gwaji da kuma cikakken binciken ƙwarewar kowane ɓangare na tsarin. Don wasu nau'ikan jirgin sama, hukumomin ƙirar ƙasa ne ke tsara aikin ƙira.
Injiniyan sararin samaniya: Injiniyan sararin samaniya shine filin farko na aikin injiniya wanda ya shafi cigaban jirgin sama da kumbo. Yana da manyan rassa biyu masu hadewa: injiniyan sararin samaniya da injiniyan sararin samaniya. Injin Injiniyan Avionics yayi kama, amma yana ma'amala da bangaren lantarki na injiniyan sararin samaniya.
Jerin injiniyoyin jirgin saman Rasha: Wannan jerin injiniyoyin jirgin saman Rasha sun hada da masu kera jiragen sama, roketry da kumbo, da masu kirkirar fasahohin taimakawa sararin samaniya daga Daular Rasha, da Tarayyar Soviet da kuma Tarayyar Rasha.
Jerin injiniyoyin jirgin saman Rasha: Wannan jerin injiniyoyin jirgin saman Rasha sun hada da masu kera jiragen sama, roketry da kumbo, da masu kirkirar fasahohin taimakawa sararin samaniya daga Daular Rasha, da Tarayyar Soviet da kuma Tarayyar Rasha.
Jerin injiniyoyin jirgin saman Rasha: Wannan jerin injiniyoyin jirgin saman Rasha sun hada da masu kera jiragen sama, roketry da kumbo, da masu kirkirar fasahohin taimakawa sararin samaniya daga Daular Rasha, da Tarayyar Soviet da kuma Tarayyar Rasha.
Jerin injiniyoyin jirgin saman Rasha: Wannan jerin injiniyoyin jirgin saman Rasha sun hada da masu kera jiragen sama, roketry da kumbo, da masu kirkirar fasahohin taimakawa sararin samaniya daga Daular Rasha, da Tarayyar Soviet da kuma Tarayyar Rasha.
Jerin injiniyoyin jirgin saman Rasha: Wannan jerin injiniyoyin jirgin saman Rasha sun hada da masu kera jiragen sama, roketry da kumbo, da masu kirkirar fasahohin taimakawa sararin samaniya daga Daular Rasha, da Tarayyar Soviet da kuma Tarayyar Rasha.
Jerin injiniyoyin jirgin saman Rasha: Wannan jerin injiniyoyin jirgin saman Rasha sun hada da masu kera jiragen sama, roketry da kumbo, da masu kirkirar fasahohin taimakawa sararin samaniya daga Daular Rasha, da Tarayyar Soviet da kuma Tarayyar Rasha.
Injin dizal na jirgin sama: Injin dizal na jirgin sama ko dizal din aero injin injin mai amfani ne da diesel. An yi amfani da su a cikin jirgin sama kuma an gwada su a cikin jirgin sama a ƙarshen 1920s da 1930s, amma ba a taɓa karɓuwa da yawa fiye da wannan. Babban fa'idodin su shine kyakkyawan takamaiman amfani da mai, rage ƙararrawa da ɗan haɓakar mai, amma waɗannan sun fi ƙarfin haɗuwa da haɗarin haɗuwa idan aka kwatanta da injin mai-mai ko turboprop. Tsadar tashin farashin ababen hawa da kuma shakku game da samuwar ta nan gaba ya haifar da sake farfadowa cikin samar da injin dizal na jirgin sama a farkon 2010s.
Radar picket: Rikakken radar shine tashar da aka tanadar da radar, jirgin ruwa, jirgin ruwa, jirgin sama, ko abin hawa da ake amfani da shi don ƙara kewayon gano radar a kusa da wata ƙasa ko ƙarfi don kare shi daga harin ba zata, galibi harin iska. Ta hanyar ma'anar radar picket dole ne a cire ɗan nesa daga maƙasudin da ake tsammani don ya sami damar bayar da gargaɗin farko . Sau da yawa raɗaɗɗun raɗaɗɗun raɗaɗɗun raɗaɗɗu suna kewaye da manufa don samar da ƙarin murfi a cikin dukkan hanyoyi; wata hanya ita ce sanya raka'a don samar da layin shinge.
Diski birki: Birki na birki wani nau'in birki ne da ke amfani da halifan don matse pads na pads a kan diski ko "rotor" don ƙirƙirar rikici Wannan aikin yana jinkirta juyawar shaft, kamar abin hawa, ko dai don rage saurin juyawar sa ko kuma riƙe shi tsaye. Ofarfin motsi yana canzawa zuwa zafin rana wanda dole ne a watsa shi.
Jirgin jirgin sama: Rarraba jirgin sama shine amfani da maganin kashe kwari a jiragen sama na duniya da sauran wuraren da aka rufe don maganin kwari da cutar. Rikicewa tare da maganin kashe kwari, kawar da microbes a saman, ba sabon abu bane. An shigar da cututtukan ƙwayoyin cuta, yawanci sauro, kuma sun zama 'yan asalin yankin da basu kasance a baya ba. Dengue, chikungunya da Zika sun bazu a cikin tekun Pasifik zuwa cikin nahiyar Amurka ta hanyoyin sadarwar jirgin. Lamuran "malaria na filin jirgin sama", wanda sauro mai ɗauke da malaria ke sauka tare da kamuwa da mutane kusa da filin jirgin, na iya ƙaruwa da dumamar yanayi.
Jirgin jirgin sama: Rarraba jirgin sama shine amfani da maganin kashe kwari a jiragen sama na duniya da sauran wuraren da aka rufe don maganin kwari da cutar. Rikicewa tare da maganin kashe kwari, kawar da microbes a saman, ba sabon abu bane. An shigar da cututtukan ƙwayoyin cuta, yawanci sauro, kuma sun zama 'yan asalin yankin da basu kasance a baya ba. Dengue, chikungunya da Zika sun bazu a cikin tekun Pasifik zuwa cikin nahiyar Amurka ta hanyoyin sadarwar jirgin. Lamuran "malaria na filin jirgin sama", wanda sauro mai ɗauke da malaria ke sauka tare da kamuwa da mutane kusa da filin jirgin, na iya ƙaruwa da dumamar yanayi.
Mai aika jirgin sama: Mai tura jirgin ya taimaka wajen tsara hanyoyin jirgin, la'akari da aikin jirgin sama da lodinsu, iska mai karfin gaske, hadari da tashin hankali, kayyade sararin samaniya, da yanayin filin jirgin sama. Masu rarrabawa suna ba da jirgin bayan sabis kuma suna ba matukan jirgi shawara idan yanayi ya canza. Suna yawan aiki a cibiyar ayyukan jirgin sama. A Amurka da Kanada, mai aika jirgin ya raba alhakin doka tare da kwamandan jirgin.
Jirgin sama dope: Jirgin jirgin sama shine lacquer mai filastik wanda ake amfani dashi akan jirgin da aka rufe da masana'anta. Yana matsewa da kuma tsananta masana'anta da aka shimfiɗa akan sasannin sama, wanda ke basu damar zama marasa iska da kuma yanayin yanayi, yana ƙara ƙarfinsu da rayuwarsu. Ana amfani da wannan fasaha sosai zuwa nau'ikan nau'ikan jiragen sama masu cikakken-girma da tashi.
Hanyoyi masu ƙarfi na jirgin sama: Ingancin kwanciyar hankali na jirgin sama yana nusar da yadda jirgin ke yin bayan an dame shi bayan tsayayyiyar tafiyar da ba oscillating.
Jirgin saman jirgin sama: Tashar jirgin saman duniya - bisa ga Mataki na 1.84 na theungiyar Sadarwar ´asa ta Duniya (ITU) Dokokin Rediyon ITU (RR) - wanda aka ayyana a matsayin «Tashar tashar tafi-da-gidanka ta hannu a cikin sabis na tauraron dan adam wanda ke saman jirgi .»
Birki na lantarki Birki na lantarki yana jinkiri ko dakatar da motsi ta amfani da ƙarfin electromagnetic don amfani da juriya na inji (gogayya). Asalinsu ana kiransu "birkiyoyi masu inji-inji," amma tsawon shekaru sai sunan ya koma "birki na electromagnetic", yana nufin yadda suke motsawa. Tun da ya zama sananne a tsakiyar karni na 20, musamman a cikin jiragen ƙasa da trams, nau'ikan aikace-aikace da ƙirar birki sun ƙaru sosai, amma ainihin aikin ya kasance iri ɗaya.
Mitar gaggawa na jirgin sama: Mitar gaggawa ta jirgin sama mita ce da aka yi amfani da ita akan bangon jirgin sama wanda aka keɓe don sadarwar gaggawa don jirgin cikin wahala. Mitocin sune 121.5 MHz na farar hula, wanda aka fi sani da International Air Distress (IAD) ko VHF Guard, da 243.0 MHz don amfani da sojoji, wanda aka fi sani da Sojan Sama na Jirgin Sama (MAD) ko UHF Guard. Tun da farko masu watsa labaru na gaggawa sun yi amfani da mitar masu tsaro don watsawa, amma ƙarin mitar 406 MHz ana amfani da shi ta hanyar watsawa mai saurin gaggawa na gaggawa (ELT).
Amfani da makamashi a cikin sufuri: Ingancin kuzari a cikin sufuri shine nisan tafiya mai amfani, na fasinjoji, kaya ko kowane nau'in kaya; raba ta jimlar makamashi da aka sanya a cikin jigilar hanyoyin motsa jiki. Ana iya samar da shigar da kuzari cikin nau'ikan daban-daban dangane da nau'in motsawa, kuma galibi ana gabatar da irin wannan makamashin a cikin mai na ruwa, makamashin lantarki ko makamashin abinci. Hakanan ana iya amfani da ƙimar makamashi lokaci-lokaci azaman ƙarfi . Rashin ingancin makamashi a cikin sufuri, shine amfani da kuzari a cikin jigilar kaya.
Injin jirgin sama: Injin jirgin sama , wanda galibi ake magana a kai a matsayin injin iska , shine ƙarfin ƙarfin tsarin tura jirgin sama. Yawancin injunan jirgin sama ko dai injin piston ne ko kuma injinan gas, kodayake wasu kalilan suna da ƙarfin roka kuma a cikin recentan shekarun nan da yawa ƙananan UAVs sun yi amfani da injin lantarki.
Gudanar da injin jirgin sama: Gudanar da injina na jirgin sama na samar da hanyar da matukin jirgi zai iya sarrafawa da kuma lura da yadda ake sarrafa na'urar jirgin. Wannan labarin yana bayanin sarrafawar da aka yi amfani da ita tare da injin ƙona-ciki na ciki wanda ke tuka farfesa. An bayyana wasu zaɓuɓɓuka na zaɓi ko ƙarin ci gaba a ƙarshen labarin. Injin injina na Jet suna amfani da ka'idojin aiki daban-daban kuma suna da nasu tsarin sarrafawa da na'urori masu auna sigina.
Kamfanin kera sararin samaniya: Wani mai kera sararin samaniya kamfani ne ko wani mutum wanda yake cikin fannoni daban-daban na tsarawa, gini, gwaji, sayarwa, da kiyaye jirgi, sassan jirgin sama, makamai masu linzami, roket, ko kumbo. Aerospace babbar masana'antar fasaha ce.
Ayyukan injin jirgin sama: Walsh ya bayyana aikin injiniya azaman samfurin ƙarshe wanda kamfanin injiniya ke sayarwa. Ya haɗa da yankuna sasantawa don takamaiman aikace-aikacen jirgin sama kamar tursasawa ko ƙarfin shaft don cinye mai, nauyi, tsada, girman waje da rayuwa. Ya haɗa da haɗuwa da ƙayyadaddun muhalli waɗanda suka shafi iskar hayaƙi da gurɓataccen gurɓataccen sinadarai, da lamuran tsaro waɗanda ke buƙatar zane wanda zai iya jurewa haɗarin muhalli cikin aminci kamar tsuntsaye, ruwan sama, ƙanƙara da yanayin icing.
Injin jirgin sama: Injin jirgin sama , wanda galibi ake magana a kai a matsayin injin iska , shine ƙarfin ƙarfin tsarin tura jirgin sama. Yawancin injunan jirgin sama ko dai injin piston ne ko kuma injinan gas, kodayake wasu kalilan suna da ƙarfin roka kuma a cikin recentan shekarun nan da yawa ƙananan UAVs sun yi amfani da injin lantarki.
Injin jirgin sama: Injin jirgin sama , wanda galibi ake magana a kai a matsayin injin iska , shine ƙarfin ƙarfin tsarin tura jirgin sama. Yawancin injunan jirgin sama ko dai injin piston ne ko kuma injinan gas, kodayake wasu kalilan suna da ƙarfin roka kuma a cikin recentan shekarun nan da yawa ƙananan UAVs sun yi amfani da injin lantarki.
Jirgin jirgin sama farawa: Yawancin bambance-bambancen amfani da injin jirgin sama sun fara amfani da su tun lokacin da brothersan uwan ​​Wright suka yi jirgin su na farko a shekara ta 1903. Hanyoyin da aka yi amfani da su an tsara su ne don ceton nauyi, sauƙin aiki da aminci. An fara injunan piston na farko da hannu, tare da fara amfani da hannu, tsarin lantarki da na aiki na katako don manyan injina ana haɓakawa tsakanin yaƙe-yaƙe.
Injiniyan gyara jirgin sama: Injiniyan gyaran jirgi na iya komawa zuwa: Babban mai gyaran jirgin sama gaba daya Injin Injiniyan Kula da Jirgin Sama ya cancanta Injiniyan gyara jirgin sama (Kanada)
Injin jirgin sama:
Sashin jirgin sama: Wani ɓangaren jirgin sama wani abu ne ko kayan haɗin da aka amince dasu don shigarwa akan jirgin sama mai takardar shaida. Amincewa ga waɗannan sassan an samo shi ne daga ikon ƙasashen da jirgin sama yake. A Amurka, Hukumar Kula da Sufurin Jiragen Sama ta Tarayya ce ke kula da yardar waɗannan sassan ƙarƙashin Dokar Kula da Sufurin Jiragen Sama Sashe na 21.
Fitar jirgin sama na gaggawa: Fitar jirgin sama na gaggawa yana nufin ƙaura na gaggawa daga jirgin sama wanda zai iya faruwa a ƙasa, cikin ruwa, ko tsakiyar jirgin. Akwai daidaitattun hanyoyin ƙaura da kayan ƙaura na musamman.
Hasken Kewayawa: Hasken kewayawa , wanda kuma aka sani da hasken gudu ko matsayi, tushe ne na haskaka jirgin ruwa, jirgin sama ko kumbon sama jannati. Hasken kewayawa yana ba da bayani game da matsayin sana'a, take, da matsayi. An sanya izinin su ne ta hanyar taron ƙasa da ƙasa ko hukumomin farar hula. Ba a nufin fitilun kewayawa don samar da haske don ƙirar da ke wucewa, kawai don wasu ƙirar su san da ita.
Aircraft masana'anta sutura: Rufin masana'antar jirgin sama lokaci ne da ake amfani dashi don kayan da aka yi amfani da su da kuma tsarin rufe tsarin buɗe jirgin sama. Hakanan ana amfani dashi don ƙarfafa rufin rufin rufin ruɓaɓɓu, de Havilland Mosquito ya zama misalin wannan dabarar, kuma a kan manyan bishiyoyi masu amfani da katako na wasu jiragen yakin Jamus na Yaƙin Duniya na ɗaya kamar LFG Roland C.II, a cikin Wickelrumpf plywood ɗin sa wanda aka nannade. tsiri da sutura.
Aircraft masana'anta sutura: Rufin masana'antar jirgin sama lokaci ne da ake amfani dashi don kayan da aka yi amfani da su da kuma tsarin rufe tsarin buɗe jirgin sama. Hakanan ana amfani dashi don ƙarfafa rufin rufin rufin ruɓaɓɓu, de Havilland Mosquito ya zama misalin wannan dabarar, kuma a kan manyan bishiyoyi masu amfani da katako na wasu jiragen yakin Jamus na Yaƙin Duniya na ɗaya kamar LFG Roland C.II, a cikin Wickelrumpf plywood ɗin sa wanda aka nannade. tsiri da sutura.
Jirgin sama Tsarin jirgin sama tsari ne wanda aikin sa na farko shine samar da tsari mai sauki da rage ja.
Kudin jirgin sama: Kudin jirgin sama yana nufin kudade don siye da aiki na jirgin sama. Financewararren kuɗaɗen kuɗaɗen jirgin sama suna ba da halaye da yawa tare da kuɗin ruwa, kuma zuwa ɗan ƙaramin aiki tare da kuɗin aikin.
Mai ba da wutar jirgin sama: Mai ba da wutar wuta jirgin sama na'urar kwaikwayo ce ta kashe gobara da aka ƙera don yin aikin ceton fasinjoji da matukan jirgin yayin haɗarin jirgin sama. Masu kwalejin horar da wuta sun ba wa masu kashe gobara damar sake kirkirar yanayi daban-daban na gaggawa irin su malalar mai ta waje, reshe, injiniya da wutsiya. Hakanan zasu iya taimakawa don haɓaka ingantaccen yanayin ceto na ciki don wurin zama, ɗakin kofa, gida da wuta. Hakanan masu kwaikwayon horar da wuta suna ba da sassauci don aikin horo daidai yayin samar da iyakar aminci a kowane lokaci. Ma'aikata ne na birni, wutar masana'antu da cibiyoyin ceto, filayen jirgin sama na duniya da sojoji a duk duniya. Ana iya ƙirƙirar haɗuwa da haɗari a ƙasa a matsayin wani ɓangare na babban atisayen horo wanda ya haɗa da wuta, motar asibiti da jirgin ruwan 'yan sanda, ma'aikatan ƙasa da ma'aikatan iska. Bugu da kari, za a iya ci gaba da abubuwan da ke faruwa na biyu a samar da horo kan abubuwan da ke faruwa wadanda za su iya faruwa a kusa da jirgin. Ana gudanar da kowane aiki kuma ana duban shi daga hasumiyar sarrafawa.
Tsarin kula da jirgin sama na jirgin sama: Tsarin kula da jirgin sama na yau da kullun wanda ya kunshi fuskokin sarrafa jirgin, abubuwan sarrafa matuka, hanyoyin hada abubuwa, da kuma hanyoyin da ake bukata don sarrafa alkiblar jirgin sama. Hakanan ana la'akari da sarrafa injunan jirgin sama azaman sarrafa jirgi yayin da suke canza saurin.
Tsarin kula da jirgin sama na jirgin sama: Tsarin kula da jirgin sama na yau da kullun wanda ya kunshi fuskokin sarrafa jirgin, abubuwan sarrafa matuka, hanyoyin hada abubuwa, da kuma hanyoyin da ake bukata don sarrafa alkiblar jirgin sama. Hakanan ana la'akari da sarrafa injunan jirgin sama azaman sarrafa jirgi yayin da suke canza saurin.
Tsarin kula da jirgin sama na jirgin sama: Tsarin kula da jirgin sama na yau da kullun wanda ya kunshi fuskokin sarrafa jirgin, abubuwan sarrafa matuka, hanyoyin hada abubuwa, da kuma hanyoyin da ake bukata don sarrafa alkiblar jirgin sama. Hakanan ana la'akari da sarrafa injunan jirgin sama azaman sarrafa jirgi yayin da suke canza saurin.
Jagorar jirgin sama na jirgin sama: Littafin jirgin sama na jirgin sama ( AFM ) littafi ne na takarda ko bayanan lantarki wanda ya ƙunshi bayanin da ake buƙata don sarrafa jirgin sama na wani nau'i ko takamaiman jirgin sama na wannan nau'in (kowane AFM an tsara shi don takamaiman jirgin sama, kodayake jirgin sama iri ɗaya a dabi'ance yana da matukar Hakanan ana magana ne akan bayanan AFMs din .. Bayanin da ke cikin AFM din kuma ana magana ne akan Bayanai na Kwarewar Kwarewar Kwarewa.Littafin jagorar jirgin sama na yau da kullun zai kunshi masu zuwa: iyakokin aiki, Tsarin al'ada / Mara kyau / Hanyoyin aiki na Gaggawa, bayanan aiki da bayanan loda.
Ma'aikatan jirgin jirgin sama: Ma'aikatan jirgin sama suna dacewa da jirgin sama mai jiran gado da na juyawa (jirage masu saukar ungulu). An bayyana jirgin sama, a cikin takaddar ICAO 9110 a matsayin, "wanda yafi karfin jirgin sama, wanda yake samun karbansa daga yanayin iska wanda yake kan tsayayye a yanayin da ya dace dashi".
Jirgin sama: A floatplane wani nau'in seaplane ne tare da daya ko fiye da siririyar shawagi da aka saka a ƙarƙashin fuselage don samar da buoyancy. Ya bambanta, jirgin ruwa mai tashi yana amfani da fuselage don buoyancy. Ko wanne irin jirgi zai iya samun kayan sauka wadanda suka dace da kasa, suna mai da abin hawan jirgin sama ne. Amfani da Biritaniya shine a kira "jiragen ruwa" "jiragen ruwa" maimakon amfani da kalmar "seaplane" don koma wa jiragen ruwa da jiragen ruwa masu tashi.
Jirgin sama: A floatplane wani nau'in seaplane ne tare da daya ko fiye da siririyar shawagi da aka saka a ƙarƙashin fuselage don samar da buoyancy. Ya bambanta, jirgin ruwa mai tashi yana amfani da fuselage don buoyancy. Ko wanne irin jirgi zai iya samun kayan sauka wadanda suka dace da kasa, suna mai da abin hawan jirgin sama ne. Amfani da Biritaniya shine a kira "jiragen ruwa" "jiragen ruwa" maimakon amfani da kalmar "seaplane" don koma wa jiragen ruwa da jiragen ruwa masu tashi.
Flutter (lantarki da sadarwa): A cikin lantarki da sadarwa, flutter shine saurin canje-canje na sigogin sigina, kamar su amplitude, lokaci, da kuma mita. Misalan wutar lantarki sune: Saɓani mai sauri a cikin matakan sigina da aka karɓa, kamar bambancin da zai iya haifar da rikicewar yanayi, motsin eriya a cikin iska mai ƙarfi, ko hulɗa tare da wasu sigina. A cikin yaduwar rediyo, wani lamari wanda kusan dukkanin siginar rediyo waɗanda galibi ana yin su ta hanyar yadudduka ionospheric a ciki ko sama da yankin E-yana fuskantar juzu'i ko cikakken sha. A cikin watsa rediyo, matakan sigina masu saurin canzawa, tare da sauye-sauye iri-iri masu yawa, wanda ya haifar da tunani da yuwuwar shan siginar ta jirgin sama da ke yawo ta katangar rediyo ko yawan watsawa na kowa. Bambanci a cikin halayen watsawa na layin wayar tarho da aka loda sakamakon aikin tasirin igiyar waya ta kai tsaye a kan kayan kwalliyar. A rikodin da kuma sake sarrafa kayan aiki, karkatarwar mitar da aka samu ta hanyar rashin motsi na inji, misali, na saurin hanzarin hanzari a cikin tsarin jigilar tef, yayin aiki.
Tsohon: Na farko abu ne, kamar samfuri, ma'auni ko yankan mutu, wanda ake amfani dashi don ƙirƙirar wani abu kamar ƙwanƙolin jirgin ruwa. Yawanci, tsohon yana ba da sifa ga tsari wanda zai iya samun karkatacciyar hanya.
Man jirgin sama: Matakan jirgin sama sune tushen mai, ko kuma mai da haɗakar mai, ana amfani dashi don bawa jirgin sama ƙarfi. Suna da tsauraran buƙatu fiye da mai waɗanda ake amfani dasu don amfani da ƙasa, kamar dumama da jigilar hanya, kuma suna ƙunshe da ƙari don haɓaka ko kula da kaddarorin mahimmanci don aikin mai ko sarrafawa. Su ne tushen kerosene don jirgin sama mai amfani da injin turbin. Jirgin da aka harba da bindiga yana amfani da mai kuma wadanda ke da injunan dizal na iya amfani da man jirgin sama (kerosene). Zuwa 2012 duk jirgin saman da Sojan Sama na Amurka ke aiki an tabbatar da cewa sun yi amfani da kerosene mai hade da 50-50 da man roba wanda aka samu daga gawayi ko iskar gas a matsayin hanyar daidaita farashin mai.
Tankunan mai na jirgin sama: Tankokin mai na jirgin sama sune babban ɓangaren tsarin mai na jirgin sama. Ana iya rarraba su a cikin tankunan mai na ciki ko na waje kuma ana iya rarraba su ta hanyar hanyar gini ko amfani da niyya. Anyi nazarin bangarorin tsaro na tankokin mai na jirgin sama yayin binciken hatsarin fashewar jirgin TWA na 1996 TWA na 1996.
Tsarin man jirgin sama: Tsarin mai na jirgin sama yana bawa ma'aikata damar yin famfo, sarrafawa, da isar da mai na jirgin sama zuwa ga tsarin motsawa da kuma sashin wutar lantarki (APU) na jirgin sama. Tsarin mai ya banbanta matuka saboda aikin jirgin daban wanda aka girka shi. Jirgin piston mai injin guda ɗaya yana da tsarin mai mai sauƙi; tankar, baya ga sarrafa nata mai, na iya samar da mai ga wasu jiragen.
Tankunan mai na jirgin sama: Tankokin mai na jirgin sama sune babban ɓangaren tsarin mai na jirgin sama. Ana iya rarraba su a cikin tankunan mai na ciki ko na waje kuma ana iya rarraba su ta hanyar hanyar gini ko amfani da niyya. Anyi nazarin bangarorin tsaro na tankokin mai na jirgin sama yayin binciken hatsarin fashewar jirgin TWA na 1996 TWA na 1996.
Tankunan mai na jirgin sama: Tankokin mai na jirgin sama sune babban ɓangaren tsarin mai na jirgin sama. Ana iya rarraba su a cikin tankunan mai na ciki ko na waje kuma ana iya rarraba su ta hanyar hanyar gini ko amfani da niyya. Anyi nazarin bangarorin tsaro na tankokin mai na jirgin sama yayin binciken hatsarin fashewar jirgin TWA na 1996 TWA na 1996.
Fuselage: A cikin sararin samaniya, fuselage babban ɓangaren jirgin sama ne. Tana ɗaukar ma'aikata, fasinjoji, da kaya. A cikin jirgin sama na injina guda ɗaya, yawanci zai ƙunshi injin, haka nan, kodayake a cikin wasu jiragen sama masu ƙarancin iska ana ɗora injin guda a kan pylon da ke haɗe da fuselage, wanda kuma ana amfani da shi azaman ƙwan iyo. Hakanan fuselage yana ba da matsayin sanya iko da shimfidar wurare a cikin alaƙar musamman zuwa ɗaga saman, wanda ake buƙata don kwanciyar hankali na jirgin sama da motsi.
6061 aluminum gami: 6061 haɗari ne mai haɗari mai haɗari na aluminium, wanda ya ƙunshi magnesium da silicon azaman manyan abubuwan haɗakar sa. Asali ana kiransa "Alloy 61S", an kirkireshi ne a shekarar 1935. Yana da kyawawan kayan aikin inji, yana nuna kyakkyawan walda, kuma anfi yawan fitar dashi. Yana ɗaya daga cikin ginshiƙan allo na yau da kullun don amfanin gama gari.
Jirgin sama na jirgin sama: Makabartar jirgin sama ko makabartar jirgin sama wuri ne na ajiyar jiragen da suka yi ritaya daga aiki. Yawancin jirgi a farfajiyar kashi ko dai ana ajiye su don adanawa tare da wasu gyare-gyare ko cire sassan su don sake amfani dasu ko sake siyarwa sannan kuma a tsabtace su. Gine-ginen katanga gabaɗaya suna cikin hamada, kamar waɗanda suke a Kudu maso Yammacin Amurka, tun da yanayin bushe yana rage lalata kuma ƙasa mai wuya ba ta buƙatar shimfiɗa. Rukuni na 309 na Kulawa da Sabunta Aerospace a Tucson, Arizona, babban kayan aiki irinsa, ana kiransa da suna "The Boneyard".
Babban nauyi na jirgin sama: Babban nauyin jirgin sama shine jimlar nauyin jirgin sama a kowane lokaci yayin tashi ko aikin ƙasa.
Gudanar da jirgin sama na ƙasa: A cikin jirgin sama, kula da filin jirgin sama yana ayyana hidimar jirgi yayin da yake a kasa kuma (galibi) yana yin fakin a ƙofar tashar tashar jirgin sama.
Gun turret: Turret gungu wani dandamali ne na hawa wanda daga gare shi ake harba makamai wanda ke ba da kariya, ganuwa da ikon juyawa da nufin. Turret gun na zamani gabaɗaya hawa ne mai jujjuya makami wanda ke ɗaukar ma'aikata ko tsarin makamin harba bindiga kuma a lokaci guda yana barin makamin da nufin harbi da harbawa a wani mataki na azimuth da tudu.
Bindiga: A gunship ne a soja jirgin sama dauke da makamai nauyi jirgin sama bindigogi, da farko yi nufi ga kai hare hare ƙasa hari ko dai a matsayin harin ko a matsayin kusa da iska goyon baya.
Gudanar da jirgin sama na ƙasa: A cikin jirgin sama, kula da filin jirgin sama yana ayyana hidimar jirgi yayin da yake a kasa kuma (galibi) yana yin fakin a ƙofar tashar tashar jirgin sama.
Hangar: Hangoro tsarin gini ne da aka rufe don riƙe jirgin sama ko kumbon sararin samaniya. Hangars an gina ta ne da karfe, itace, ko kankare. Kalmar hangar ta fito ne daga hangar ƙasar Faransa ta Tsakiya , asalin ta Jamusanci, daga Frankish * haimgard , daga * haim da gard ("yadi").
Hangar: Hangoro tsarin gini ne da aka rufe don riƙe jirgin sama ko kumbon sararin samaniya. Hangars an gina ta ne da karfe, itace, ko kankare. Kalmar hangar ta fito ne daga hangar ƙasar Faransa ta Tsakiya , asalin ta Jamusanci, daga Frankish * haimgard , daga * haim da gard ("yadi").
Kan magana (kewayawa): A kewayawa, ashin na wani jirgin ruwa ko jirgin sama ne kamfas shugabanci a cikin abin da craft ta baka ko hanci da aka nuna. Lura cewa taken ba lallai bane ya zama alkiblar da abin hawan ke tafiya a zahiri, wanda aka sani da hanyarsa ko hanyar sa . Duk wani banbanci tsakanin taken da tafarkin yana faruwa ne saboda motsi na matsakaiciyar hanyar, iska ko ruwa, ko wasu tasirin kamar zamewa ko zamewa. An san bambancin da gantali , kuma ana iya tantance shi ta alwatiran iska . An bayyana aƙalla hanyoyi bakwai don auna jigon abin hawa.
Helikofta hieroglyphs: Helicopter hieroglyphs suna nufin zane-zanen hoto na Masar daga Haikalin Seti I a Abydos.
Satar jirgin sama: Satar jirgin sama , shine kwace doka daga wani mutum ko wata kungiya ba bisa ka'ida ba. Saduwa daga farkon satar mutane, galibin al'amuran sun shafi tilasta matukin jirgi ya tashi bisa larurar maharan Koyaya, a wasu lokuta ba safai ba, maharan sun tuka jirgin kansu da kansu kuma sun yi amfani da shi wajen kai harin kunar bakin wake - musamman a harin 11 ga Satumba - kuma a lokuta da yawa, matukin jirgin sama ko mataimakin matukin jirgin ya yi fashin jirage; watau batun Lubitz.
Satar jirgin sama: Satar jirgin sama , shine kwace doka daga wani mutum ko wata kungiya ba bisa ka'ida ba. Saduwa daga farkon satar mutane, galibin al'amuran sun shafi tilasta matukin jirgi ya tashi bisa larurar maharan Koyaya, a wasu lokuta ba safai ba, maharan sun tuka jirgin kansu da kansu kuma sun yi amfani da shi wajen kai harin kunar bakin wake - musamman a harin 11 ga Satumba - kuma a lokuta da yawa, matukin jirgin sama ko mataimakin matukin jirgin ya yi fashin jirage; watau batun Lubitz.
Satar jirgin sama: Satar jirgin sama , shine kwace doka daga wani mutum ko wata kungiya ba bisa ka'ida ba. Saduwa daga farkon satar mutane, galibin al'amuran sun shafi tilasta matukin jirgi ya tashi bisa larurar maharan Koyaya, a wasu lokuta ba safai ba, maharan sun tuka jirgin kansu da kansu kuma sun yi amfani da shi wajen kai harin kunar bakin wake - musamman a harin 11 ga Satumba - kuma a lokuta da yawa, matukin jirgin sama ko mataimakin matukin jirgin ya yi fashin jirage; watau batun Lubitz.
Fuselage: A cikin sararin samaniya, fuselage babban ɓangaren jirgin sama ne. Tana ɗaukar ma'aikata, fasinjoji, da kaya. A cikin jirgin sama na injina guda ɗaya, yawanci zai ƙunshi injin, haka nan, kodayake a cikin wasu jiragen sama masu ƙarancin iska ana ɗora injin guda a kan pylon da ke haɗe da fuselage, wanda kuma ana amfani da shi azaman ƙwan iyo. Hakanan fuselage yana ba da matsayin sanya iko da shimfidar wurare a cikin alaƙar musamman zuwa ɗaga saman, wanda ake buƙata don kwanciyar hankali na jirgin sama da motsi.
Yammacin icing: Yankunan sararin samaniya na faruwa ne a cikin yanayi lokacin da digon ruwa ya daskare akan abubuwan da suka sadu da su. Yanayin kaɗa na iya zama mai haɗari musamman ga jirgin sama, yayin da kankara ginanniyar ke canza yanayin yanayin tashi sama, wanda zai iya ƙara haɗarin turke. A saboda wannan dalili, an kirkiro tsarin kare kankara a jirgin sama, kuma galibi ana yin lalata da jiragen sama kafin tashi sama a muhallin kankara.
Jirgin sama a cikin almara: Jirgin sama a cikin almara ya rufe wasu jirgi na zahiri wanda yayi fice sosai a cikin almara cikin shekaru gommai, gami da littattafai, fina-finai, kayan wasa, shirye-shiryen TV, wasannin bidiyo, da sauran kafofin watsa labarai. Wadannan bayyanannun suna haskaka shaharar nau'ikan samfuran jirgi daban-daban, kuma suna nuna nau'ikan daban-daban ga jama'a.
Jirgin sama a cikin almara: Jirgin sama a cikin almara ya rufe wasu jirgi na zahiri wanda yayi fice sosai a cikin almara cikin shekaru gommai, gami da littattafai, fina-finai, kayan wasa, shirye-shiryen TV, wasannin bidiyo, da sauran kafofin watsa labarai. Wadannan bayyanannun suna haskaka shaharar nau'ikan samfuran jirgi daban-daban, kuma suna nuna nau'ikan daban-daban ga jama'a.
Jirgin sama a cikin almara: Jirgin sama a cikin almara ya rufe wasu jirgi na zahiri wanda yayi fice sosai a cikin almara cikin shekaru gommai, gami da littattafai, fina-finai, kayan wasa, shirye-shiryen TV, wasannin bidiyo, da sauran kafofin watsa labarai. Wadannan bayyanannun suna haskaka shaharar nau'ikan samfuran jirgi daban-daban, kuma suna nuna nau'ikan daban-daban ga jama'a.
Haɗarin jirgin sama da abubuwan da suka faru: Yarjejeniyar kan zirga-zirgar jiragen sama ta Duniya an bayyana haɗarin jirgin sama na Annex 13 a matsayin abin da ke haɗuwa da aikin jirgin sama, wanda ke faruwa daga lokacin da kowane mutum ya hau jirgi da niyyar tashi har sai duk waɗannan mutane sun sauka, kuma a wanda a) mutum ya sami rauni ko rauni mai tsanani, b) jirgin saman ya sami rauni mai yawa ko lalacewar tsarinsa, ko c) jirgin ya ɓace ko ya zama ba a iya shigarsa gaba ɗaya. Rataye na 13 yana ayyana lamarin jirgin sama a matsayin abin da ya faru, banda haɗari, haɗi da aikin jirgin sama wanda ke shafar ko zai iya shafar amincin aiki.
Kamfanin kera sararin samaniya: Wani mai kera sararin samaniya kamfani ne ko wani mutum wanda yake cikin fannoni daban-daban na tsarawa, gini, gwaji, sayarwa, da kiyaye jirgi, sassan jirgin sama, makamai masu linzami, roket, ko kumbo. Aerospace babbar masana'antar fasaha ce.
Kamfanin jirgin sama na Rasha: Kirkirar jirgin sama muhimmin yanki ne na masana'antu a cikin Rasha, yana ɗaukar kusan 355,300 ma'aikata. Rushewar Tarayyar Soviet ya haifar da rikici mai zurfi ga masana'antar, musamman ma ga ɓangaren jirgin farar hula. Halin ya fara inganta yayin tsakiyar shekaru goma na farko na 2000s saboda haɓaka cikin sufurin iska da ƙaruwar buƙata. Wani shirin karfafa gwiwa wanda aka fara a 2005 ya haifar da kirkirar kamfanin rike da jirgi na United Aircraft Corporation, wanda ya hada da akasarin manyan kamfanonin masana'antar.
Kamfanin jirgin sama na Serbia: Masarautar Serbia ta zama wani ɓangare na sabuwar jihar, Masarautar Sabiya, Croats da Slovenes. wanda aka kirkira a ranar 1 ga Disamba 1918. Duk da cewa masana'antar tana kan matakin ƙasa kaɗan na ci gaba, amma jihar tana cikin ƙasashe 10 na farko a duniya waɗanda suka haɓaka samar da jirgin sama nasu. Asali, bangarorin da aka samar a masana'antun kasashen waje ne kawai aka harhada, amma ba da jimawa ba aka fara samar da kayan cikin gida, don haka aikin injiniya. Wanda ya riga ya faɗi na masana'antar jirgin sama na gida shine bitar jirgin sama, wanda aka kafa a 1920, a filin jirgin sama a Novi Sad. Haɗuwa da jerin fitina na Hansa-Brandenburg CI An sanya wa jerin sunayen SBr, saboda ana san wannan nau'in jirgin sama a Serbia da srednji Brandenburg .
Kayan jirgin sama: Kayan aikin jirgi sune kayan cikin akwatin jirgin sama wanda ke baiwa matukin jirgi bayanai game da yanayin tashin jirgin, kamar su tsawo, iska, saurin tafiya, kan hanya da sauran mahimman bayanai masu yawa a cikin jirgin. Suna inganta aminci ta hanyar barin matukin jirgi ya tashi jirgin sama a matakin da yake, kuma ya juyo, ba tare da wani tunani ba a wajen jirgin kamar sararin sama. Ka'idodin jirgin sama na gani (VFR) suna buƙatar mai nuna siginar sama, matattakala, da kamfas ko wata alama mai nuna alama. Flightarin ƙa'idodin jirgin sama (IFR) bugu da requireari yana buƙatar bankin gyroscopic-banki, shugabanci da ƙimar nuna alama, tare da alamar zamewa, skid skit, altimeter mai daidaitawa, da agogo. Jirgin sama zuwa yanayin yanayi na kayan aiki (IMC) yana buƙatar kayan aikin kewaya rediyo don takaddama da sauka.