Acetyl-CoA synthetase, Acetyl-CoA, Acetyl-CoA carboxylase

Acetyl-CoA synthetase: Acetyl-CoA synthetase (ACS) ko Acetate-CoA ligase wani enzyme ne wanda ke cikin metabolism na acetate. Yana cikin ajin ligase na enzymes, ma'ana yana haifar da samuwar sabon haɗin sinadarai tsakanin manyan kwayoyi biyu.
Acetyl-CoA: | C 23 H 38 N 7 Ya 17 P 3 S | - | Yawan bakin | 809.57 g · mol −1 | - | Sashe na 3 = | Sashe na 4 = | Sashe na 5 = | Sashe na 6 =}} Acetyl-CoA ( acetyl coenzyme A ) kwayar halitta ce wacce ke shiga cikin halayen biochemical da yawa a cikin furotin, carbohydrate da lipid metabolism. Babban aikinta shine isar da rukunin acetyl zuwa zagayen citric acid (Krebs cycle) don samin kuzari don samar da makamashi. Coenzyme A (CoASH ko CoA) ya ƙunshi ƙungiyar β-mercaptoethylamine da ke da alaƙa da bitamin pantothenic acid (B5) ta hanyar haɗin amide da 3'-phosphorylated ADP. Acungiyar acetyl (wanda aka nuna a shuɗi a cikin zane-zane a hannun dama) na acetyl-CoA yana da alaƙa da maye gurbin sulfhydryl na ƙungiyar β-mercaptoethylamine. Wannan haɗin haɗin yanar gizon shine haɗin haɗin "babban makamashi", wanda ke da amsa musamman. Hydrolysis na haɗin thioester yana da ƙarfi (-31.5 kJ / mol).
Acetyl-CoA carboxylase: Acetyl-CoA carboxylase ( ACC ) enzyme ne mai dogaro da kwayar halitta wanda ke haifar da karboxylation na acetyl-CoA wanda ba za a iya sakewa ba don samar da malonyl-CoA ta cikin ayyukansa guda biyu, biotin carboxylase (BC) da carboxyltransferase (CT). ACC babban enzyme ne mai yawa a cikin yawancin prokaryotes kuma a cikin chloroplasts na mafi yawan shuke-shuke da algae, alhali kuwa babban enzyme ne mai yawa, a cikin cytoplasm na yawancin eukaryotes. Mafi mahimmancin aiki na ACC shine samar da malonyl-CoA substrate na biosynthesis na ƙwayoyin mai. Ayyukan ACC ana iya sarrafa su a matakin rubuce-rubuce kazalika ta ƙananan modan kwayoyi masu juzu'i da gyare-gyaren haɗin gwiwa. Kwayar halittar mutum tana dauke da kwayoyin halittar ACC guda biyu - ACACA da ACACB .
Acetyl-CoA: | C 23 H 38 N 7 Ya 17 P 3 S | - | Yawan bakin | 809.57 g · mol −1 | - | Sashe na 3 = | Sashe na 4 = | Sashe na 5 = | Sashe na 6 =}} Acetyl-CoA ( acetyl coenzyme A ) kwayar halitta ce wacce ke shiga cikin halayen biochemical da yawa a cikin furotin, carbohydrate da lipid metabolism. Babban aikinta shine isar da rukunin acetyl zuwa zagayen citric acid (Krebs cycle) don samin kuzari don samar da makamashi. Coenzyme A (CoASH ko CoA) ya ƙunshi ƙungiyar β-mercaptoethylamine da ke da alaƙa da bitamin pantothenic acid (B5) ta hanyar haɗin amide da 3'-phosphorylated ADP. Acungiyar acetyl (wanda aka nuna a shuɗi a cikin zane-zane a hannun dama) na acetyl-CoA yana da alaƙa da maye gurbin sulfhydryl na ƙungiyar β-mercaptoethylamine. Wannan haɗin haɗin yanar gizon shine haɗin haɗin "babban makamashi", wanda ke da amsa musamman. Hydrolysis na haɗin thioester yana da ƙarfi (-31.5 kJ / mol).
Acetyl-CoA: | C 23 H 38 N 7 Ya 17 P 3 S | - | Yawan bakin | 809.57 g · mol −1 | - | Sashe na 3 = | Sashe na 4 = | Sashe na 5 = | Sashe na 6 =}} Acetyl-CoA ( acetyl coenzyme A ) kwayar halitta ce wacce ke shiga cikin halayen biochemical da yawa a cikin furotin, carbohydrate da lipid metabolism. Babban aikinta shine isar da rukunin acetyl zuwa zagayen citric acid (Krebs cycle) don samin kuzari don samar da makamashi. Coenzyme A (CoASH ko CoA) ya ƙunshi ƙungiyar β-mercaptoethylamine da ke da alaƙa da bitamin pantothenic acid (B5) ta hanyar haɗin amide da 3'-phosphorylated ADP. Acungiyar acetyl (wanda aka nuna a shuɗi a cikin zane-zane a hannun dama) na acetyl-CoA yana da alaƙa da maye gurbin sulfhydryl na ƙungiyar β-mercaptoethylamine. Wannan haɗin haɗin yanar gizon shine haɗin haɗin "babban makamashi", wanda ke da amsa musamman. Hydrolysis na haɗin thioester yana da ƙarfi (-31.5 kJ / mol).
Acetylfentanyl: Acetylfentanyl magani ne na maganin cutar opioid wanda yake analog na fentanyl. Nazarin ya kiyasta acetylfentanyl ya ninka sau goma sha biyar fiye da morphine. Ba a taɓa ba da lasisi don amfani da lafiya ba kuma a maimakon haka an sayar da shi azaman magani mai ƙira. An gano Acetylfentanyl a lokaci guda kamar fentanyl kanta kuma da wuya kawai aka ci karo da ita a haramtacciyar kasuwa a ƙarshen 1980s. Koyaya, a cikin 2013, 'yan sandan Kanada sun kame kilogram 3 na acetylfentanyl. A matsayin on-opioid agonist receptor, acetylfentanyl na iya aiki azaman madadin kai tsaye ga heroin ko wasu opioids. Illolin yau da kullun na analogs na fentanyl sun yi kama da na fentanyl kanta, waɗanda suka haɗa da ƙaiƙayi, jiri da kuma mummunan laulayin numfashi, wanda zai iya zama barazanar rai. Analogs na Fentanyl sun kashe ɗaruruwan mutane a duk faɗin Turai da tsohuwar jamhuriya ta Soviet tun lokacin da aka fara amfani da shi a Estonia a farkon 2000s, kuma sababbin abubuwan ci gaba suna ci gaba da bayyana.
Acetyl fluoride: Acetyl fluoride shine acyl halide tare da samfurin sunadarai CH 3 COF.
Acetylcarnitine: Acetyl- L -carnitine , ALCAR ko ALC , wani nau'in acetylated ne na L -carnitine. Jiki ne yake samar da shi, kodayake ana ɗaukarsa a matsayin ƙarin abincin. Acetylcarnitine ya karye a cikin jini ta hanyar plasma esterases zuwa carnitine wanda jiki ke amfani dashi don jigilar kayan mai a cikin mitochondria don lalacewa.
Acetylcarnitine: Acetyl- L -carnitine , ALCAR ko ALC , wani nau'in acetylated ne na L -carnitine. Jiki ne yake samar da shi, kodayake ana ɗaukarsa a matsayin ƙarin abincin. Acetylcarnitine ya karye a cikin jini ta hanyar plasma esterases zuwa carnitine wanda jiki ke amfani dashi don jigilar kayan mai a cikin mitochondria don lalacewa.
Acid anhydride: Acetic anhydride , ko ethanoic anhydride , shine mahaɗan sunadarai tare da dabara (CH 3 CO) 2 O. A taƙaice Ac 2 O, shi ne mafi sauƙi isolable anhydride na carboxylic acid kuma ana amfani dashi sosai azaman reagent a cikin kwayoyin halitta. Ruwa ne mara launi mara ƙanshi wanda yake da ƙamshi mai ƙarfi na acid acetic, wanda aka samar dashi ta hanyar aikin shi tare da danshi a cikin iska.
Acetyl kunna enzyme: Acetyl kunna enzyme na iya koma zuwa: Acetyl-CoA synthetase, enzyme Dogon sarkar-mai-mai-acid-CoA ligase, enzyme
Acetaldehyde: Acetaldehyde (na tsari mai suna ethanal ) mahaɗin sinadarai ne wanda yake da tsari mai taken CH 3 CHO, wani lokacin kuma masana masu hada magunguna ke yanke shi a matsayin MeCHO (Me = methyl). Yana daya daga cikin mahimman aldehydes, wanda ke faruwa a cikin yanayi kuma ana samar dashi akan sikelin masana'antu. Acetaldehyde na faruwa ne ta asali a cikin kofi, burodi, da fruita fruitan itace cikakke, kuma tsire-tsire ne ke samar da su. Hakanan ana samar dashi ta hanyar rarrabawar ethanol ta hanta enzyme barasa dehydrogenase kuma yana haifar da dalilin haifar da maye bayan shan giya. Hanyoyi masu dauke da cutar sun hada da iska, ruwa, kasa, ko ruwan karkashin kasa, da kuma sha da hayaki. Amfani da disulfiram yana hana acetaldehyde dehydrogenase, enzyme da ke da alhakin maganin kumburi na acetaldehyde, don haka ya haifar da shi cikin jiki.
Acetozone: Acetozone wani nau'in peroxide ne wanda yake da karfi.
Acetyl bromide: Acetyl bromide wani sinadari ne na acyl bromide. Kamar yadda ake tsammani, ana iya shirya ta ta hanyar aiki tsakanin phosphorus tribromide da acid acetic: 3 CH 3 COOH + PBr 3 → 3 CH 3 COBr + H 3 KYAUTA 3
Acetylcarnitine: Acetyl- L -carnitine , ALCAR ko ALC , wani nau'in acetylated ne na L -carnitine. Jiki ne yake samar da shi, kodayake ana ɗaukarsa a matsayin ƙarin abincin. Acetylcarnitine ya karye a cikin jini ta hanyar plasma esterases zuwa carnitine wanda jiki ke amfani dashi don jigilar kayan mai a cikin mitochondria don lalacewa.
Acetylcarnosine: N -Acetylcarnosine ( NAC ) wani yanayi ne mai haɗari wanda yake da alaƙa da carnosine dipeptide. Tsarin kwayoyin NAC yayi kama da carnosine banda cewa yana ɗauke da ƙarin ƙungiyar acetyl. Acetylation yana sanya NAC ya zama mai jure lalacewa ta carnosinase, enzyme wanda ke lalata carnosine zuwa ga amino acid, beta-alanine da histidine.
Ungiyar Acetyl: A cikin ilmin sunadarai, acetyl wani yanki ne, acyl tare da tsarin sunadarai CH 3 CO. Wani lokaci ana wakiltar shi da alamar Ac (kada a rude shi da sinadarin actinium).
Acetyl chloride: Acetyl chloride (CH 3 COCl) shine acyl chloride wanda aka samo daga acid acetic. Yana cikin rukunin mahaɗan ƙwayoyin cuta waɗanda ake kira acyl halides. Ruwa ne mara launi, lalatacce, mai canzawa.
Acetylcholine: Acetylcholine ( ACh ) wani sinadari ne wanda yake aiki a kwakwalwa da jikin nau'ikan dabbobi da yawa azaman neurotransmitter-sakonnin sinadarai da kwayoyin jijiyoyin ke fitarwa don aika sigina zuwa wasu kwayoyin, kamar su jijiyoyi, kwayoyin tsoka da kwayoyin gland. Sunanta ya samo asali ne daga tsarin sunadarai: shine ester na acetic acid da choline. Sassan cikin jiki da suke amfani da su ko suke shafar acetylcholine ana kiran su cholinergic. Abubuwan da ke haɓaka ko rage ayyukan gabaɗaya na tsarin cholinergic ana kiran su cholinergics da anticholinergics, bi da bi.
Acetyl-CoA: | C 23 H 38 N 7 Ya 17 P 3 S | - | Yawan bakin | 809.57 g · mol −1 | - | Sashe na 3 = | Sashe na 4 = | Sashe na 5 = | Sashe na 6 =}} Acetyl-CoA ( acetyl coenzyme A ) kwayar halitta ce wacce ke shiga cikin halayen biochemical da yawa a cikin furotin, carbohydrate da lipid metabolism. Babban aikinta shine isar da rukunin acetyl zuwa zagayen citric acid (Krebs cycle) don samin kuzari don samar da makamashi. Coenzyme A (CoASH ko CoA) ya ƙunshi ƙungiyar β-mercaptoethylamine da ke da alaƙa da bitamin pantothenic acid (B5) ta hanyar haɗin amide da 3'-phosphorylated ADP. Acungiyar acetyl (wanda aka nuna a shuɗi a cikin zane-zane a hannun dama) na acetyl-CoA yana da alaƙa da maye gurbin sulfhydryl na ƙungiyar β-mercaptoethylamine. Wannan haɗin haɗin yanar gizon shine haɗin haɗin "babban makamashi", wanda ke da amsa musamman. Hydrolysis na haɗin thioester yana da ƙarfi (-31.5 kJ / mol).
Acetyl-CoA carboxylase: Acetyl-CoA carboxylase ( ACC ) enzyme ne mai dogaro da kwayar halitta wanda ke haifar da karboxylation na acetyl-CoA wanda ba za a iya sakewa ba don samar da malonyl-CoA ta cikin ayyukansa guda biyu, biotin carboxylase (BC) da carboxyltransferase (CT). ACC babban enzyme ne mai yawa a cikin yawancin prokaryotes kuma a cikin chloroplasts na mafi yawan shuke-shuke da algae, alhali kuwa babban enzyme ne mai yawa, a cikin cytoplasm na yawancin eukaryotes. Mafi mahimmancin aiki na ACC shine samar da malonyl-CoA substrate na biosynthesis na ƙwayoyin mai. Ayyukan ACC ana iya sarrafa su a matakin rubuce-rubuce kazalika ta ƙananan modan kwayoyi masu juzu'i da gyare-gyaren haɗin gwiwa. Kwayar halittar mutum tana dauke da kwayoyin halittar ACC guda biyu - ACACA da ACACB .
Acetyl-CoA: | C 23 H 38 N 7 Ya 17 P 3 S | - | Yawan bakin | 809.57 g · mol −1 | - | Sashe na 3 = | Sashe na 4 = | Sashe na 5 = | Sashe na 6 =}} Acetyl-CoA ( acetyl coenzyme A ) kwayar halitta ce wacce ke shiga cikin halayen biochemical da yawa a cikin furotin, carbohydrate da lipid metabolism. Babban aikinta shine isar da rukunin acetyl zuwa zagayen citric acid (Krebs cycle) don samin kuzari don samar da makamashi. Coenzyme A (CoASH ko CoA) ya ƙunshi ƙungiyar β-mercaptoethylamine da ke da alaƙa da bitamin pantothenic acid (B5) ta hanyar haɗin amide da 3'-phosphorylated ADP. Acungiyar acetyl (wanda aka nuna a shuɗi a cikin zane-zane a hannun dama) na acetyl-CoA yana da alaƙa da maye gurbin sulfhydryl na ƙungiyar β-mercaptoethylamine. Wannan haɗin haɗin yanar gizon shine haɗin haɗin "babban makamashi", wanda ke da amsa musamman. Hydrolysis na haɗin thioester yana da ƙarfi (-31.5 kJ / mol).
Acetyl-CoA carboxylase: Acetyl-CoA carboxylase ( ACC ) enzyme ne mai dogaro da kwayar halitta wanda ke haifar da karboxylation na acetyl-CoA wanda ba za a iya sakewa ba don samar da malonyl-CoA ta cikin ayyukansa guda biyu, biotin carboxylase (BC) da carboxyltransferase (CT). ACC babban enzyme ne mai yawa a cikin yawancin prokaryotes kuma a cikin chloroplasts na mafi yawan shuke-shuke da algae, alhali kuwa babban enzyme ne mai yawa, a cikin cytoplasm na yawancin eukaryotes. Mafi mahimmancin aiki na ACC shine samar da malonyl-CoA substrate na biosynthesis na ƙwayoyin mai. Ayyukan ACC ana iya sarrafa su a matakin rubuce-rubuce kazalika ta ƙananan modan kwayoyi masu juzu'i da gyare-gyaren haɗin gwiwa. Kwayar halittar mutum tana dauke da kwayoyin halittar ACC guda biyu - ACACA da ACACB .
Acetyl-CoA: | C 23 H 38 N 7 Ya 17 P 3 S | - | Yawan bakin | 809.57 g · mol −1 | - | Sashe na 3 = | Sashe na 4 = | Sashe na 5 = | Sashe na 6 =}} Acetyl-CoA ( acetyl coenzyme A ) kwayar halitta ce wacce ke shiga cikin halayen biochemical da yawa a cikin furotin, carbohydrate da lipid metabolism. Babban aikinta shine isar da rukunin acetyl zuwa zagayen citric acid (Krebs cycle) don samin kuzari don samar da makamashi. Coenzyme A (CoASH ko CoA) ya ƙunshi ƙungiyar β-mercaptoethylamine da ke da alaƙa da bitamin pantothenic acid (B5) ta hanyar haɗin amide da 3'-phosphorylated ADP. Acungiyar acetyl (wanda aka nuna a shuɗi a cikin zane-zane a hannun dama) na acetyl-CoA yana da alaƙa da maye gurbin sulfhydryl na ƙungiyar β-mercaptoethylamine. Wannan haɗin haɗin yanar gizon shine haɗin haɗin "babban makamashi", wanda ke da amsa musamman. Hydrolysis na haɗin thioester yana da ƙarfi (-31.5 kJ / mol).
Acetyl cyanide: Acetyl cyanide wani sinadari ne wanda ya ƙunshi duka nitrile da ƙungiyar aikin carbonyl. Sabili da haka, kwayar ta fada cikin rukunin cyanide kuma saboda kasancewar hadadden carbon nitrogen sau uku. Wannan kwayar tana daga cikin acyl cyanide family.
Acetylcysteine: Acetylcysteine , wanda aka fi sani da N -acetylcysteine ( NAC ), magani ne wanda ake amfani da shi don magance paracetamol (acetaminophen) wuce gona da iri, da kuma sassauta laka mai kauri a cikin mutane masu fama da cututtukan bronchopulmonary na yau da kullun kamar ciwon huhu da mashako. Ana iya ɗauke shi ta hanji, ta baki, ko kuma shaƙa kamar hazo. Wasu mutane suna amfani da shi azaman abincin abincin.
Acetyl fluoride: Acetyl fluoride shine acyl halide tare da samfurin sunadarai CH 3 COF.
Acetate na Geranyl: Geranyl acetate wani nau'in halitta ne wanda aka kera shi azaman monoterpene. Ruwa ne maras launi tare da kyawawan furanni ko frua rosean itace ƙanshi mai ƙanshi. Ruwanta mai lanƙwasa yana da launin rawaya kaɗan. Geranyl acetate ba shi narkewa cikin ruwa, amma mai narkewa a cikin wasu abubuwa masu narkewa kamar giya da mai.
Factor-kunnawa platelet: Abinda ke kunna platelet , wanda aka fi sani da PAF , PAF-acether ko AGEPC (acetyl-glyceryl-ether-phosphorylcholine), shine mai ƙarfin kunnawa na phospholipid da matsakanci na yawancin ayyukan leukocyte, tara platelet da degranulation, kumburi, da anaphylaxis. Hakanan yana cikin canje-canje ga tasirin jijiyoyin jini, fashewar kwayar cuta, chemotaxis na leukocytes, kazalika da haɓaka arachidonic acid metabolism a cikin phagocytes.
Ungiyar Acetyl: A cikin ilmin sunadarai, acetyl wani yanki ne, acyl tare da tsarin sunadarai CH 3 CO. Wani lokaci ana wakiltar shi da alamar Ac (kada a rude shi da sinadarin actinium).
Acetyl maganin hoto-3: Acetyl hexapeptide-3 ko acetyl hexapeptide-8 wani sinadarin anti-wrinkle ne na kayan shafawa. Yana da peptide wanda shine guntu na SNAP-25, mai ƙwayar botulinum toxin ( Botox ). Acetyl hexapeptide-8 an sayar dashi ne a matsayin Argireline ta hanyar dakin binciken bincike na Barcelona dake Lipotec.
Tsarin: Acamprosate , wanda aka siyar a ƙarƙashin sunan suna Campral , magani ne da ake amfani dashi tare da yin nasiha don magance matsalar maye.
Peracetic acid: Peracetic acid (wanda aka fi sani da peroxyacetic acid , ko PAA ), mahadi ne tare da dabara mai taken CH 3 CO 3 H. Wannan sinadarin peroxide na ruwa ba shi da launi tare da halayyar ƙamshi mai kama da yanayin acetic acid. Zai iya zama lalatacce sosai.
Acetic acid: Acetic acid , wanda aka sanya masa suna ethanoic acid , wani hadadden ruwa ne mara launi tare da sanadarin sunadarai CH 3 COOH (shima an rubuta shi CH 3 CO 2 H, C 2 H 4 O 2 , ko HC 2 H 3 O 2 ). Lokacin da ba a narke shi, wani lokacin ana kiransa glacial acetic acid . Vinegar ba ta gaza kashi huɗu cikin ɗari acetic ba ta hanyar girma, yana mai da acetic acid shine babban ɓangaren vinegar banda ruwa. Acetic acid yana da ɗanɗano mai ɗanɗano da ƙamshi mai ƙamshi. Baya ga ruwan inabi na gida, yawanci ana samar dashi azaman share fage na polyvinyl acetate da cellulose acetate. An rarraba shi azaman acid mai rauni tunda kawai yana rarraba ne kawai a cikin bayani, amma mai da hankali acetic acid yana lalata kuma yana iya lalata fata.
Acetyl iodide: Acetyl iodide wani mahadi ne na organoiodine tare da dabara mai taken CH 3 COI. Ruwa ne mara launi. An samo asali ne daga acid acetic. Kodayake ya kasance mafi ƙanƙanta a cikin dakin gwaje-gwaje fiye da acetyl bromide da acetyl chloride, ana samar da acetyl iodide, aƙalla aƙalla, akan mizani mafi girma fiye da kowane nau'in halide acid. Musamman, ana samar dashi ta hanyar carbonylation na methyl iodide a cikin ayyukan Cativa da Monsanto waɗanda sune manyan hanyar masana'antu zuwa acetic acid. Hakanan matsakaici ne a cikin samar da anhydride acetic daga methyl acetate.
Sinadarin Thioglycolic: Thioglycolic acid ( TGA ) shine haɗin HSCH 2 CO 2 H. TGA ana kiranta mercaptoacetic acid (MAA). Ya ƙunshi duka thiol (mercaptan) da ƙungiyoyin aiki na carboxylic acid. Ruwa ne mara launi tare da ƙamshi mai ƙarancin ƙarfi. TGA miscible ne tare da polar kwayoyin solvents.
Bromoacetone: Bromoacetone mahadi ne tare da dabara mai taken CH 3 COCH 2 Br. Wannan ruwan da ba shi da launi ba wakili ne na lachrymatory kuma share fage ne ga sauran mahaukatan kwayoyin.
Acetoin: Acetoin , wanda aka fi sani da 3-hydroxybutanone ko acetyl methyl carbinol , haɗuwa ce da ake amfani da ita tare da tsarin CH 3 CH (OH) C (O) CH 3 . Ruwa ne mara launi mara daɗi, da ƙamshi mai ƙamshi. Yana da chiral Sigar da kwayoyin ke samarwa ita ce ( R ) -acetoin.
Acetyl nitrate: Acetyl nitrate shine asalin halitta tare da dabara CH 3 C (O) ONO 2 . An rarraba shi azaman anhydride mai haɗakar nitric da acid acetic. Ruwa ne mai fashewa mara launi wanda yake tururuwa a cikin iska mai danshi.
Acid anhydride: Acetic anhydride , ko ethanoic anhydride , shine mahaɗan sunadarai tare da dabara (CH 3 CO) 2 O. A taƙaice Ac 2 O, shi ne mafi sauƙi isolable anhydride na carboxylic acid kuma ana amfani dashi sosai azaman reagent a cikin kwayoyin halitta. Ruwa ne mara launi mara ƙanshi wanda yake da ƙamshi mai ƙarfi na acid acetic, wanda aka samar dashi ta hanyar aikin shi tare da danshi a cikin iska.
Peracetic acid: Peracetic acid (wanda aka fi sani da peroxyacetic acid , ko PAA ), mahadi ne tare da dabara mai taken CH 3 CO 3 H. Wannan sinadarin peroxide na ruwa ba shi da launi tare da halayyar ƙamshi mai kama da yanayin acetic acid. Zai iya zama lalatacce sosai.
Acetate na Phenyl: Phenyl acetate shine ester na phenol da acetic acid. Ana iya samar dashi ta hanyar decarboxylation na asfirin ko ta hanyar amsa phenol tare da acetic anhydride ko acetyl chloride.
Acecainide: Acecainide magani ne na antiarrhythmic. A kullun, shine N -acetylated metabolite na procainamide. Yana da wakili na rigakafin aji na III, yayin da procainamide magani ne na Class Ia antiarrhythmic. Yana aiki ne kawai azaman yana aiki kamar procainamide; lokacin bincika matakan, duka dole ne a haɗa su cikin lissafin ƙarshe.
2-Pentanone: 2-Pentanone ko methyl propyl ketone ( MPK ) shine ketone da sauran ƙarfi na ƙananan mahimmanci. Ya yi daidai da methyl ethyl ketone, amma yana da ƙananan kaushi kuma ya fi tsada. Yana faruwa ne ta dabi'a a cikin Nicotiana tabacum (Taba) da shuɗi mai shuɗi azaman kayan haɓakar haɓakar ƙwayar Penicillium .
Acetylpropionyl: Acetylpropionyl , wanda aka fi sani da acetyl propionyl ko 2,3-pentanedione , haɗin mahaɗan ne, musamman diketone.
Asfirin: Asfirin , wanda aka fi sani da acetylsalicylic acid ( ASA ), magani ne da ake amfani dashi don rage zafi, zazzabi, ko kumburi. Yanayi na musamman wanda ake amfani da asfirin don magance shi sun haɗa da cutar Kawasaki, pericarditis, da zazzaɓin zazzaɓi. Asfirin da aka bayar jim kadan bayan ciwon zuciya yana rage haɗarin mutuwa. Ana amfani da asfirin na dogon lokaci don taimakawa hana ƙarin bugun zuciya, shanyewar ƙwayoyin cuta, da kuma daskarewar jini a cikin mutanen da ke cikin haɗari. Hakanan yana iya rage haɗarin wasu nau'ikan cutar kansa, musamman sankarar kansa. Don ciwo ko zazzaɓi, sakamakon yakan fara ne tsakanin minti 30. Asfirin magani ne mai kashe kumburi (NSAID) kuma yana aiki daidai da sauran NSAIDs amma kuma yana hana aikin platelets na yau da kullun.
Asfirin: Asfirin , wanda aka fi sani da acetylsalicylic acid ( ASA ), magani ne da ake amfani dashi don rage zafi, zazzabi, ko kumburi. Yanayi na musamman wanda ake amfani da asfirin don magance shi sun haɗa da cutar Kawasaki, pericarditis, da zazzaɓin zazzaɓi. Asfirin da aka bayar jim kadan bayan ciwon zuciya yana rage haɗarin mutuwa. Ana amfani da asfirin na dogon lokaci don taimakawa hana ƙarin bugun zuciya, shanyewar ƙwayoyin cuta, da kuma daskarewar jini a cikin mutanen da ke cikin haɗari. Hakanan yana iya rage haɗarin wasu nau'ikan cutar kansa, musamman sankarar kansa. Don ciwo ko zazzaɓi, sakamakon yakan fara ne tsakanin minti 30. Asfirin magani ne mai kashe kumburi (NSAID) kuma yana aiki daidai da sauran NSAIDs amma kuma yana hana aikin platelets na yau da kullun.
Acetyltributylcitrat: Acetyltributylcitrate wani fili ne wanda ake amfani dashi azaman filastik. Kamar wannan, yana da damar maye gurbin DEHP da DINP. Ruwa ne mara launi wanda yake narkewa a cikin ƙwayoyin halitta. Ana samun sa a goge ƙusa da sauran kayan shafawa. An shirya shi ta hanyar ƙaddamar da ƙwayar cuta.
Acetoacetanilide: Acetoacetanilide wani sinadari ne mai hade da tsari mai kyau CH 3 C (O) CH 2 C (O) NHC 6 H 5 . Wannan shine sanadarin acetoacetamide na aniline. Fari ne mai ƙarfi wanda ba shi narkewa cikin ruwa. Shi da mahaɗan da yawa masu alaƙa (waɗanda aka shirya daga abubuwa daban-daban na aniline) ana amfani da su wajen samar da ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyi waɗanda ake kira arylide yellows.
Acid anhydride: Acetic anhydride , ko ethanoic anhydride , shine mahaɗan sunadarai tare da dabara (CH 3 CO) 2 O. A taƙaice Ac 2 O, shi ne mafi sauƙi isolable anhydride na carboxylic acid kuma ana amfani dashi sosai azaman reagent a cikin kwayoyin halitta. Ruwa ne mara launi mara ƙanshi wanda yake da ƙamshi mai ƙarfi na acid acetic, wanda aka samar dashi ta hanyar aikin shi tare da danshi a cikin iska.
Acetylacetone: Acetylacetone mahadi ne na tsari tare da dabara CH 3 COCH 2 COCH 3 . Ruwa ne mara launi, wanda aka sanya shi azaman 1,3-diketone. Ya wanzu cikin daidaito tare da mai ɗaukar hoto CH 3 C (O) CH = C (OH) CH 3 . Wadannan tautomers suna canzawa cikin sauri a karkashin mafi yawan yanayin da ake kula dasu azaman mahadi daya a mafi yawan aikace-aikace. Ruwa ne mara launi mara tushe wanda yake share fage ne ga acetylacetonate anion (yawanci gajarta acac - ), ligand mai kamala. Har ila yau, tubalin gini ne don hada mahaɗan heterocyclic.
Karfe acetylacetonates: Karfe acetylacetonates hadaddun tsarin aiki ne wanda aka samu daga anion acetylacetonate ( CH 3 KYAUTATA - 3 ) da ions na ƙarfe, yawanci ƙarfe ne masu canzawa. Bidate ligand acetylacetonate galibi ana gajarta shi ne da Acac. Yawanci duka kwayoyin oxygen sunada karfi ga karfe don samar da zobe mai membered membobi shida. Gidaje mafi sauki suna da tsarin M (acac) 3 da M (acac) 2 . Hadaddun mahaɗa-ligand, misali VO (acac) 2 , suma suna da yawa. Hakanan an haɓaka bambance-bambancen acetylacetonate tare da dubunnan maye gurbin methyl (RCOCHCOR ′ - ). Yawancin irin waɗannan rukunin gidaje suna narkewa a cikin ƙwayoyin halitta, ya bambanta da haɗarin ƙarfe masu alaƙa. Saboda waɗannan kaddarorin, ana amfani da hadaddun Acac a wasu lokuta azaman masu ƙarancin haɓaka da reagents. Aikace-aikacen sun haɗa da amfani da su azaman NMR "matsawa masu sake sauyawa" da kuma abubuwan haɓaka don haɗa ƙwayoyin halitta, da kuma magabata ga masana'antun samar da ruwa. C 5 H 7 Ya - 2 a wasu lokuta kuma yana ɗaure da ƙarafa ta atomatik na tsakiya; wannan yanayin haɗin yana da mahimmanci ga ƙarfe na uku masu canzawa kamar su platinum (II) da iridium (III).
Karfe acetylacetonates: Karfe acetylacetonates hadaddun tsarin aiki ne wanda aka samu daga anion acetylacetonate ( CH 3 KYAUTATA - 3 ) da ions na ƙarfe, yawanci ƙarfe ne masu canzawa. Bidate ligand acetylacetonate galibi ana gajarta shi ne da Acac. Yawanci duka kwayoyin oxygen sunada karfi ga karfe don samar da zobe mai membered membobi shida. Gidaje mafi sauki suna da tsarin M (acac) 3 da M (acac) 2 . Hadaddun mahaɗa-ligand, misali VO (acac) 2 , suma suna da yawa. Hakanan an haɓaka bambance-bambancen acetylacetonate tare da dubunnan maye gurbin methyl (RCOCHCOR ′ - ). Yawancin irin waɗannan rukunin gidaje suna narkewa a cikin ƙwayoyin halitta, ya bambanta da haɗarin ƙarfe masu alaƙa. Saboda waɗannan kaddarorin, ana amfani da hadaddun Acac a wasu lokuta azaman masu ƙarancin haɓaka da reagents. Aikace-aikacen sun haɗa da amfani da su azaman NMR "matsawa masu sake sauyawa" da kuma abubuwan haɓaka don haɗa ƙwayoyin halitta, da kuma magabata ga masana'antun samar da ruwa. C 5 H 7 Ya - 2 a wasu lokuta kuma yana ɗaure da ƙarafa ta atomatik na tsakiya; wannan yanayin haɗin yana da mahimmanci ga ƙarfe na uku masu canzawa kamar su platinum (II) da iridium (III).
Karfe acetylacetonates: Karfe acetylacetonates hadaddun tsarin aiki ne wanda aka samu daga anion acetylacetonate ( CH 3 KYAUTATA - 3 ) da ions na ƙarfe, yawanci ƙarfe ne masu canzawa. Bidate ligand acetylacetonate galibi ana gajarta shi ne da Acac. Yawanci duka kwayoyin oxygen sunada karfi ga karfe don samar da zobe mai membered membobi shida. Gidaje mafi sauki suna da tsarin M (acac) 3 da M (acac) 2 . Hadaddun mahaɗa-ligand, misali VO (acac) 2 , suma suna da yawa. Hakanan an haɓaka bambance-bambancen acetylacetonate tare da dubunnan maye gurbin methyl (RCOCHCOR ′ - ). Yawancin irin waɗannan rukunin gidaje suna narkewa a cikin ƙwayoyin halitta, ya bambanta da haɗarin ƙarfe masu alaƙa. Saboda waɗannan kaddarorin, ana amfani da hadaddun Acac a wasu lokuta azaman masu ƙarancin haɓaka da reagents. Aikace-aikacen sun haɗa da amfani da su azaman NMR "matsawa masu sake sauyawa" da kuma abubuwan haɓaka don haɗa ƙwayoyin halitta, da kuma magabata ga masana'antun samar da ruwa. C 5 H 7 Ya - 2 a wasu lokuta kuma yana ɗaure da ƙarafa ta atomatik na tsakiya; wannan yanayin haɗin yana da mahimmanci ga ƙarfe na uku masu canzawa kamar su platinum (II) da iridium (III).
Dicarbonyl (acetylacetonato) rhodium (I): Dicarbonyl (acetylacetonato) rhodium (I) haɗuwa ce ta organorhodium tare da dabara Rh (O 2 C 5 H 7 ) (CO) 2 . Gidan ya ƙunshi ligands biyu na CO da acetylacetonate. Solidaƙƙarfan kore ne mai duhu wanda yake narkewa cikin acetone da benzene. An yi amfani da mahaɗin a matsayin share fage na masu haɓaka masu kama da juna.
Acetylacetone: Acetylacetone mahadi ne na tsari tare da dabara CH 3 COCH 2 COCH 3 . Ruwa ne mara launi, wanda aka sanya shi azaman 1,3-diketone. Ya wanzu cikin daidaito tare da mai ɗaukar hoto CH 3 C (O) CH = C (OH) CH 3 . Wadannan tautomers suna canzawa cikin sauri a karkashin mafi yawan yanayin da ake kula dasu azaman mahadi daya a mafi yawan aikace-aikace. Ruwa ne mara launi mara tushe wanda yake share fage ne ga acetylacetonate anion (yawanci gajarta acac - ), ligand mai kamala. Har ila yau, tubalin gini ne don hada mahaɗan heterocyclic.
Acetylacetone-cinye enzyme: A cikin enzymology, acetylacetone-cleaving enzyme (EC 1.13.11.50 ) enzyme ne wanda ke haifar da tasirin sinadarai pentane-2,4-dione + Ya 2 acetate + 2-oxopropanal
Acetylacetone-cinye enzyme: A cikin enzymology, acetylacetone-cleaving enzyme (EC 1.13.11.50 ) enzyme ne wanda ke haifar da tasirin sinadarai pentane-2,4-dione + Ya 2 acetate + 2-oxopropanal
Daunorubicin: Daunorubicin , wanda aka fi sani daunomycin , magani ne na kula da ƙwayar cuta wanda ake amfani dashi don magance ciwon daji. Musamman ana amfani dashi don cutar sankarar myeloid mai tsanani (AML), cutar sankarar bargo ta lymphocytic (ALL), cutar sankarar myelogenous mai ɗorewa (CML), da sarcoma ta Kaposi. Ana amfani dashi ta hanyar allura a jijiya. Tsarin liposomal da aka sani da daunorubicin liposomal shima yana wanzu.
Acetylajmaline esterase: Acetylajmaline esterase (EC 3.1.1.80 , AAE , 2beta (R) -17-O-acetylajmalan: acetylesterase , acetylajmalan esterase ) enzyme ne mai suna mai tsari 17-O-acetylajmaline O-acetylhydrolase . Wannan enzyme din yana sarrafa wadannan sinadarai masu zuwa (1) 17-Ya-acetylajmaline + H 2 Ya ajmaline + acetate (2) 17-Ya-acetylnorajmaline + H 2 Ya norajmaline + acetate
Acetylajmaline esterase: Acetylajmaline esterase (EC 3.1.1.80 , AAE , 2beta (R) -17-O-acetylajmalan: acetylesterase , acetylajmalan esterase ) enzyme ne mai suna mai tsari 17-O-acetylajmaline O-acetylhydrolase . Wannan enzyme din yana sarrafa wadannan sinadarai masu zuwa (1) 17-Ya-acetylajmaline + H 2 Ya ajmaline + acetate (2) 17-Ya-acetylnorajmaline + H 2 Ya norajmaline + acetate
Acetaldehyde: Acetaldehyde (na tsari mai suna ethanal ) mahaɗin sinadarai ne wanda yake da tsari mai taken CH 3 CHO, wani lokacin kuma masana masu hada magunguna ke yanke shi a matsayin MeCHO (Me = methyl). Yana daya daga cikin mahimman aldehydes, wanda ke faruwa a cikin yanayi kuma ana samar dashi akan sikelin masana'antu. Acetaldehyde na faruwa ne ta asali a cikin kofi, burodi, da fruita fruitan itace cikakke, kuma tsire-tsire ne ke samar da su. Hakanan ana samar dashi ta hanyar rarrabawar ethanol ta hanta enzyme barasa dehydrogenase kuma yana haifar da dalilin haifar da maye bayan shan giya. Hanyoyi masu dauke da cutar sun hada da iska, ruwa, kasa, ko ruwan karkashin kasa, da kuma sha da hayaki. Amfani da disulfiram yana hana acetaldehyde dehydrogenase, enzyme da ke da alhakin maganin kumburi na acetaldehyde, don haka ya haifar da shi cikin jiki.
Acetylalkylglycerol acetylhydrolase: A cikin enzymology, acetylalkylglycerol acetylhydrolase (EC 3.1.1.71 ) enzyme ne wanda ke haifar da tasirin sinadarai 2-acetyl-1-alkyl-sn-glycerol + H 2 Ya 1-alkyl-sn-glycerol + acetate
Acetanilide: Acetanilide wani sinadari ne mai ƙanshin ƙanshi na ganye ko kamannin flake. An kuma san shi da suna N -phenylacetamide , acetanil , ko acetanilid , kuma an san shi da sunan kasuwanci na Antifebrin .
2-Acetylaminofluorene: 2-Acetylaminofluorene shine kwayar cutar kanjamau da mutagenic ta fluorene. Ana amfani dashi azaman kayan aikin biochemical a cikin nazarin sankara. Yana haifar da ciwace-ciwace a cikin wasu nau'ikan cikin hanta, mafitsara da koda. Canjin yanayin wannan mahadi a jiki ta hanyar halayyar halitta shine mabuɗin cutar kansa. 2-AAF shine keɓaɓɓen enzyme na cytochrome P-450 (CYP), wanda wani ɓangare ne na babban dangi wanda aka samo a kusan dukkanin kwayoyin. Wannan aikin yana haifar da samuwar hydroxyacetylaminofluorene wanda shine makusancin carcinogen kuma ya fi karfin kwayar mahaifa. N -hydroxy metabolite yana samun sauye-sauye da yawa na enzymatic da ba enzymatic. Zai iya zama O-acetylated ta hanyar cytosolic N-acetyltransferase enzyme don samar da N -acetyl- N -acetoxyaminofluorene . Wannan tsaka-tsakin na iya sake shiryawa ba tare da bata lokaci ba don samar da ion arylamidonium da ion carbonium wanda zai iya hulɗa kai tsaye tare da DNA don samar da haɓakar DNA. Baya ga esterification ta hanyar acetylation, da N -hydroxy wanda zai iya zama O -sulfated by cytosolic sulfur transferase enzyme wanda ke haifar da samfurin N -acetyl- N -sulfoxy.
Grayanotoxin: Grayanotoxins rukuni ne masu alaƙa da kututtukan neurotoxins waɗanda aka laƙabawa bayan Leucothoe grayana , tsire-tsire wanda yake asalin ƙasar Japan ne wanda asalin sa sunansa shine karni na 19 dan Amurka mai suna Asa Gray. Grayanotoxin I ana kuma san shi da inromedotoxin , acetylandromedol , rhodotoxin da asebotoxin . Grayanotoxins ana samar dasu ne ta nau'in Rhododendron da wasu tsirrai a cikin dangin Ericaceae. Ruwan zuma da aka yi shi daga nectar don haka yana ɗauke da fure na waɗannan tsire-tsire kuma ya ƙunshi grayanotoxins kuma ana kiransa da zuma mahaukaci . Amfani da tsire-tsire ko kowane irin kayansa na biyu, gami da zuma mahaukaci, na iya haifar da dafi mai saurin guba da ake kira guban grayanotoxin, cututtukan zuma mahaukaci, maye mai saƙar zuma, ko guban rhododendron. Ana yawan samar dashi kuma ana cinye shi a yankuna na Nepal da Turkiyya azaman magani na nishaɗi da kuma maganin gargajiya.
Acetanisole: Acetanisole wani sinadari ne mai daɗin ƙamshi tare da ƙanshin da aka bayyana a matsayin mai daɗi, frua ,an itace, goro, kuma yayi kama da vanilla. Bugu da kari Acetanisole na iya warin wani lokacin kamar man shanu ko karam.
N-Acetylanthranilic acid: N -Acetylanthranilic acid wani sinadari ne mai hade da tsarin kwayoyin C 9 H 9 NO 3 . Yana da matsakaici samfurin a cikin catabolism na quinaldine a cikin Arthrobacter sp. , kuma an ƙara inganta shi zuwa anthranilic acid.
Acetyltransferase: Acetyltransferase wani nau'in enzyme ne wanda ake canza shi wanda yake canza wurin kungiyar acetyl.
N-Acetylaspartic acid: N -Acetylaspartic acid , ko N -acetylaspartate ( NAA ), wani nau'ine ne na aspartic acid tare da dabara na C 6 H 9 NO 5 da nauyin kwayoyin 175.139.
Ungiyar Acetyl: A cikin ilmin sunadarai, acetyl wani yanki ne, acyl tare da tsarin sunadarai CH 3 CO. Wani lokaci ana wakiltar shi da alamar Ac (kada a rude shi da sinadarin actinium).
Acetylation: Acetylation shine haɓakar esterification tare da acid acetic. Yana gabatar da ƙungiyar aikin acetyl a cikin mahaɗin sinadarai. Irin waɗannan mahaɗan ana kiransu estet acetate ko acetates. Deacetylation shine akasin aikin, cire ƙungiyar acetyl daga mahaɗin sunadarai.
Acetylated distarch adipate: Acetylated distarch adipate (E1422), sitaci ne wanda ake shayar dashi tare da anhydride acetic da adipic acid anhydride don tsayayya da yanayin zafi mai yawa. Ana amfani dashi a cikin abinci azaman wakilin bulking, stabilizer da thickener.
Barasa mai lanolin acetylated: Barasar lanolin ta Acetylated wani sinadari ne wanda ba ya bushewa da aka samar daga lanolin, kitse na aski, wanda aka yi amfani da acid acetic da karamin lye. Akwai bambance-bambancen roba da ke akwai; duk da haka, samfurin da aka samo daga dabba yana da ƙarin halayen anti-allergenic. Ana amfani da giya mai narkewar sinadarin Acetylated lanolin a matsayin mai kara kuzari, don tausasa fata, amma yana da sauki a hade, tare da kimantawa 0-2 cikin 5. Saboda wannan, wadanda suke da saurin larurar fata da baki suna yin facin gwaji kafin amfani da shi a babban sikelin . Hakanan barasar lanolin mai narkewa yana iya zama mai kumburi ga waɗanda suke da larurar laolin ko lanolin, kuma ya kamata a guji hakan.
Acetylated distarch adipate: Acetylated distarch adipate (E1422), sitaci ne wanda ake shayar dashi tare da anhydride acetic da adipic acid anhydride don tsayayya da yanayin zafi mai yawa. Ana amfani dashi a cikin abinci azaman wakilin bulking, stabilizer da thickener.
Acetylated narkewar phosphate Acetylated distarch phosphate , E1414 a cikin makircin lamba ta E na kayan karin abinci, shine ingantaccen sitaci. Wadannan ba sa shagaltar da ciki ta hanji, amma ana amfani da su sosai ta hanyar enzymes na hanji sannan kuma kwayar cutar ta microbiota na hanji.
Acetylated narkewar phosphate Acetylated distarch phosphate , E1414 a cikin makircin lamba ta E na kayan karin abinci, shine ingantaccen sitaci. Wadannan ba sa shagaltar da ciki ta hanji, amma ana amfani da su sosai ta hanyar enzymes na hanji sannan kuma kwayar cutar ta microbiota na hanji.
Barasa mai lanolin acetylated: Barasar lanolin ta Acetylated wani sinadari ne wanda ba ya bushewa da aka samar daga lanolin, kitse na aski, wanda aka yi amfani da acid acetic da karamin lye. Akwai bambance-bambancen roba da ke akwai; duk da haka, samfurin da aka samo daga dabba yana da ƙarin halayen anti-allergenic. Ana amfani da giya mai narkewar sinadarin Acetylated lanolin a matsayin mai kara kuzari, don tausasa fata, amma yana da sauki a hade, tare da kimantawa 0-2 cikin 5. Saboda wannan, wadanda suke da saurin larurar fata da baki suna yin facin gwaji kafin amfani da shi a babban sikelin . Hakanan barasar lanolin mai narkewa yana iya zama mai kumburi ga waɗanda suke da larurar laolin ko lanolin, kuma ya kamata a guji hakan.
Acetyllysine: Acetyllysine wani abu ne wanda ya samo asali daga amino acid lysine. Akwai nau'ikan siffofin acetyllysine - wannan labarin yana nufin N -ε-acetyl- L -lysine. Sauran nau'ikan shine N -α-acetyl- L -lysine.
Filastik: Filastik wani abu ne wanda aka sanya shi a cikin abu don ya zama mai laushi da sassauci, don kara yawan robobi, rage danko, ko rage tashin hankali yayin sarrafa shi yayin kerawa.
Acetylated sitaci: Acetylated sitaci , E1420 a cikin tsarin makirci na nau'ikan nau'ikan kayan abinci, ingantaccen sitaci ne. Wadannan ba sa shagaltar da ciki ta hanji, amma ana amfani da su sosai ta hanyar enzymes na hanji sannan kuma kwayar cutar ta microbiota na hanji.
Acetylation: Acetylation shine haɓakar esterification tare da acid acetic. Yana gabatar da ƙungiyar aikin acetyl a cikin mahaɗin sinadarai. Irin waɗannan mahaɗan ana kiransu estet acetate ko acetates. Deacetylation shine akasin aikin, cire ƙungiyar acetyl daga mahaɗin sunadarai.
Tarihin aconelation da deacetylation: Tarihin acetylation da deacetylation sune matakan da ragowar lysine a cikin wutsiyar N-terminal wanda ya fito daga asalin tarihin nucleosome ana acetylated da deacetylated a matsayin ɓangare na tsarin tsara halittu.
Acetylation: Acetylation shine haɓakar esterification tare da acid acetic. Yana gabatar da ƙungiyar aikin acetyl a cikin mahaɗin sinadarai. Irin waɗannan mahaɗan ana kiransu estet acetate ko acetates. Deacetylation shine akasin aikin, cire ƙungiyar acetyl daga mahaɗin sunadarai.
Acetophenone: Acetophenone shine mahaɗin tsari tare da dabara C 6 H 5 C (O) CH 3 (wanda kuma yake wakiltar alamun alamun ƙira na PhAc ko BzMe ). Shi ne mafi sauƙi mafi kyawun ƙamshi. Wannan mara launi, ruwa mai ɗanɗano ne mai share fage mai amfani da kamshi.
Acecarbromal: Acecarbromal (INN), wanda aka fi sani da acetylcarbromal da acetyladalin , magani ne mai kuzari da kwantar da hankali na ƙungiyar ureide (acylurea) da Bayer ta gano a cikin 1917 wacce aka siyar da ita a Amurka da Turai. Hakanan ana amfani dashi a haɗe tare da cirewa daga vebracho da bitamin E azaman magani don raunin rashin ƙarfi a ƙarƙashin sunan Afrodor a Turai. Acecarbromal yana da alaƙa ta tsari da barbiturates, waɗanda akasarinsu ureas ne ke hawa keke. Ba a ba da shawarar yin amfani da dogon lokaci ba saboda yana iya haifar da guba ta bromine.
Acetylcarnitine: Acetyl- L -carnitine , ALCAR ko ALC , wani nau'in acetylated ne na L -carnitine. Jiki ne yake samar da shi, kodayake ana ɗaukarsa a matsayin ƙarin abincin. Acetylcarnitine ya karye a cikin jini ta hanyar plasma esterases zuwa carnitine wanda jiki ke amfani dashi don jigilar kayan mai a cikin mitochondria don lalacewa.
Acetylcarnitine: Acetyl- L -carnitine , ALCAR ko ALC , wani nau'in acetylated ne na L -carnitine. Jiki ne yake samar da shi, kodayake ana ɗaukarsa a matsayin ƙarin abincin. Acetylcarnitine ya karye a cikin jini ta hanyar plasma esterases zuwa carnitine wanda jiki ke amfani dashi don jigilar kayan mai a cikin mitochondria don lalacewa.
Acetylcarnosine: N -Acetylcarnosine ( NAC ) wani yanayi ne mai haɗari wanda yake da alaƙa da carnosine dipeptide. Tsarin kwayoyin NAC yayi kama da carnosine banda cewa yana ɗauke da ƙarin ƙungiyar acetyl. Acetylation yana sanya NAC ya zama mai jure lalacewa ta carnosinase, enzyme wanda ke lalata carnosine zuwa ga amino acid, beta-alanine da histidine.
Acetylcholinesterase: Acetylcholinesterase , wanda aka fi sani da AChE ko acetylhydrolase , shine farkon cholinesterase a jiki. Yana da enzyme wanda ke haifar da lalacewar acetylcholine da kuma wasu ƙwararrun choster esters waɗanda ke aiki azaman neurotransmitters. Ana samun AChE a mafi yawan mahadar neuromuscular da kuma cikin synapses na sinadarai na nau'in cholinergic, inda ayyukanta ke kawo ƙarshen watsa synaptic. Ya kasance daga gidan carboxylesterase na enzymes. Ita ce babbar manufa ta hanawa ta mahaɗan organophosphorus kamar su wakilan jijiyoyi da magungunan ƙwari.
Acetyl chloride: Acetyl chloride (CH 3 COCl) shine acyl chloride wanda aka samo daga acid acetic. Yana cikin rukunin mahaɗan ƙwayoyin cuta waɗanda ake kira acyl halides. Ruwa ne mara launi, lalatacce, mai canzawa.
Acetylcholine: Acetylcholine ( ACh ) wani sinadari ne wanda yake aiki a kwakwalwa da jikin nau'ikan dabbobi da yawa azaman neurotransmitter-sakonnin sinadarai da kwayoyin jijiyoyin ke fitarwa don aika sigina zuwa wasu kwayoyin, kamar su jijiyoyi, kwayoyin tsoka da kwayoyin gland. Sunanta ya samo asali ne daga tsarin sunadarai: shine ester na acetic acid da choline. Sassan cikin jiki da suke amfani da su ko suke shafar acetylcholine ana kiran su cholinergic. Abubuwan da ke haɓaka ko rage ayyukan gabaɗaya na tsarin cholinergic ana kiran su cholinergics da anticholinergics, bi da bi.
Acetylcholine: Acetylcholine ( ACh ) wani sinadari ne wanda yake aiki a kwakwalwa da jikin nau'ikan dabbobi da yawa azaman neurotransmitter-sakonnin sinadarai da kwayoyin jijiyoyin ke fitarwa don aika sigina zuwa wasu kwayoyin, kamar su jijiyoyi, kwayoyin tsoka da kwayoyin gland. Sunanta ya samo asali ne daga tsarin sunadarai: shine ester na acetic acid da choline. Sassan cikin jiki da suke amfani da su ko suke shafar acetylcholine ana kiran su cholinergic. Abubuwan da ke haɓaka ko rage ayyukan gabaɗaya na tsarin cholinergic ana kiran su cholinergics da anticholinergics, bi da bi.
Acetylcholinesterase: Acetylcholinesterase , wanda aka fi sani da AChE ko acetylhydrolase , shine farkon cholinesterase a jiki. Yana da enzyme wanda ke haifar da lalacewar acetylcholine da kuma wasu ƙwararrun choster esters waɗanda ke aiki azaman neurotransmitters. Ana samun AChE a mafi yawan mahadar neuromuscular da kuma cikin synapses na sinadarai na nau'in cholinergic, inda ayyukanta ke kawo ƙarshen watsa synaptic. Ya kasance daga gidan carboxylesterase na enzymes. Ita ce babbar manufa ta hanawa ta mahaɗan organophosphorus kamar su wakilan jijiyoyi da magungunan ƙwari.
Acetylcholine: Acetylcholine ( ACh ) wani sinadari ne wanda yake aiki a kwakwalwa da jikin nau'ikan dabbobi da yawa azaman neurotransmitter-sakonnin sinadarai da kwayoyin jijiyoyin ke fitarwa don aika sigina zuwa wasu kwayoyin, kamar su jijiyoyi, kwayoyin tsoka da kwayoyin gland. Sunanta ya samo asali ne daga tsarin sunadarai: shine ester na acetic acid da choline. Sassan cikin jiki da suke amfani da su ko suke shafar acetylcholine ana kiran su cholinergic. Abubuwan da ke haɓaka ko rage ayyukan gabaɗaya na tsarin cholinergic ana kiran su cholinergics da anticholinergics, bi da bi.
Acetylcholinesterase: Acetylcholinesterase , wanda aka fi sani da AChE ko acetylhydrolase , shine farkon cholinesterase a jiki. Yana da enzyme wanda ke haifar da lalacewar acetylcholine da kuma wasu ƙwararrun choster esters waɗanda ke aiki azaman neurotransmitters. Ana samun AChE a mafi yawan mahadar neuromuscular da kuma cikin synapses na sinadarai na nau'in cholinergic, inda ayyukanta ke kawo ƙarshen watsa synaptic. Ya kasance daga gidan carboxylesterase na enzymes. Ita ce babbar manufa ta hanawa ta mahaɗan organophosphorus kamar su wakilan jijiyoyi da magungunan ƙwari.
Parasympathomimetic magani: Magungunan parasympathomimetic , wani lokacin ana kiransa cholinomimetic drug ko cholinergic receptor mai kara kuzari , wani sinadari ne wanda yake karfafa tsarin juyayi na rashin jin dadi (PSNS). Wadannan sunadarai ana kiransu kwayoyi masu kwaɗaɗɗu saboda acetylcholine (ACh) ita ce ƙwayar ƙwaƙwalwar da PSNS ke amfani da ita. Sinadarai a cikin wannan dangi na iya yin aiki kai tsaye ta hanyar motsa masu karɓa na nicotinic ko muscarinic, ko kuma kai tsaye ta hanyar hana cholinesterase, haɓaka fitowar acetylcholine, ko wasu hanyoyin.
Anticholinergic: Anticholinergics rukuni ne na abubuwa waɗanda ke toshe aikin mai karɓar kwayar halitta da ake kira acetylcholine (ACh) a synapses a cikin tsarin jijiyoyi na tsakiya da na gefe.
Acetylcholine: Acetylcholine ( ACh ) wani sinadari ne wanda yake aiki a kwakwalwa da jikin nau'ikan dabbobi da yawa azaman neurotransmitter-sakonnin sinadarai da kwayoyin jijiyoyin ke fitarwa don aika sigina zuwa wasu kwayoyin, kamar su jijiyoyi, kwayoyin tsoka da kwayoyin gland. Sunanta ya samo asali ne daga tsarin sunadarai: shine ester na acetic acid da choline. Sassan cikin jiki da suke amfani da su ko suke shafar acetylcholine ana kiran su cholinergic. Abubuwan da ke haɓaka ko rage ayyukan gabaɗaya na tsarin cholinergic ana kiran su cholinergics da anticholinergics, bi da bi.
Acetylcholinesterase: Acetylcholinesterase , wanda aka fi sani da AChE ko acetylhydrolase , shine farkon cholinesterase a jiki. Yana da enzyme wanda ke haifar da lalacewar acetylcholine da kuma wasu ƙwararrun choster esters waɗanda ke aiki azaman neurotransmitters. Ana samun AChE a mafi yawan mahadar neuromuscular da kuma cikin synapses na sinadarai na nau'in cholinergic, inda ayyukanta ke kawo ƙarshen watsa synaptic. Ya kasance daga gidan carboxylesterase na enzymes. Ita ce babbar manufa ta hanawa ta mahaɗan organophosphorus kamar su wakilan jijiyoyi da magungunan ƙwari.
Acetylcholinesterase mai hanawa: Acetylcholinesterase inhibitors ( AChEIs ) ana kuma kiransu cholinesterase inhibitors , hana enzyme acetylcholinesterase daga fasa neurotransmitter acetylcholine cikin choline da acetate, don haka yana kara duka matakin da tsawon lokacin aikin acetylcholine a cikin tsarin mai juyayi na tsakiya, ganglia mai sarrafa kansa da mahaɗan neuromuscular, masu arziki ne a cikin masu karɓar acetylcholine. Acetylcholinesterase masu hanawa suna ɗayan nau'ikan nau'i biyu na masu hana cholinesterase; ɗayan yana kasancewa masu hana butyryl-cholinesterase.Acetylcholinesterase shine memba na farko na membobin cholinesterase enzyme.
Acetylcholinesterase mai hanawa: Acetylcholinesterase inhibitors ( AChEIs ) ana kuma kiransu cholinesterase inhibitors , hana enzyme acetylcholinesterase daga fasa neurotransmitter acetylcholine cikin choline da acetate, don haka yana kara duka matakin da tsawon lokacin aikin acetylcholine a cikin tsarin mai juyayi na tsakiya, ganglia mai sarrafa kansa da mahaɗan neuromuscular, masu arziki ne a cikin masu karɓar acetylcholine. Acetylcholinesterase masu hanawa suna ɗayan nau'ikan nau'i biyu na masu hana cholinesterase; ɗayan yana kasancewa masu hana butyryl-cholinesterase.Acetylcholinesterase shine memba na farko na membobin cholinesterase enzyme.
Acetylcholine mai karɓa: Mai karɓar acetylcholine shine haɓakar membrane mai haɗin gwiwa wanda ke amsawa ga ɗaurin acetylcholine, neurotransmitter.
Parasympathomimetic magani: Magungunan parasympathomimetic , wani lokacin ana kiransa cholinomimetic drug ko cholinergic receptor mai kara kuzari , wani sinadari ne wanda yake karfafa tsarin juyayi na rashin jin dadi (PSNS). Wadannan sunadarai ana kiransu kwayoyi masu kwaɗaɗɗu saboda acetylcholine (ACh) ita ce ƙwayar ƙwaƙwalwar da PSNS ke amfani da ita. Sinadarai a cikin wannan dangi na iya yin aiki kai tsaye ta hanyar motsa masu karɓa na nicotinic ko muscarinic, ko kuma kai tsaye ta hanyar hana cholinesterase, haɓaka fitowar acetylcholine, ko wasu hanyoyin.
Anticholinergic: Anticholinergics rukuni ne na abubuwa waɗanda ke toshe aikin mai karɓar kwayar halitta da ake kira acetylcholine (ACh) a synapses a cikin tsarin jijiyoyi na tsakiya da na gefe.
Neuregulin 1: Neuregulin 1 , ko NRG1 , tsararraki ne na haɓakar haɓakar haɓakar epidermal wanda a cikin mutane keɓaɓɓe da kwayar NRG1 . NRG1 shine ɗayan sunadarai guda huɗu a cikin dangin neuregulin wanda ke aiki akan dangin EGFR na masu karɓa. Neuregulin 1 ana samar dashi ta hanyar rarrabewa da yawa ta hanyar sauyawa daban, wanda ke bashi damar aiwatar da ayyuka iri-iri. Yana da mahimmanci don ci gaban al'ada na tsarin juyayi da zuciya.
Acetylcholine mai karɓa: Mai karɓar acetylcholine shine haɓakar membrane mai haɗin gwiwa wanda ke amsawa ga ɗaurin acetylcholine, neurotransmitter.
Acetylcholine: Acetylcholine ( ACh ) wani sinadari ne wanda yake aiki a kwakwalwa da jikin nau'ikan dabbobi da yawa azaman neurotransmitter-sakonnin sinadarai da kwayoyin jijiyoyin ke fitarwa don aika sigina zuwa wasu kwayoyin, kamar su jijiyoyi, kwayoyin tsoka da kwayoyin gland. Sunanta ya samo asali ne daga tsarin sunadarai: shine ester na acetic acid da choline. Sassan cikin jiki da suke amfani da su ko suke shafar acetylcholine ana kiran su cholinergic. Abubuwan da ke haɓaka ko rage ayyukan gabaɗaya na tsarin cholinergic ana kiran su cholinergics da anticholinergics, bi da bi.
Cholinergic: Ma'aikatan Cholinergic sune mahaɗan wanda yayi kama da aikin acetylcholine da / ko butyrylcholine. A general, da kalmar "choline" ya bayyana daban-daban quaternary ammonium salts dauke da N, N, N -trimethylethanolammonium cation. An samo shi a cikin yawancin kyallen dabba, choline shine asalin kayan aikin acetylcholine na neurotransmitter kuma yana aiki tare da inositol azaman tushen asalin lecithin Choline shima yana hana kitse a cikin hanta kuma yana taimakawa motsi na mai a cikin ƙwayoyin cuta.
Acetylcholinesterase: Acetylcholinesterase , wanda aka fi sani da AChE ko acetylhydrolase , shine farkon cholinesterase a jiki. Yana da enzyme wanda ke haifar da lalacewar acetylcholine da kuma wasu ƙwararrun choster esters waɗanda ke aiki azaman neurotransmitters. Ana samun AChE a mafi yawan mahadar neuromuscular da kuma cikin synapses na sinadarai na nau'in cholinergic, inda ayyukanta ke kawo ƙarshen watsa synaptic. Ya kasance daga gidan carboxylesterase na enzymes. Ita ce babbar manufa ta hanawa ta mahaɗan organophosphorus kamar su wakilan jijiyoyi da magungunan ƙwari.
Acetylcholinesterase mai hanawa: Acetylcholinesterase inhibitors ( AChEIs ) ana kuma kiransu cholinesterase inhibitors , hana enzyme acetylcholinesterase daga fasa neurotransmitter acetylcholine cikin choline da acetate, don haka yana kara duka matakin da tsawon lokacin aikin acetylcholine a cikin tsarin mai juyayi na tsakiya, ganglia mai sarrafa kansa da mahaɗan neuromuscular, masu arziki ne a cikin masu karɓar acetylcholine. Acetylcholinesterase masu hanawa suna ɗayan nau'ikan nau'i biyu na masu hana cholinesterase; ɗayan yana kasancewa masu hana butyryl-cholinesterase.Acetylcholinesterase shine memba na farko na membobin cholinesterase enzyme.
Acetylcholinesterase mai hanawa: Acetylcholinesterase inhibitors ( AChEIs ) ana kuma kiransu cholinesterase inhibitors , hana enzyme acetylcholinesterase daga fasa neurotransmitter acetylcholine cikin choline da acetate, don haka yana kara duka matakin da tsawon lokacin aikin acetylcholine a cikin tsarin mai juyayi na tsakiya, ganglia mai sarrafa kansa da mahaɗan neuromuscular, masu arziki ne a cikin masu karɓar acetylcholine. Acetylcholinesterase masu hanawa suna ɗayan nau'ikan nau'i biyu na masu hana cholinesterase; ɗayan yana kasancewa masu hana butyryl-cholinesterase.Acetylcholinesterase shine memba na farko na membobin cholinesterase enzyme.
Acetylcholine: Acetylcholine ( ACh ) wani sinadari ne wanda yake aiki a kwakwalwa da jikin nau'ikan dabbobi da yawa azaman neurotransmitter-sakonnin sinadarai da kwayoyin jijiyoyin ke fitarwa don aika sigina zuwa wasu kwayoyin, kamar su jijiyoyi, kwayoyin tsoka da kwayoyin gland. Sunanta ya samo asali ne daga tsarin sunadarai: shine ester na acetic acid da choline. Sassan cikin jiki da suke amfani da su ko suke shafar acetylcholine ana kiran su cholinergic. Abubuwan da ke haɓaka ko rage ayyukan gabaɗaya na tsarin cholinergic ana kiran su cholinergics da anticholinergics, bi da bi.
Acetyl-CoA: | C 23 H 38 N 7 Ya 17 P 3 S | - | Yawan bakin | 809.57 g · mol −1 | - | Sashe na 3 = | Sashe na 4 = | Sashe na 5 = | Sashe na 6 =}} Acetyl-CoA ( acetyl coenzyme A ) kwayar halitta ce wacce ke shiga cikin halayen biochemical da yawa a cikin furotin, carbohydrate da lipid metabolism. Babban aikinta shine isar da rukunin acetyl zuwa zagayen citric acid (Krebs cycle) don samin kuzari don samar da makamashi. Coenzyme A (CoASH ko CoA) ya ƙunshi ƙungiyar β-mercaptoethylamine da ke da alaƙa da bitamin pantothenic acid (B5) ta hanyar haɗin amide da 3'-phosphorylated ADP. Acungiyar acetyl (wanda aka nuna a shuɗi a cikin zane-zane a hannun dama) na acetyl-CoA yana da alaƙa da maye gurbin sulfhydryl na ƙungiyar β-mercaptoethylamine. Wannan haɗin haɗin yanar gizon shine haɗin haɗin "babban makamashi", wanda ke da amsa musamman. Hydrolysis na haɗin thioester yana da ƙarfi (-31.5 kJ / mol).
Jerin analogues na cocaine: Wannan jerin analogues na hodar iblis. Maganin cocaine shine (yawanci) ginin wucin gadi na wani sabon sinadarai wanda aka samo daga tsarin kwayar cocaine, tare da sakamakon da aka samu wanda yayi kama da hodar don nuna kamanceceniya da shi, amma canzawa zuwa, aikinsa na sinadarai. A tsakanin iyakokin mahaɗan kwatankwacin da aka kirkira daga tsarin hodar iblis, wanda ake kira "analogues na cocaine" yana riƙe 3 β -benzoyloxy ko aiki iri ɗaya a kan kwarangwal na ƙwallon ƙafa, idan aka kwatanta da sauran abubuwan motsa jiki. Da yawa daga cikin analogues na haɗin cocaine masu dacewa waɗanda aka yi & nazari sun kasance daga cikin azuzuwan tara masu zuwa na mahadi: masu amfani da hodar iblis 3 β -phenyl ringi ya maye gurbin analogues 2 β -abutattun analogs N-wanda aka gyara analogues na hodar Iblis 3 β -carbamoyl analogues 3 β -alkyl-3-benzyl mai cin ganyayyaki 6/7-sauya cocaines 6-alkyl-3-benzyl mai cin ganyayyaki Abubuwan haɗin gwanon piperidine na hodar iblis
6-Monoacetylcodeine: 6-Monoacetylcodeine (6-MAC) shine acetate ester na codeine wanda ƙungiyar hydroxyl akan matsayi 6 ta kasance acetylated. Lokaci-lokaci ana gabatar da shi azaman ƙazanta a cikin heroin na titi kuma yawanci ana ƙirƙirar shi yayin yunƙurin ƙirƙirar jaririn daga maganin morphine wanda wasu magungunan daga asalin maganin opium na asali ya kasance. An ƙirƙira shi ko dai ta hanyar ƙari na anhydride acetic, wanda zai iya sanya matsayin 6 kawai akan codeine ko kuma sakamakon ƙari na acetic acid tare da mai kara kuzari a ƙoƙarin ƙirƙirar 6-monoacetylmorphine, kwatankwacin ester na morphine wanda shine dan kadan yafi karfi fiye da jaririn kanta. 6-monoacetylcodeine daga ƙarshe an canza shi zuwa cikin codeine sannan zuwa cikin morphine. Tunda ana iya haifar da 6-MAC kawai ba bisa ƙa'ida ba, za a iya amfani da gwaji don kasancewar sa a cikin fitsari azaman ingantacciyar hanyar da za a iya gano amfani da jaririn ba bisa ƙa'ida ba, sabanin magungunan kashe magunguna. 6-MAC shine mai gabatarwa don 14-hydroxycodeinenone wanda shine ainihin asalin zuwa oxycodone. An rage ragowar 7-bond sau biyu ta amfani da ion hyposulfite don rage 6-7 mai haɗin biyu. Duk da cewa ba a yi nazarin mummunan guba na 6-monoacetylcodeine a cikin mutum ba, nazarin dabba ya nuna cewa a cikin dabbobin dabba tasirin ta na da ƙarfi An tabbatar da shi kuma lokacin da aka gauraya shi da mono- ko dietyl morphine, yana rage ƙofar mai saurin haɗuwa har yanzu.
Acetyl-CoA: | C 23 H 38 N 7 Ya 17 P 3 S | - | Yawan bakin | 809.57 g · mol −1 | - | Sashe na 3 = | Sashe na 4 = | Sashe na 5 = | Sashe na 6 =}} Acetyl-CoA ( acetyl coenzyme A ) kwayar halitta ce wacce ke shiga cikin halayen biochemical da yawa a cikin furotin, carbohydrate da lipid metabolism. Babban aikinta shine isar da rukunin acetyl zuwa zagayen citric acid (Krebs cycle) don samin kuzari don samar da makamashi. Coenzyme A (CoASH ko CoA) ya ƙunshi ƙungiyar β-mercaptoethylamine da ke da alaƙa da bitamin pantothenic acid (B5) ta hanyar haɗin amide da 3'-phosphorylated ADP. Acungiyar acetyl (wanda aka nuna a shuɗi a cikin zane-zane a hannun dama) na acetyl-CoA yana da alaƙa da maye gurbin sulfhydryl na ƙungiyar β-mercaptoethylamine. Wannan haɗin haɗin yanar gizon shine haɗin haɗin "babban makamashi", wanda ke da amsa musamman. Hydrolysis na haɗin thioester yana da ƙarfi (-31.5 kJ / mol).
Acetylcorynoline: Acetylcorynoline shine keɓaɓɓen ƙwayoyin halitta na Corydalis ambigua . Yana hana haɓakar ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin dendritic da ƙwaƙƙwaran ƙwayoyin cuta suka samu a cikin beraye. Koyaya, shine kawai cytotoxic mai yawa fiye da 20 thanM.
Acetylcysteinamide: N -Acetylcysteine ​​amide amide ne na N -acetylcysteine wanda ya bayyana yana da mafi ingancin shingen jini-kwakwalwar kwakwalwa da kuma samarda rayuwa da kuma irin wannan damar antioxidant.
Acetylcysteine: Acetylcysteine , wanda aka fi sani da N -acetylcysteine ( NAC ), magani ne wanda ake amfani da shi don magance paracetamol (acetaminophen) wuce gona da iri, da kuma sassauta laka mai kauri a cikin mutane masu fama da cututtukan bronchopulmonary na yau da kullun kamar ciwon huhu da mashako. Ana iya ɗauke shi ta hanji, ta baki, ko kuma shaƙa kamar hazo. Wasu mutane suna amfani da shi azaman abincin abincin.
Acetylcysteinamide: N -Acetylcysteine ​​amide amide ne na N -acetylcysteine wanda ya bayyana yana da mafi ingancin shingen jini-kwakwalwar kwakwalwa da kuma samarda rayuwa da kuma irin wannan damar antioxidant.