Gamma-ray astronomy, Geodetic astronomy, List of astronomical societies

Gamma-ray astronomy: Gamma-ray astronomy shine kallon taurari na gamma rays, mafi kyawun kuzari na hasken lantarki, tare da kuzarin photon sama da 100 keV. Radiation da ke ƙasa da 100 keV an tsara shi azaman hasken rana kuma batun batun tauraron X-ray ne.
Geodetic falaki: Geodetic astronomy ko astronomical geodesy ( astro-geodesy ) shine aikace-aikacen hanyoyin falaki a cikin cibiyoyin sadarwar geodetic da sauran ayyukan fasaha na geodesy.
Jerin al'ummomin sararin samaniya: Jerin sanannun kungiyoyi waɗanda aka keɓe don inganta binciken ilimin taurari da ilimi.
Astrophotography: Astrophotography , wanda aka fi sani da ilimin taurari , daukar hoto ne ko hotunan abubuwan sararin samaniya, abubuwan da ke faruwa a sararin samaniya, da yankunan sararin samaniya. Hoton farko na wani abu mai ilimin taurari an ɗauke shi a 1840, amma har zuwa ƙarshen ƙarshen ƙarni na 19 ne ci gaban fasaha ya ba da izinin cikakken ɗaukakar hoto. Bayan iya rikodin dalla-dalla na abubuwa masu tsawo kamar Wata, Rana, da duniyoyi, sararin samaniya yana da ikon zana abubuwan da ba za su iya gani a idanun ɗan adam ba kamar taurari masu ƙarancin haske, tauraruwar taurari, da taurari. Ana yin wannan ta hanyar fallasa lokaci mai tsawo tunda duka fim ɗin da kyamarorin dijital na iya tarawa da ɗaukar hotuna masu haske a cikin waɗannan dogon lokaci.
Astrophotography: Astrophotography , wanda aka fi sani da ilimin taurari , daukar hoto ne ko hotunan abubuwan sararin samaniya, abubuwan da ke faruwa a sararin samaniya, da yankunan sararin samaniya. Hoton farko na wani abu mai ilimin taurari an ɗauke shi a 1840, amma har zuwa ƙarshen ƙarshen ƙarni na 19 ne ci gaban fasaha ya ba da izinin cikakken ɗaukakar hoto. Bayan iya rikodin dalla-dalla na abubuwa masu tsawo kamar Wata, Rana, da duniyoyi, sararin samaniya yana da ikon zana abubuwan da ba za su iya gani a idanun ɗan adam ba kamar taurari masu ƙarancin haske, tauraruwar taurari, da taurari. Ana yin wannan ta hanyar fallasa lokaci mai tsawo tunda duka fim ɗin da kyamarorin dijital na iya tarawa da ɗaukar hotuna masu haske a cikin waɗannan dogon lokaci.
Jerin kayan kidan sararin samaniya: Kayan kimiyyar sararin samaniya sun haɗa da: Alidade Armillary Sphere Astrarium Astrolabe Astronomical agogo tsarin Antikythera, agogon tauraron dan adam Kwatanta mai haske Bolomita Gidan Canterbury Astrolabe Quadrant Celatone Sararin samaniya Na'urar cajin da aka haɗa Kwamfuta CMOS firikwensin Coronagraph Cosmolabe Dioptra Zobe na Ikwatora Equatorium Gnomon Interferometer Da'irar Meridian Mai gano farantin Microchannel Kayan aikin bango Nebra sky faifai Ba dare ba rana Octant (kayan aiki) Ganin yanayin kallo, aka, Spectrograph Orrery Farantin daukar hoto Photometer Tsarin duniya agogon tauraron Prague Quadrant (kayan aiki) Kunya Farantin rediyo Skaphe Na sittin Tauraruwa Tsarin hangen nesa Yan kallo Telescope Torquetum Triquetrum (ilimin taurari) Zenith madubin hangen nesa
Jerin kayan kidan sararin samaniya: Kayan kimiyyar sararin samaniya sun haɗa da: Alidade Armillary Sphere Astrarium Astrolabe Astronomical agogo tsarin Antikythera, agogon tauraron dan adam Kwatanta mai haske Bolomita Gidan Canterbury Astrolabe Quadrant Celatone Sararin samaniya Na'urar cajin da aka haɗa Kwamfuta CMOS firikwensin Coronagraph Cosmolabe Dioptra Zobe na Ikwatora Equatorium Gnomon Interferometer Da'irar Meridian Mai gano farantin Microchannel Kayan aikin bango Nebra sky faifai Ba dare ba rana Octant (kayan aiki) Ganin yanayin kallo, aka, Spectrograph Orrery Farantin daukar hoto Photometer Tsarin duniya agogon tauraron Prague Quadrant (kayan aiki) Kunya Farantin rediyo Skaphe Na sittin Tauraruwa Tsarin hangen nesa Yan kallo Telescope Torquetum Triquetrum (ilimin taurari) Zenith madubin hangen nesa
Jerin kayan kidan sararin samaniya: Kayan kimiyyar sararin samaniya sun haɗa da: Alidade Armillary Sphere Astrarium Astrolabe Astronomical agogo tsarin Antikythera, agogon tauraron dan adam Kwatanta mai haske Bolomita Gidan Canterbury Astrolabe Quadrant Celatone Sararin samaniya Na'urar cajin da aka haɗa Kwamfuta CMOS firikwensin Coronagraph Cosmolabe Dioptra Zobe na Ikwatora Equatorium Gnomon Interferometer Da'irar Meridian Mai gano farantin Microchannel Kayan aikin bango Nebra sky faifai Ba dare ba rana Octant (kayan aiki) Ganin yanayin kallo, aka, Spectrograph Orrery Farantin daukar hoto Photometer Tsarin duniya agogon tauraron Prague Quadrant (kayan aiki) Kunya Farantin rediyo Skaphe Na sittin Tauraruwa Tsarin hangen nesa Yan kallo Telescope Torquetum Triquetrum (ilimin taurari) Zenith madubin hangen nesa
Tsarin tsaka-tsakin taurari: Tsarin tsaka-tsakin sararin samaniya shine keɓaɓɓun telescopes, sassan madubi, ko eriyar hangen nesa na hangen nesa waɗanda suke aiki tare azaman na'urar hangen nesa guda ɗaya don samar da hotuna masu ƙuduri na abubuwa masu taurari kamar taurari, nebulas da taurari ta hanyar amfani da hanyoyin sadarwa. Amfanin wannan dabarar shine cewa zai iya samarda hotuna ta hanyan hangen nesa ta babban madubin hangen nesa tare da budewa wanda yayi daidai da rabuwa tsakanin na'urar hangen nesa. Babban koma baya shine baya tara haske kamar madubin kayan aikin gaba daya. Don haka yana da amfani sosai don kyakkyawan ƙuduri na ƙarin abubuwan taurari masu haske, kamar su tauraruwar binary. Wata matsala ita ce, matsakaicin girman kusurwa na tushen fitarwa da aka gano yana iyakance ta ƙaramar tazara tsakanin masu ganowa a cikin tsararrun masu tarawa.
Tsarin tsaka-tsakin taurari: Tsarin tsaka-tsakin sararin samaniya shine keɓaɓɓun telescopes, sassan madubi, ko eriyar hangen nesa na hangen nesa waɗanda suke aiki tare azaman na'urar hangen nesa guda ɗaya don samar da hotuna masu ƙuduri na abubuwa masu taurari kamar taurari, nebulas da taurari ta hanyar amfani da hanyoyin sadarwa. Amfanin wannan dabarar shine cewa zai iya samarda hotuna ta hanyan hangen nesa ta babban madubin hangen nesa tare da budewa wanda yayi daidai da rabuwa tsakanin na'urar hangen nesa. Babban koma baya shine baya tara haske kamar madubin kayan aikin gaba daya. Don haka yana da amfani sosai don kyakkyawan ƙuduri na ƙarin abubuwan taurari masu haske, kamar su tauraruwar binary. Wata matsala ita ce, matsakaicin girman kusurwa na tushen fitarwa da aka gano yana iyakance ta ƙaramar tazara tsakanin masu ganowa a cikin tsararrun masu tarawa.
Latitude: A cikin labarin kasa, latitude wuri ne mai tsara yanayin kasa wanda ke nuna matsayin arewa zuwa kudu na maki a saman Duniya. Latitude wani kusurwa ne wanda ya fara daga 0 ° a Equator zuwa 90 ° a sandunan. Lines na latitt ko na daidaito , suna gudana gabas zuwa yamma kamar yadda da'ira suke a layi ɗaya da mai daidaitawa. Ana amfani da Latitude tare da longitude don tantance takamaiman wurin da fasali yake a saman duniya. A karan kansa, kalmar latitude ya kamata a ɗauka ta zama latitude ta geodetic kamar yadda aka bayyana a ƙasa. A taƙaice, yanayin yanayin ƙasa a wani wuri shine kusurwar da vector yayi daidai da farfajiyar ellipsoidal daga wannan lokacin, da kuma jirgin sama mai daidaitawa. Hakanan an bayyana wasu latitude mataimaka shida waɗanda ake amfani dasu a aikace-aikace na musamman.
Girma (ilimin taurari): A cikin ilimin taurari, girma shine ma'auni mara iyaka na hasken abu a cikin ƙayyadadden fasfo, sau da yawa a bayyane ko infrared bakan, amma wani lokacin a duk tsawon ƙarfin. Hipparchus ne ya gabatar da ƙarancin ƙarancin ra'ayi amma ƙaddarar tsarin abubuwa a zamanin da.
Sararin samaniya: A cikin ilimin taurari da kewayawa, yanayin sararin samaniya wani yanki ne wanda ba zai iya bayyana ba wanda yake da babban radius ba tare da izini ba kuma yana da hankali ga Duniya. Duk abubuwan da ke cikin sama ana iya ɗaukar su kamar yadda aka tsara su a cikin farfajiyar sararin samaniya, wanda zai iya kasancewa a doron ƙasa ko mai sa ido. Idan ya kasance a kan mai lura, rabin ɓangaren zai yi kama da abin da ke kallon wurin.
Masanin astrophysical: Masanin astrophysical shine asalin abin da ke faruwa na yau da kullun na watsa layin layi, yawanci a cikin sashin microwave na bakan electromagnetic. Wannan fitowar na iya fitowa a cikin gajimare masu tallan ruwa, tauraro mai wutsiya, sararin samaniya, yanayin taurari, ko wasu yanayi daban-daban a cikin sararin samaniya.
Masanin astrophysical: Masanin astrophysical shine asalin abin da ke faruwa na yau da kullun na watsa layin layi, yawanci a cikin sashin microwave na bakan electromagnetic. Wannan fitowar na iya fitowa a cikin gajimare masu tallan ruwa, tauraro mai wutsiya, sararin samaniya, yanayin taurari, ko wasu yanayi daban-daban a cikin sararin samaniya.
Meridian (ilimin taurari): A cikin ilimin taurari, meridian shine babban da'irar da yake ratsa sandunan sama, da zenith da nadir na wurin mai sanya ido. Sakamakon haka, ya ƙunshi mahimman wuraren arewa da kudu a sararin samaniya, kuma yana da alaƙa da maƙasudin maɗaukaki da sararin sama. Meridians, na sama da na ƙasa, an ƙaddara su ta fensin axial-fensin jirage waɗanda ke wucewa ta ƙarshen juyawar Duniya. Ga wurin da ba a ginshiƙan wuri ba akwai jirgin sama na musamman a cikin wannan fensirin axial ta wurin wurin. Rarraba wannan jirgin tare da saman Duniya shine meridian geographical, kuma mahaɗan jirgin tare da yanayin sararin samaniya shine meridian na wannan wuri da lokaci.
Meridian (ilimin taurari): A cikin ilimin taurari, meridian shine babban da'irar da yake ratsa sandunan sama, da zenith da nadir na wurin mai sanya ido. Sakamakon haka, ya ƙunshi mahimman wuraren arewa da kudu a sararin samaniya, kuma yana da alaƙa da maƙasudin maɗaukaki da sararin sama. Meridians, na sama da na ƙasa, an ƙaddara su ta fensin axial-fensin jirage waɗanda ke wucewa ta ƙarshen juyawar Duniya. Ga wurin da ba a ginshiƙan wuri ba akwai jirgin sama na musamman a cikin wannan fensirin axial ta wurin wurin. Rarraba wannan jirgin tare da saman Duniya shine meridian geographical, kuma mahaɗan jirgin tare da yanayin sararin samaniya shine meridian na wannan wuri da lokaci.
Watan Lunar: A cikin kalandar wata, watan wata shine lokaci tsakanin tsaka-tsakin abubuwa guda biyu: sabbin watanni ko cikakkun wata. Ma'anar daidai ta bambanta, musamman don farkon watan.
Yarjejeniyar sanya sunan taurari: A zamanin da, Rana da Wata ne kawai, wasu starsan taurari, da kuma taurari mafi sauƙin gani suna da sunaye. A cikin fewan hundredan shekarun da suka gabata, adadin abubuwan da aka gano na taurari ya tashi daga ɗaruruwan zuwa sama da biliyan, kuma ana samun ƙarin wasu a kowace shekara. Masu ilimin sararin samaniya suna buƙatar sanya keɓaɓɓun keɓaɓɓu don gano duk waɗannan abubuwa ba tare da ɓoye ba, kuma a lokaci guda sunaye ga abubuwan da suka fi ban sha'awa, da kuma inda dacewar, fasalin waɗannan abubuwa.
Yarjejeniyar sanya sunan taurari: A zamanin da, Rana da Wata ne kawai, wasu starsan taurari, da kuma taurari mafi sauƙin gani suna da sunaye. A cikin fewan hundredan shekarun da suka gabata, adadin abubuwan da aka gano na taurari ya tashi daga ɗaruruwan zuwa sama da biliyan, kuma ana samun ƙarin wasu a kowace shekara. Masu ilimin sararin samaniya suna buƙatar sanya keɓaɓɓun keɓaɓɓu don gano duk waɗannan abubuwa ba tare da ɓoye ba, kuma a lokaci guda sunaye ga abubuwan da suka fi ban sha'awa, da kuma inda dacewar, fasalin waɗannan abubuwa.
Keɓaɓɓen kewayawa: Kewayawa na samaniya , wanda aka fi sani da ilimin sararin samaniya, tsohuwar al'ada ce kuma ta zamani game da daidaita matsayi wanda ke bawa mai jagora damar sauyawa ta hanyar sararin samaniya ba tare da dogaro da ƙididdigar lissafi ba, ko hisabin mutu'a ba, don sanin matsayin su. Kewaya canlestial yana amfani da "abubuwan gani", ko ma'aunai masu kusurwa waɗanda aka ɗauka tsakanin jikin sama da sararin samaniya. An fi amfani da Rana sosai, amma masu amfani da jirgi suna iya amfani da Wata, wata duniya, Polaris, ko ɗayan ɗayan taurari 57 na kewayawa waɗanda aka tsara haɗin aikinsu a cikin almanac na sama da almanacs na iska.
Yarjejeniyar sanya sunan taurari: A zamanin da, Rana da Wata ne kawai, wasu starsan taurari, da kuma taurari mafi sauƙin gani suna da sunaye. A cikin fewan hundredan shekarun da suka gabata, adadin abubuwan da aka gano na taurari ya tashi daga ɗaruruwan zuwa sama da biliyan, kuma ana samun ƙarin wasu a kowace shekara. Masu ilimin sararin samaniya suna buƙatar sanya keɓaɓɓun keɓaɓɓu don gano duk waɗannan abubuwa ba tare da ɓoye ba, kuma a lokaci guda sunaye ga abubuwan da suka fi ban sha'awa, da kuma inda dacewar, fasalin waɗannan abubuwa.
Astronomical abinci mai gina jiki: Ciyarwar sararin samaniya wani lamari ne wanda ke haifar da daidaiton yanayin juyawar wani abu mai juya yanayin taurari don canzawa akan lokaci. Hakan yana faruwa ne ta ƙarfin ƙarfin sauran jikin da ke kusa da ke yin aiki akan abin da yake juyawa. Ko da yake su suna lalacewa ta hanyar da wannan sakamako aiki a kan daban-daban timescales, Masana ilmin yawanci su rarrabe a tsakãnin precession, wanda shi ne wani kwari dogon lokacin da canji a cikin axis na juyawa, da kuma nutation, wanda shine hada sakamako na irin wannan guntu-lokaci bambancin.
Astronomical abu: Abun taurari ko abu na sama abu ne wanda yake faruwa a zahiri, haɗuwa, ko tsari wanda yake a cikin sararin samaniya mai gani. A cikin ilimin taurari, ana amfani da kalmomin abu da jiki don musayar juna. Duk da haka, wani astronomical jiki ko wani sarari suKe jiki ne guda, tam ɗaure ciki daidai, contiguous mahaluži, yayin da wani astronomical ko wani sarari suKe abu ne mai hadaddun, kasa cohesively daure tsarin, wanda na iya kunshi mahara jikinsu ko sauran abubuwa da gine.
Astronomical abu: Abun taurari ko abu na sama abu ne wanda yake faruwa a zahiri, haɗuwa, ko tsari wanda yake a cikin sararin samaniya mai gani. A cikin ilimin taurari, ana amfani da kalmomin abu da jiki don musayar juna. Duk da haka, wani astronomical jiki ko wani sarari suKe jiki ne guda, tam ɗaure ciki daidai, contiguous mahaluži, yayin da wani astronomical ko wani sarari suKe abu ne mai hadaddun, kasa cohesively daure tsarin, wanda na iya kunshi mahara jikinsu ko sauran abubuwa da gine.
Abubuwan taurari da fasali tare da sunaye Romania: Yawancin abubuwa da sifofin sararin samaniya an sanya musu suna bayan mutanen Romania ko abubuwa a Romania. Wadannan sun hada da abubuwan duniya akan Mercury, Mars da Venus da kuma tauraron dan adam.
Jerin abubuwan falaki masu suna bayan mutane: Wannan jerin abubuwa ne masu ilimin taurari masu suna bayan mutane . Yayinda siffofin yanayi akan tsarin tsarin rana - kamar su ramuka, duwatsu, da kwaruruka - galibi ana sanya musu suna bayan shahararrun mutane ko kuma masu tarihi, da yawa taurari da abubuwa masu zurfin sama ana laƙabawa ne da sunan mutanen da suka gano su ko kuma suka yi nazarin sa.
Abubuwan da aka tsara a cikin addini, astrology, ufology da pseudoscience: Akwai abubuwa da yawa da aka gabatar da su a addini, ilimin taurari, ufology da kuma ilimin karya wanda ilimin kimiyya bai goyi bayan wanzuwarsa ba.
Abubuwan taurari da fasali tare da sunaye Romania: Yawancin abubuwa da sifofin sararin samaniya an sanya musu suna bayan mutanen Romania ko abubuwa a Romania. Wadannan sun hada da abubuwan duniya akan Mercury, Mars da Venus da kuma tauraron dan adam.
Kulawa da ilimin taurari: Ilimin sararin samaniya wani yanki ne na ilimin taurari wanda ya shafi rikodin bayanai game da duniyar da ake gani, sabanin ilimin ilmin taurari, wanda yafi damuwa da kirga abubuwan da za'a iya auna su. Aiki ne da nazarin lura da abubuwan da ke cikin sama tare da amfani da telescopes da sauran kayan kimiyyar sararin samaniya.
Observatory: Gidan kallo wuri ne da ake amfani dashi don lura da al'amuran duniya, na ruwa, ko na sama. Astronomy, climatology / meteorology, geophysical, oanoanography and volcanology misalai ne na fannonin da aka gina wuraren kallo. A tarihance, abubuwan lura sun kasance masu sauki kamar yadda suke dauke da kayan karau ko kuma Stonehenge.
Observatory: Gidan kallo wuri ne da ake amfani dashi don lura da al'amuran duniya, na ruwa, ko na sama. Astronomy, climatology / meteorology, geophysical, oanoanography and volcanology misalai ne na fannonin da aka gina wuraren kallo. A tarihance, abubuwan lura sun kasance masu sauki kamar yadda suke dauke da kayan karau ko kuma Stonehenge.
Jerin wuraren lura da taurari a cikin Ukraine: Wannan jerin jerin gwanon taurari ne a cikin Ukraine : Andrushivka Mai Kula da Ilimin Sararin Samaniya Biały Słoń Masana binciken Astrophysical na Kirimiya Mykolayiv Astronomical Observatory Simeiz Observatory
Observatory: Gidan kallo wuri ne da ake amfani dashi don lura da al'amuran duniya, na ruwa, ko na sama. Astronomy, climatology / meteorology, geophysical, oanoanography and volcanology misalai ne na fannonin da aka gina wuraren kallo. A tarihance, abubuwan lura sun kasance masu sauki kamar yadda suke dauke da kayan karau ko kuma Stonehenge.
Observatory: Gidan kallo wuri ne da ake amfani dashi don lura da al'amuran duniya, na ruwa, ko na sama. Astronomy, climatology / meteorology, geophysical, oanoanography and volcanology misalai ne na fannonin da aka gina wuraren kallo. A tarihance, abubuwan lura sun kasance masu sauki kamar yadda suke dauke da kayan karau ko kuma Stonehenge.
Observatory: Gidan kallo wuri ne da ake amfani dashi don lura da al'amuran duniya, na ruwa, ko na sama. Astronomy, climatology / meteorology, geophysical, oanoanography and volcanology misalai ne na fannonin da aka gina wuraren kallo. A tarihance, abubuwan lura sun kasance masu sauki kamar yadda suke dauke da kayan karau ko kuma Stonehenge.
Binciken Astronomical na Capodimonte: The Astronomical Observatory of Capodimonte shine sashen Neapolitan na Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica, mafi mahimmancin cibiyoyin Italiyanci masu haɓakawa, haɓakawa da gudanar da binciken kimiyya a fannonin ilimin taurari, astrophysics, da kimiyyar sararin samaniya.
Lisbon Astronomical Observatory: Lisbon Astronomical Observatory shine mai lura da ilimin taurari wanda yake a Tapada da Ajuda , a cikin Ikklesiyoyin jama'a na Alcântara, karamar hukumar Lisbon. Amincewa da kasashen duniya don ingancin aiki a fagen sanya taurari, a 1992, ya zama abin dogaro na Jami'ar Lisbon, da ke da alhakin binciken kimiyya da tarihi, tare da alaƙar watsa labarai.
'Yan adawa (ilmin taurari): A cikin ilimin taurari na sararin samaniya, abubuwa biyu na falaki ana cewa suna adawa idan sun kasance a ɓangarorin biyu na sararin samaniya, kamar yadda aka lura daga jikin da aka bayar.
Tsarin tsaka-tsakin sararin samaniya: A cikin ilimin taurari na gani, ana amfani da tsaka-tsakin don haɗa sigina daga telescopes biyu ko sama don samun ma'auni tare da ƙuduri mafi girma fiye da yadda za'a iya samu tare da ko dai telescopes daban-daban. Wannan dabarar ita ce ginshiƙan tsararren tsaka-tsakin sararin samaniya, wanda ke iya yin auna ƙananan abubuwa masu ƙarancin falaki idan ana baza telescopes a wani yanki mai faɗi. Idan anyi amfani da adadi mai yawa na kawo nesa kusa ana iya samar da hoto wanda yake da ƙuduri kama da na'urar hangen nesa guda ɗaya tare da diamita na haɗuwar yaduwar telescopes. Waɗannan sun haɗa da tsarke hangen nesa na rediyo irin su VLA, VLBI, SMA, LOFAR da SKA, da kuma kwanan nan tsaka-tsakin tsaka-tsakin tsaka-tsakin sararin samaniya kamar su COAST, NPOI da IOTA, wanda ke haifar da mafi girman ƙirar hotuna masu ƙima da aka taɓa samu a cikin taurari. Ana sa ran VLT Interferometer zai samar da hotunanta na farko ta amfani da kira na budewa nan bada jimawa ba, sannan sauran masu shiga tsakani kamar su CHARA array da Magdalena Ridge Observatory Interferometer wanda zai iya kunshi har zuwa telescopes na gani guda 10. Idan an gina telescopes masu banƙyama a Keck Interferometer, zai iya zama mai iya ɗaukar hoto.
Tsarin tsaka-tsakin sararin samaniya: A cikin ilimin taurari na gani, ana amfani da tsaka-tsakin don haɗa sigina daga telescopes biyu ko sama don samun ma'auni tare da ƙuduri mafi girma fiye da yadda za'a iya samu tare da ko dai telescopes daban-daban. Wannan dabarar ita ce ginshiƙan tsararren tsaka-tsakin sararin samaniya, wanda ke iya yin auna ƙananan abubuwa masu ƙarancin falaki idan ana baza telescopes a wani yanki mai faɗi. Idan anyi amfani da adadi mai yawa na kawo nesa kusa ana iya samar da hoto wanda yake da ƙuduri kama da na'urar hangen nesa guda ɗaya tare da diamita na haɗuwar yaduwar telescopes. Waɗannan sun haɗa da tsarke hangen nesa na rediyo irin su VLA, VLBI, SMA, LOFAR da SKA, da kuma kwanan nan tsaka-tsakin tsaka-tsakin tsaka-tsakin sararin samaniya kamar su COAST, NPOI da IOTA, wanda ke haifar da mafi girman ƙirar hotuna masu ƙima da aka taɓa samu a cikin taurari. Ana sa ran VLT Interferometer zai samar da hotunanta na farko ta amfani da kira na budewa nan bada jimawa ba, sannan sauran masu shiga tsakani kamar su CHARA array da Magdalena Ridge Observatory Interferometer wanda zai iya kunshi har zuwa telescopes na gani guda 10. Idan an gina telescopes masu banƙyama a Keck Interferometer, zai iya zama mai iya ɗaukar hoto.
Astrophotography: Astrophotography , wanda aka fi sani da ilimin taurari , daukar hoto ne ko hotunan abubuwan sararin samaniya, abubuwan da ke faruwa a sararin samaniya, da yankunan sararin samaniya. Hoton farko na wani abu mai ilimin taurari an ɗauke shi a 1840, amma har zuwa ƙarshen ƙarshen ƙarni na 19 ne ci gaban fasaha ya ba da izinin cikakken ɗaukakar hoto. Bayan iya rikodin dalla-dalla na abubuwa masu tsawo kamar Wata, Rana, da duniyoyi, sararin samaniya yana da ikon zana abubuwan da ba za su iya gani a idanun ɗan adam ba kamar taurari masu ƙarancin haske, tauraruwar taurari, da taurari. Ana yin wannan ta hanyar fallasa lokaci mai tsawo tunda duka fim ɗin da kyamarorin dijital na iya tarawa da ɗaukar hotuna masu haske a cikin waɗannan dogon lokaci.
Astrophotography: Astrophotography , wanda aka fi sani da ilimin taurari , daukar hoto ne ko hotunan abubuwan sararin samaniya, abubuwan da ke faruwa a sararin samaniya, da yankunan sararin samaniya. Hoton farko na wani abu mai ilimin taurari an ɗauke shi a 1840, amma har zuwa ƙarshen ƙarshen ƙarni na 19 ne ci gaban fasaha ya ba da izinin cikakken ɗaukakar hoto. Bayan iya rikodin dalla-dalla na abubuwa masu tsawo kamar Wata, Rana, da duniyoyi, sararin samaniya yana da ikon zana abubuwan da ba za su iya gani a idanun ɗan adam ba kamar taurari masu ƙarancin haske, tauraruwar taurari, da taurari. Ana yin wannan ta hanyar fallasa lokaci mai tsawo tunda duka fim ɗin da kyamarorin dijital na iya tarawa da ɗaukar hotuna masu haske a cikin waɗannan dogon lokaci.
Daren dare: Darewar dare wani abu ne mai ban mamaki inda dare yayi sama da awanni 24 wanda ke faruwa a yankunan arewa da kudu mafi ƙasƙanci. Wannan yana faruwa ne kawai a cikin kewayen polar. Akasin haka, rana, ko tsakiyar dare, na faruwa ne lokacin da Rana ta kasance sama da awanni 24. "Dare" ana fahimtarsa ​​azaman tsakiyar Rana yana ƙasa da sararin samaniya kyauta. Tun da yanayin yana sake hasken rana, ranar iyakacin duniya ta fi ta daren dadewa, kuma yankin da daren ya shafa ba shi da ɗan girma sosai fiye da yankin da tsakar dare take. Kewayen polar tana tsaye a latitude tsakanin waɗannan yankuna biyu, a kusan 66.5 °. Duk da yake rana ce a Arctic Circle, dare ne a Yankin Antarctic, kuma akasin haka.
Polarimetry: Polarimetry shine ma'auni da fassarar rarrabuwa na raƙuman ruwa masu wucewa, mafi mahimmanci igiyar lantarki, kamar rediyo ko raƙuman haske. Yawanci polarimetry ana yin shi ne akan raƙuman lantarki wanda yayi tafiya ta ciki ko kuma aka nuna shi, aka gyara shi ko aka rarraba shi ta hanyar wasu abubuwan don halayyar abun.
Yanayin kariya: Precession shine canji a cikin kwatankwacin juyawar juyawar jikin mai juyawa. A cikin firam ɗin tunani mai dacewa ana iya bayyana shi azaman canji a kusurwar farko ta Euler, yayin da kusurwa ta uku Euler ke bayyana juyawar kanta. A wata ma'anar, idan yanayin juyawar jiki da kansa yana juyawa game da axis na biyu, wannan jikin yana cewa yana kan gaba game da axis na biyu. Wani motsi wanda kusurwa ta biyu ta Euler ya canza shine ake kira nutation . A ilimin kimiyyar lissafi, akwai nau'ikan precession iri biyu: mara karfin juzu'i da kuma karfin juyi.
Telescope na rediyo: Telescope na rediyo eriya ce ta musamman kuma mai karɓar rediyo da ake amfani da ita don gano raƙuman rediyo daga kafofin rediyo na falaki a sama. Telescopes na rediyo sune babban kayan aikin da ake amfani da shi a cikin falaki, wanda ke nazarin kason mitar rediyo na wutan lantarki da abubuwa masu ilimin taurari ke fitarwa, kamar dai yadda telescopes na gani sune babban kayan aikin da ake amfani dasu a ilimin sararin samaniya na gargajiya wanda ke nazarin bangaren hasken igiyar hasken. yana zuwa daga abubuwa masu ilimin taurari. Ba kamar madubin hangen nesa ba, ana iya amfani da telescopes na rediyo da rana da kuma dare.
Astronomical rediyo tushe: Tushen rediyo na falaki abu ne a cikin sararin samaniya wanda ke fitar da igiyar rediyo mai ƙarfi. Watsi da rediyo ya fito ne daga tushe iri-iri. Irin waɗannan abubuwa suna daga cikin mawuyacin yanayin aiki na duniya.
Tsarin daidaitawa na taurari: Tsarin daidaitaccen tsarin tsarin taurari an shirya su ne don tantance matsayin tauraron dan adam, duniyoyi, taurari, taurari, da sauran abubuwan da ke sama dangane da wuraren ishara na zahiri da ake samu ga mai kallo. Tsarin daidaitawa cikin ilimin taurari na iya tantance matsayin abu a sararin samaniya mai girma uku ko kuma shirya makircinsa kawai a sararin samaniya, idan ba'a san nisan abu ba ko maras muhimmanci.
Yanayin sararin samaniya: Yanayin sararin samaniya shine karkacewar haske ko wasu kalaman electromagnetic daga madaidaiciya layin da yake wucewa ta cikin sararin samaniya saboda bambancin yanayin iska a matsayin aikin tsayi. Wannan refraction din yana faruwa ne saboda saurin haske ta hanyar iska yana raguwa tare da kara karfi. Yanayin sararin samaniya kusa da ƙasa yana haifar da abubuwan al'ajabi. Irin wannan gyaran na iya ɗaga ko ƙasa, ko shimfiɗa ko taƙaita, hotunan abubuwa masu nisa ba tare da haɗa abubuwan birgewa ba. Iska mai hayaniya na iya sa abubuwa masu nisa su zama kamar suna walƙiya ko sheƙi. Kalmar kuma tana aiki ne don ƙarancin sauti. Anyi la'akari da refraction na Yanayi wajen auna matsayin duka abubuwan sama da na kasa.
Astronomical zobba: Zoben taurari , wanda aka fi sani da zoben Gemma , kayan aikin taurari ne na farko. Kayan aikin ya kunshi zobba uku, wanda ke wakiltar mahassadan kerik, yankewa, da meridian
Tsarin sararin samaniya: Tauraron hangen nesa ko kuma lura da sararin samaniya shine hangen nesa da yake a cikin sararin samaniya don lura da duniyoyi masu nisa, taurari da sauran abubuwan falaki. Telescopes na sararin samaniya suna guje wa matattarar mitar ultraviolet, X-rays da gamma rays; murdiya (scintillation) na lantarki electromagnetic radiation; kazalika da gurɓataccen haske wanda wadatattun gidajen kallo ke cin karo dasu.
Tsarin tsaka mai wuya: Tsarin tsaka-tsakin sararin samaniya shine jerin hanyoyin da masu ilimin falaki ke tantance nisan abubuwa na sama. Hakikanin ma'aunin nesa kai tsaye na wani abu mai falaki zai yiwu ne kawai ga wadancan abubuwa wadanda suke "kusa da kusa da Duniya. Fasaha don ƙayyade nesa zuwa abubuwa masu nisa duk sun dogara ne da ƙididdiga daban-daban da aka auna tsakanin hanyoyin da ke aiki a nesa da hanyoyin da ke aiki a nesa mafi girma. Hanyoyi da yawa sun dogara da daidaitaccen kyandir , wanda shine abu mai ilimin taurari wanda ke da sanannen haske.
Tsarin tsaka mai wuya: Tsarin tsaka-tsakin sararin samaniya shine jerin hanyoyin da masu ilimin falaki ke tantance nisan abubuwa na sama. Hakikanin ma'aunin nesa kai tsaye na wani abu mai falaki zai yiwu ne kawai ga wadancan abubuwa wadanda suke "kusa da kusa da Duniya. Fasaha don ƙayyade nesa zuwa abubuwa masu nisa duk sun dogara ne da ƙididdiga daban-daban da aka auna tsakanin hanyoyin da ke aiki a nesa da hanyoyin da ke aiki a nesa mafi girma. Hanyoyi da yawa sun dogara da daidaitaccen kyandir , wanda shine abu mai ilimin taurari wanda ke da sanannen haske.
Yanayi: Lokaci lokaci ne na shekara dangane da sauyin yanayi, ilimin halittu, da yawan lokutan hasken rana a yankin da aka basu. A duniya, yanayi sakamakon zagayewar Duniya ne da ke zagaye da Rana da kuma karkatarwar doron duniya dangane da jirgin saman ecliptic. A cikin yankuna masu yanayi da na iyakacin duniya, lokutan ana nuna su ta hanyar canje-canje a cikin tsananin hasken rana wanda ya isa saman Duniyar, bambancin sa na iya haifar da dabbobi yin hijirar ko ƙaura, kuma tsirrai suyi bacci. Al'adu daban-daban suna ayyana lamba da yanayin yanayi dangane da bambancin yanki, kuma saboda haka akwai adadin al'adun zamani da na tarihi waɗanda yawan lokuta suke bambanta.
Gano taurari: A cikin ilimin taurari, gani yana nufin lalacewar hoton wani abu mai ilimin taurari saboda kwararar iska a cikin sararin samaniya wanda zai iya zama bayyane kamar dusashewa, juyi-juyi ko gurbata yanayi. Asalin wannan tasirin yana saurin canza bambancin yanayin kyan gani mai haske tare da hanyar haske na abin. Kallon babban iyakance ne ga kudurin mai kusurwa a cikin lura da taurari tare da telescopes wanda in ba haka ba za'a iyakance shi ta hanyar rarrabawa ta girman girman telescope budewa .Yau, manyan kimiyyar hangen nesa da yawa a cikin ƙasa sun haɗa da kimiyyar daidaitawa don shawo kan gani.
Jerin al'ummomin sararin samaniya: Jerin sanannun kungiyoyi waɗanda aka keɓe don inganta binciken ilimin taurari da ilimi.
Astungiyar Astronomical ta Ostiraliya: The Astronomical Society of Australia ( ASA ) itace ƙungiyar ƙwararrun masu wakiltar masana taurari a Ostiraliya. An kafa shi a 1966, an haɗa shi a cikin Babban Birnin Australiya. Kasancewa membobin kungiyar ASA a bude take ga mutane "masu iya bayar da gudummawa ga ci gaban falaki ko wani yanki na kusa da shi". Wannan yana nufin cewa membobin membobin galibi masanan taurari ne da ɗaliban karatun gaba. Wasu masana ilimin taurari da suka yi ritaya da fitattun masanan taurari suma membobinsu ne, kuma ƙungiyoyi da yawa membobi ne na Kamfanin. ASA a halin yanzu tana da mambobi kusan 600. Yana wallafa mujallar da aka yi nazari game da ɗan adam, Publications of the Astronomical Society of Australia .
Kwalejin Dharmaraja: Kwalejin Dharmaraja, wacce aka kafa a 1887, makarantar maza ce a Kandy, Sri Lanka. Makaranta ce ta Buddha tare da kusan ma'aikatan koyarwa 220 da kusan ɗalibai 4,200 +. Makarantar tana da tsofaffin tsofaffin ɗalibai waɗanda suka haɗa da William Gopallawa, AE Goonesinha, TB Kehelgamuwa, Chamara Kapugedera da sauransu.
Astungiyar Astronomical na Kudancin Afirka: Astungiyar Astronomical na Kudancin Afirka ( ASSA ), wacce aka kafa a 1922, ƙungiya ce mai yalwa wacce ta ƙunshi masu son ilimi da ƙwararrun masanan. Akwai cibiyoyi masu cin gashin kansu guda takwas a duk Kudancin Afirka.
Astungiyar Astronomical na Pacific: Astungiyar Astronomical Society of Pacific ( ASP ) ƙungiya ce ta kimiyya da ilimantarwa ta Amurka, an kafa ta a San Francisco a ranar 7 ga Fabrairu, 1889. Sunanta ya samo asali ne daga asalinsa a Tekun Pacific, amma a yau yana da mambobi a duk faɗin ƙasar da duniya. . Tana da matsayin doka na ƙungiyar ba da agaji.
Astronomical spectroscopi: Astronomical spectroscopy shine nazarin ilimin taurari ta hanyar amfani da fasahohin hangen nesa don auna nau'ikan hasken lantarki, ciki har da haske da rediyo, wanda ke fitowa daga taurari da sauran abubuwan da ke samaniya. A gagarumi bakan iya bayyana yawa Properties na taurari, kamar su sinadaran abun da ke ciki, yawan zafin jiki, yawa, salla, nesa, luminosity, da kuma zumunta motsi amfani Doppler shift ma'aunai. Hakanan ana amfani da Spectroscopy don nazarin abubuwan zahiri na wasu nau'ikan abubuwa na sama kamar taurari, nebulae, galaxies, da kuma galactic nuclei masu aiki.
Bazara: Lokacin bazara shine mafi tsananin yanayi na yanayi huɗu, yana faɗuwa bayan bazara da kafin kaka. A ko kusa da lokacin rani, fitowar rana ta farko da faduwar rana ta farko, kwanakin suna mafi tsawo kuma daren sun fi gajarta, tare da tsayin rana yana raguwa yayin da kakar ke ci gaba bayan faduwar rana. Kwanan farkon lokacin bazara ya bambanta gwargwadon yanayi, al'ada, da al'ada. Idan lokacin bazara ne a Arewacin duniya, lokacin sanyi ne a Kudancin Kasan, kuma akasin haka.
Binciken sararin samaniya: Binciken sararin samaniya babban taswira ne ko hoton wani yanki na sama wanda bashi da takamaiman abin lura. A madadin haka, binciken sararin samaniya na iya ƙunsar saitin hotuna da yawa ko abubuwan abubuwa waɗanda ke raba nau'I ɗaya ko fasali. Sau da yawa ana taƙaita saƙo zuwa rukuni ɗaya na keɓaɓɓiyar bakan saboda iyakancewar kayan aiki, kodayake ana iya yin safiyo da yawa ta amfani da masu gano abubuwa da yawa, kowannensu yana da banbancin bandwidth.
Binciken sararin samaniya: Binciken sararin samaniya babban taswira ne ko hoton wani yanki na sama wanda bashi da takamaiman abin lura. A madadin haka, binciken sararin samaniya na iya ƙunsar saitin hotuna da yawa ko abubuwan abubuwa waɗanda ke raba nau'I ɗaya ko fasali. Sau da yawa ana taƙaita saƙo zuwa rukuni ɗaya na keɓaɓɓiyar bakan saboda iyakancewar kayan aiki, kodayake ana iya yin safiyo da yawa ta amfani da masu gano abubuwa da yawa, kowannensu yana da banbancin bandwidth.
Alamar taurari: Alamar taurari alamu ne na zahiri wadanda aka yi amfani dasu don wakiltar abubuwa na taurari, ƙirar ka'idoji da abubuwan lura a cikin falakin Turai. Siffofin farko na waɗannan alamun sun bayyana a cikin rubutun papyrus na Girkanci na ƙarshen tsufa. Littattafan Byzantine waɗanda aka adana rubutun papyrus na Girka da yawa sun ci gaba da faɗaɗa alamun alamun taurari. Sabbin alamu sun kara kirkirar wasu sabbin duniyoyi da aka gano da kananan duniyoyi da aka gano a karni na 18 zuwa na 20.
Alamar taurari: Alamar taurari alamu ne na zahiri wadanda aka yi amfani dasu don wakiltar abubuwa na taurari, ƙirar ka'idoji da abubuwan lura a cikin falakin Turai. Siffofin farko na waɗannan alamun sun bayyana a cikin rubutun papyrus na Girkanci na ƙarshen tsufa. Littattafan Byzantine waɗanda aka adana rubutun papyrus na Girka da yawa sun ci gaba da faɗaɗa alamun alamun taurari. Sabbin alamu sun kara kirkirar wasu sabbin duniyoyi da aka gano da kananan duniyoyi da aka gano a karni na 18 zuwa na 20.
Tsarin taurari na raka'a: Tsarin falaki na raka'a , wanda a da ake kira IAU (1976) Tsarin Astronomical Constants , tsari ne na auna ma'auni wanda aka kirkira don amfani dashi a cikin falaki. Astungiyar Astungiyar Sararin Samaniya ta Duniya (IAU) ce ta karɓe ta a cikin 1976 ta hanyar Resolution No. 1, kuma an sabunta ta sosai a cikin 1994 da 2009.
Rikicin: A cikin ilimin taurari da kuma kewayawa na sama, ephemeris yana ba da yanayin abubuwan da ke faruwa a halin yanzu da kuma tauraron ɗan adam da ke sama, watau, matsayin lokaci. Bayanin asalin daga Latin ephemeris 'diary' ne kuma daga Girkanci e (ephemeris) 'littafin rubutu, mujallar'. A tarihance, ana bayar da matsayi azaman tebur ɗimbin ɗabi'u, waɗanda aka bayar lokaci-lokaci na lokaci da lokaci. Lissafin wadannan teburin ya kasance ɗayan aikace-aikacen farko na kwamfutocin kera abubuwa. Zamanin zamani ana lissafa shi ta hanyar lantarki, daga tsarin lissafi na motsi na abubuwan falaki da Duniya. Koyaya, har yanzu ana samar da ephemerides da aka buga, saboda suna da amfani yayin da babu na'urori masu lissafi.
Rikicin: A cikin ilimin taurari da kuma kewayawa na sama, ephemeris yana ba da yanayin abubuwan da ke faruwa a halin yanzu da kuma tauraron ɗan adam da ke sama, watau, matsayin lokaci. Bayanin asalin daga Latin ephemeris 'diary' ne kuma daga Girkanci e (ephemeris) 'littafin rubutu, mujallar'. A tarihance, ana bayar da matsayi azaman tebur ɗimbin ɗabi'u, waɗanda aka bayar lokaci-lokaci na lokaci da lokaci. Lissafin wadannan teburin ya kasance ɗayan aikace-aikacen farko na kwamfutocin kera abubuwa. Zamanin zamani ana lissafa shi ta hanyar lantarki, daga tsarin lissafi na motsi na abubuwan falaki da Duniya. Koyaya, har yanzu ana samar da ephemerides da aka buga, saboda suna da amfani yayin da babu na'urori masu lissafi.
Telescope: Telescope kayan aiki ne na gani ta amfani da ruwan tabarau, madubai masu lankwasa, ko kuma hade duka biyun don lura da abubuwa masu nisa, ko wasu na'urori da ake amfani dasu don lura da abubuwa masu nisa ta hanyar fitarwa, sha, ko kuma tunanin hasken lantarki. Nau'in hangen nesa na farko da aka sani shine yana lalata kayan hangen nesa da aka ƙirƙira a cikin Netherlands a farkon karni na 17, ta hanyar amfani da tabarau na gilashi. An yi amfani dasu don aikace-aikacen ƙasa da ilimin taurari.
James Croll: James Croll , FRS, masanin kimiyyar Scotland ne na karni na 19 wanda ya kirkiro ka'idar canjin yanayi bisa la'akari da canje-canje a kewayar Duniya.
Milankovitch hawan keke: Hanyoyin Milankovitch suna bayanin tasirin canje-canje a cikin motsi na Duniya akan yanayin ta cikin dubunnan shekaru. Kalmar an yi mata suna ne da sunan dan kasar Serbia kuma masanin kimiyyar sararin samaniya Milutin Milanković. A cikin 1920s, ya zayyana cewa bambancin yanayi, karkatar da hankali, da kuma fifiko sun haifar da bambance-bambancen cyclical a cikin hasken rana yana kaiwa Duniya, kuma cewa wannan yanayin da yake tilasta karfin tasirin tasirin yanayin duniya.
Tide: Raƙuman ruwa sune hauhawa da faɗuwa na matakan teku sakamakon haɗakar tasirin tasirin karfin da Wata da Rana ke yi, da juyawar Duniya.
24-agogo: Agogin awa 24, wanda aka fi sani da Amurka da wasu ƙasashe a matsayin lokacin soja , taro ne na ƙayyadadden lokaci wanda rana ke farawa daga tsakar dare zuwa tsakar dare kuma an raba shi zuwa awa 24. Ana nuna wannan ta awowin da suka wuce tun tsakar dare, daga 0 zuwa 23. Wannan tsarin shine sanarwa mafi yawan lokuta da ake amfani da ita a duniya a yau, kuma ana amfani da ita ta ƙirar ƙasa ta ISO 8601.
Canjin lokaci: Canjin lokaci lokaci ne wanda yake aiki da wutar lantarki wanda tsarin lokaci ke sarrafa shi.
Taron taurari na ɗan lokaci: A dõgẽwa astronomical taron, sau da yawa taqaitaccen da ilmin Taurari zuwa dõgẽwa, shi ne wani astronomical abu ko sabon abu wanda duration iya zama daga ƴan daƙiƙa zuwa kwanaki, makonni, ko ma shekaru da dama. Wannan ya bambanta da lokacin miliyoyin miliyoyi ko biliyoyin shekaru yayin da taurari da taurarin abubuwan da suke haɗuwa a sararin samaniya suke. A lokaci guda, ana amfani da kalmar don abubuwan da ke faruwa a sararin samaniya, kamar su supernovae, novae, dwarf nova outburs, gamma-ray bursts, da kuma rikicewar rikice-rikice na ruwa, da kuma gravitational microlensing, transits, eclipses, and comets. Waɗannan abubuwan sune ɓangare na batun batun ilimin taurari.
Tafiya (falaki): A cikin ilimin taurari, wucewa abu ne mai ban mamaki yayin da jikin sama ya wuce kai tsaye tsakanin babban jiki da mai lura. Kamar yadda aka kalle shi daga wani wurin, jiki mai jujjuyawar ya bayyana yana motsawa gaba da fuskar babbar jikin, yana rufe wani yanki kadan daga ciki.
Magariba: Maraice a duniya shine hasken ƙananan yanayi lokacin da Rana ba zata fito kai tsaye ba saboda tana ƙasa da sararin samaniya. Haskewar rana yana samuwa ne ta hanyar watsawar hasken rana a cikin yanayin sama, yana haskaka yanayin ƙasa don kada fuskar Duniya ta kasance gaba ɗaya haske balle duhu. Ana amfani da kalmar magariba don nuna lokutan lokacin da wannan hasken ke faruwa.
Magariba: Maraice a duniya shine hasken ƙananan yanayi lokacin da Rana ba zata fito kai tsaye ba saboda tana ƙasa da sararin samaniya. Haskewar rana yana samuwa ne ta hanyar watsawar hasken rana a cikin yanayin sama, yana haskaka yanayin ƙasa don kada fuskar Duniya ta kasance gaba ɗaya haske balle duhu. Ana amfani da kalmar magariba don nuna lokutan lokacin da wannan hasken ke faruwa.
Astungiyar Astronomical: Theungiyar ilimin taurari wani yanki ne na tsayi, kusan nisansa daga Duniya zuwa Rana kuma yayi daidai da kusan kilomita miliyan 150 ko ~ 8 mintuna masu haske. Hakikanin tazarar ta bambanta da kusan 3% yayin da Duniya ke zagayowar Rana, daga matsakaicin (aphelion) zuwa mafi ƙarancin (perihelion) kuma tana dawowa sau ɗaya kowace shekara. Rukunan ilimin taurari asalinsu an haife su azaman matsakaiciyar abin duniya da rashi; duk da haka, tun daga shekarar 2012 aka bayyana shi daidai 149 597 870 700 m .
Astungiyar Astronomical: Theungiyar ilimin taurari wani yanki ne na tsayi, kusan nisansa daga Duniya zuwa Rana kuma yayi daidai da kusan kilomita miliyan 150 ko ~ 8 mintuna masu haske. Hakikanin tazarar ta bambanta da kusan 3% yayin da Duniya ke zagayowar Rana, daga matsakaicin (aphelion) zuwa mafi ƙarancin (perihelion) kuma tana dawowa sau ɗaya kowace shekara. Rukunan ilimin taurari asalinsu an haife su azaman matsakaiciyar abin duniya da rashi; duk da haka, tun daga shekarar 2012 aka bayyana shi daidai 149 597 870 700 m .
Tsarin taurari na raka'a: Tsarin falaki na raka'a , wanda a da ake kira IAU (1976) Tsarin Astronomical Constants , tsari ne na auna ma'auni wanda aka kirkira don amfani dashi a cikin falaki. Astungiyar Astungiyar Sararin Samaniya ta Duniya (IAU) ce ta karɓe ta a cikin 1976 ta hanyar Resolution No. 1, kuma an sabunta ta sosai a cikin 1994 da 2009.
Wurin yanayi: Taga sararin samaniya na iya komawa zuwa: Tagar rediyo Infrared taga Tantancewar taga
Shekara: Shekaran shine lokacin juyawar jikin dan adam, misali, Duniya, tana tafiya a cikin zagawarta zuwa Rana. Saboda karkatarwar duniya, tafiyar shekara guda tana ganin shudewar yanayi, wanda aka yiwa alama da canjin yanayi, awannin rana, da kuma, sakamakon haka, ciyayi da yalwar ƙasa. A cikin yankuna masu sanyin jiki da kewayen duniya, yanayi huɗu galibi ana gane su: bazara, bazara, kaka da hunturu. A cikin yankuna masu zafi da na can ƙasa, yankuna da yawa ba sa gabatar da ayyukana yanayi; amma a yanayin yankuna na yankuna, ana ganewa da bin sahun shekara-shekara da kuma lokacin rani.
Yearididdigar shekara mai ilimin taurari: Ididdigar shekarar Astronomical ta dogara ne da ƙididdigar shekara ta AD / CE, amma ya bi lambar adadi na adadi daidai. Don haka, tana da shekara 0; shekarun da suka gabata an sanya su da lambobi marasa kyau kuma shekarun da suka biyo baya an sanya su da lambobi masu kyau. Masu ilimin taurari suna amfani da kalandar Julian tsawon shekaru kafin 1582, gami da shekara ta 0, da kalandar Miladiyya tsawon shekaru bayan 1582, kamar yadda Jacques Cassini (1740), Simon Newcomb (1898) da Fred Espenak (2007) suka buga misali.
Babban lambobi: Lambobin da suke da girma fiye da waɗanda galibi ake amfani da su a rayuwar yau da kullun, misali a cikin ƙidayar sauƙi ko ma'amaloli na kuɗi, suna fitowa sau da yawa a fannoni irin su lissafi, kimiyyar sararin samaniya, zane-zane, da makanikan lissafi. Kalmar yawanci tana nufin manyan lambobi masu kyau, ko kuma galibi gaba ɗaya, lambobin tabbatacce na gaske, amma kuma ana iya amfani da shi a cikin wasu abubuwan. Nazarin nomenclature da kaddarorin adadi mai yawa wani lokaci ana kiransa googology.
Babban lambobi: Lambobin da suke da girma fiye da waɗanda galibi ake amfani da su a rayuwar yau da kullun, misali a cikin ƙidayar sauƙi ko ma'amaloli na kuɗi, suna fitowa sau da yawa a fannoni irin su lissafi, kimiyyar sararin samaniya, zane-zane, da makanikan lissafi. Kalmar yawanci tana nufin manyan lambobi masu kyau, ko kuma galibi gaba ɗaya, lambobin tabbatacce na gaske, amma kuma ana iya amfani da shi a cikin wasu abubuwan. Nazarin nomenclature da kaddarorin adadi mai yawa wani lokaci ana kiransa googology.
Rahoton falaki: Rahoton Falaki , dan Rasha ne, kowane wata, bita da bita, mujallar kimiyya. Wannan mujallar tana mai da hankali ga ƙoƙarin wallafe-wallafenta akan binciken asali game da batutuwan sararin samaniya. Sauran nau'o'in rahoto suma an haɗa su kamar abubuwan tarihi, ayyukan taron kasa da kasa, da nazarin littafi. An kafa shi a cikin 1924, an bayyana shi a matsayin sanannen jarida mai ilimin taurari a lokacin Soviet Union. Asali asalin bugawa, ana samun sa a layi. Babban Editan shi ne Alexander A. Boyarchuk, Cibiyar Nazarin Falaki ta Kwalejin Kimiyya ta Rasha, Moscow, Rasha.
Rahoton falaki: Rahoton Falaki , dan Rasha ne, kowane wata, bita da bita, mujallar kimiyya. Wannan mujallar tana mai da hankali ga ƙoƙarin wallafe-wallafenta akan binciken asali game da batutuwan sararin samaniya. Sauran nau'o'in rahoto suma an haɗa su kamar abubuwan tarihi, ayyukan taron kasa da kasa, da nazarin littafi. An kafa shi a cikin 1924, an bayyana shi a matsayin sanannen jarida mai ilimin taurari a lokacin Soviet Union. Asali asalin bugawa, ana samun sa a layi. Babban Editan shi ne Alexander A. Boyarchuk, Cibiyar Nazarin Falaki ta Kwalejin Kimiyya ta Rasha, Moscow, Rasha.
Modra Observatory: Masanin binciken sararin samaniya na Modra , wanda aka fi sani da Modra Observatory ko kuma Astronomical and Geophysical observatory a Modra , cibiyar lura da sararin samaniya ce da ke Modra, Slovakia. Jami'ar Comenius ce da ke Bratislava ta mallake shi kuma tana sarrafa ta. Binciken kimiyya a dakin binciken yana karkashin jagorancin Sashin ilimin taurari, Physics na Duniya da Meteorology, Faculty of Lissafi, Physics da Informatics.
Modra Observatory: Masanin binciken sararin samaniya na Modra , wanda aka fi sani da Modra Observatory ko kuma Astronomical and Geophysical observatory a Modra , cibiyar lura da sararin samaniya ce da ke Modra, Slovakia. Jami'ar Comenius ce da ke Bratislava ta mallake shi kuma tana sarrafa ta. Binciken kimiyya a dakin binciken yana karkashin jagorancin Sashin ilimin taurari, Physics na Duniya da Meteorology, Faculty of Lissafi, Physics da Informatics.
Astronomica (Manilius): Astronomica , wanda aka fi sani da Astronomicon , waƙa ce ta Latin game da abubuwan da ke faruwa a sama, wanda aka rubuta a cikin hexameters kuma ya kasu kashi biyar. An rubuta Astronomica c. AD 30-40 ta wani mawaƙin Roman wanda mai yiwuwa sunansa Marcus Manilius; ba a san Manilius sosai ba, kuma kodayake akwai shaidar cewa mai yiwuwa wasu marubutan Rome da yawa sun karanta Astronomica , babu wasu ayyuka da suka rage da suka ambata shi.
L'Astronomie (mujallar): L ' Astronomie shine mujallar taurari na kowane wata wanda mujallar Société astronomique de France (SAF) ke bugawa. Patrick Baradeau, Shugaban SAF, shi ne Daraktan Bugawa kuma masanin taurari Fabrice Mottez shi ne Babban Edita.
L'Astronomie (mujallar): L ' Astronomie shine mujallar taurari na kowane wata wanda mujallar Société astronomique de France (SAF) ke bugawa. Patrick Baradeau, Shugaban SAF, shi ne Daraktan Bugawa kuma masanin taurari Fabrice Mottez shi ne Babban Edita.
Astronomische Gesellschaft: Astronomische Gesellschaft wata ƙungiya ce ta taurari da aka kafa a 1863 a Heidelberg, ta biyu mafi tsufa zamantakewar taurari bayan Royal Astronomical Society.
Astronomische Gesellschaft Katalog: Littafin Astronomische Gesellschaft (AGK) shine kundin tauraron taurari. Foraddamarwa don fasalin farko, AGK1 , an fara shi a 1861 ta Friedrich Argelander kuma an buga shi tsakanin 1890 da 1954, yana lissafa taurari 200 000 har zuwa girma na tara.
Astronomische Gesellschaft: Astronomische Gesellschaft wata ƙungiya ce ta taurari da aka kafa a 1863 a Heidelberg, ta biyu mafi tsufa zamantakewar taurari bayan Royal Astronomical Society.
Astronomische Nachrichten: Astronomische Nachrichten , daya daga cikin mujallu na farko a duniya a fannin ilimin taurari, an kafa shi ne a 1821 daga masanin sararin samaniya dan kasar Jamus Heinrich Christian Schumacher. Tana ikirarin cewa ita ce mafi tsohuwar mujallar ilimin taurari a duniya da har yanzu ake bugawa. Bugun a yau ya kware ne kan labarai kan kimiyyar lissafi, hasken rana, ilimin sararin samaniya, ilimin kimiya, ilimin kimiya, da kayan aikin wadannan fannoni. Duk labaran suna ƙarƙashin bita ne.
Tauraron Dan Adam Astronomical Netherlands: Tauraron Dan Adam din Astronomical na Netherlands ya kasance mai haskaka sararin samaniya ne mai hango sararin samaniya. An ƙaddamar da shi zuwa sararin samaniya a ranar 30 ga Agusta 1974 da 14:07:39 UTC a cikin roka Scout daga Vandenberg Air Force Base, Amurka. An gudanar da aikin ne tsawon watanni 20 har zuwa Yunin 1976, kuma Cibiyar Horar da binciken sararin samaniya ta Netherlands (NIVR) da NASA ne suka ba da haɗin gwiwa. ANS shine tauraron dan adam na farko na Dutch, kuma Main Belt asteroid 9996 ANS aka sa masa suna. ANS ta sake shiga cikin yanayin duniya a ranar 14 ga Yuni, 1977.
Tauraron Dan Adam Astronomical Netherlands: Tauraron Dan Adam din Astronomical na Netherlands ya kasance mai haskaka sararin samaniya ne mai hango sararin samaniya. An ƙaddamar da shi zuwa sararin samaniya a ranar 30 ga Agusta 1974 da 14:07:39 UTC a cikin roka Scout daga Vandenberg Air Force Base, Amurka. An gudanar da aikin ne tsawon watanni 20 har zuwa Yunin 1976, kuma Cibiyar Horar da binciken sararin samaniya ta Netherlands (NIVR) da NASA ne suka ba da haɗin gwiwa. ANS shine tauraron dan adam na farko na Dutch, kuma Main Belt asteroid 9996 ANS aka sa masa suna. ANS ta sake shiga cikin yanayin duniya a ranar 14 ga Yuni, 1977.
Astronomische Vereinigung Kärntens: Astungiyar Astronomical ta Carinthian Ita ce babbar ƙungiyar astronomical ta biyu a Austria. CAA tana da mallaki biyu na lura da kuma duniya. Daya dakin binciken yana kusa da Klagenfurt, akan Kreuzbergl, dayan kuma akan Gerlitze, kusa da Villach. Duniyar duniya tana kusa da Klagenfurt kusa da Minimundus.
Astronomische Vereinigung Kärntens: Astungiyar Astronomical ta Carinthian Ita ce babbar ƙungiyar astronomical ta biyu a Austria. CAA tana da mallaki biyu na lura da kuma duniya. Daya dakin binciken yana kusa da Klagenfurt, akan Kreuzbergl, dayan kuma akan Gerlitze, kusa da Villach. Duniyar duniya tana kusa da Klagenfurt kusa da Minimundus.
Astronomische Vereinigung Kärntens: Astungiyar Astronomical ta Carinthian Ita ce babbar ƙungiyar astronomical ta biyu a Austria. CAA tana da mallaki biyu na lura da kuma duniya. Daya dakin binciken yana kusa da Klagenfurt, akan Kreuzbergl, dayan kuma akan Gerlitze, kusa da Villach. Duniyar duniya tana kusa da Klagenfurt kusa da Minimundus.
Cibiyar Nazarin Ilmin Taurari (Jami'ar Heidelberg): Cibiyar Nazarin Ilmin Taurari wata cibiyar bincike ce a Heidelberg, Jamus, wacce ta faro tun daga 1700s. Farawa a cikin 2005, ARI ta zama wani ɓangare na Cibiyar Nazarin Falaki a Jami'ar Heidelberg. A baya can, cibiyar ta kasance kai tsaye ta jihar Baden-Württemberg.
Uppsala Astronomical Observatory: Uppsala Astronomical Observatory ( UAO ), Astronomiska observatoriet i Uppsala ) ita ce tsoffin obseran wasan sararin samaniya a Sweden. An kafa shi a cikin 1741, kodayake akwai kujerar farfesan ilimin taurari a Jami'ar Uppsala daga 1593 kuma kundin tarihin jami'a sun haɗa da bayanan lacca a cikin falaki daga 1480s.
Masanin taurari: Masanin ilmin taurari masanin kimiyya ne a fannin ilimin sararin samaniya wanda ke mai da hankali kan karatun su kan takamaiman tambaya ko fanni a bayan Duniyar. Suna lura da abubuwan taurari kamar taurari, taurari, wata, taurari da taurari - a cikin ilimin taurari na nazari ko na nazari. Misalan batutuwa ko fannoni masu nazarin taurari sun haɗa da kimiyyar duniya, ilmin taurari, hasken rana, asali ko canjin taurari, ko samuwar taurari. Batutuwa masu alaƙa amma dabam dabam kamar ilimin sararin samaniya, wanda ke nazarin Duniya gabaɗaya.
Astungiyar Astronomical Ruđer Bošković: Đungiyar Astronomical Society Ruđer Bošković ƙungiya ce ta falaki a cikin Belgrade, Serbia. An kafa shi a cikin 1934 ta ƙungiyar ɗalibai, ita ce mafi tsufa a cikin Balkans. Da farko samun membobi da yawa, a yau ya tara sama da masoyan taurari 700. An lakafta shi ne bayan Ruđer Bošković.
Astungiyar Astronomical Ruđer Bošković: Đungiyar Astronomical Society Ruđer Bošković ƙungiya ce ta falaki a cikin Belgrade, Serbia. An kafa shi a cikin 1934 ta ƙungiyar ɗalibai, ita ce mafi tsufa a cikin Balkans. Da farko samun membobi da yawa, a yau ya tara sama da masoyan taurari 700. An lakafta shi ne bayan Ruđer Bošković.
Vita Hludovici: Vita Hludovici ko Vita Hludovici Imperatoris tarihin rayuwa ne wanda ba a sani ba na Louis the Tious, Holy Roman Emperor da King of Franks daga AD 814 zuwa 840.
Falaki: Ilmin taurari ilimin kimiyya ne na halitta wanda ke nazarin abubuwan sama da abubuwan al'ajabi. Tana amfani da lissafi, kimiyyar lissafi, da ilmin sunadarai don bayanin asalinsu da yadda suke rayuwa. Abubuwan sha'awa sun haɗa da taurari, watanni, taurari, nebulae, taurari, da kuma taurari. Abubuwan da suka dace sun haɗa da fashewar supernova, fashewar gamma, quasars, blazars, pulsars, da cosmic microwave background radiation. Gabaɗaya, ilimin taurari yana nazarin duk abin da ya samo asali bayan yanayin duniya. Cosmology reshe ne na ilimin taurari wanda ke nazarin duniya gaba daya.
Astronomy da Astrophysics: Astronomy & Astrophysics mujallar kimiyya ce da aka bita da takwarorinta wadanda suka shafi ka'idoji, lura, da ilimin taurari da kuma ilimin taurari. Jaridar tana gudana ne ta Hukumar Gudanarwa da ke wakiltar ƙasashe 27 masu ɗaukar nauyi tare da wakilin ofungiyar Kula da Kudancin Turai. Babban editocin A&A su ne babban edita, Thierry Forveille; babban editan wasikun, João Alves; da editan manajan David Elbaz. An buga mujallar ta Kimiyyar EDP a cikin batutuwa 12 a kowace shekara.
Astronomy (disambiguation): Ilmin taurari shine ilimin kimiya game da abubuwan da ke sama.
Astronomy da Astrophysics: Astronomy & Astrophysics mujallar kimiyya ce da aka bita da takwarorinta wadanda suka shafi ka'idoji, lura, da ilimin taurari da kuma ilimin taurari. Jaridar tana gudana ne ta Hukumar Gudanarwa da ke wakiltar ƙasashe 27 masu ɗaukar nauyi tare da wakilin ofungiyar Kula da Kudancin Turai. Babban editocin A&A su ne babban edita, Thierry Forveille; babban editan wasikun, João Alves; da editan manajan David Elbaz. An buga mujallar ta Kimiyyar EDP a cikin batutuwa 12 a kowace shekara.
Astronomy (mujallar): Astronomy ita ce mujallar Amurkawa kowane wata game da ilimin taurari. Tarwatsa masu son ilimin taurari, yana ƙunshe da ginshiƙai a kallon sama, hotunan masu karatu da aka gabatar, da kuma labarai game da ilimin taurari da astrophysics don masu karatu gaba ɗaya.
Astronomy: Lura da Ka'idoji: Falaki: Lura da Ra'ayoyi wani shiri ne na talabijin wanda aka gabatar dashi tsawon kaka daya daga shekara ta 2005 zuwa 2006. Ya ƙunshi aukuwa 20 na minti ashirin da takwas wanda kuma ana kiransu darussa kuma galibi ana kallon su akan tashoshin talabijin na jama'a.
Astronomy: Lura da Ka'idoji: Falaki: Lura da Ra'ayoyi wani shiri ne na talabijin wanda aka gabatar dashi tsawon kaka daya daga shekara ta 2005 zuwa 2006. Ya ƙunshi aukuwa 20 na minti ashirin da takwas wanda kuma ana kiransu darussa kuma galibi ana kallon su akan tashoshin talabijin na jama'a.
Cast na Astronomy: Fitar taurari tauraron dan adam ne mai zaman kansa wanda yake tattaunawa kan batutuwa daban daban a bangaren ilimin taurari. Takamaiman batun kowane juzu'i yana canjawa daga mako zuwa sati, wanda ya faro daga taurari da taurari zuwa ilimin sararin samaniya da tatsuniyoyi. Farkon ranar 10 ga Satumba, 2006, Fraser Cain da Dokta Pamela L. Gay ne suka shirya shirin na mako-mako. Fraser Kayin shine mai buga shafin yanar gizo na sararin samaniya da sararin samaniya Universe A yau kuma yana da tashar YouTube tare da masu biyan 200,000. Sauran mai masaukin, Dokta Pamela L. Gay, babbar Kwararriyar Ilimi ce da Sadarwa kuma Babbar Masaniyar Kimiyyar Planetary kuma darekta ce ta CosmoQuest. Kowane wasa yawanci yana da tsayin kusan minti 30, kuma duk nunin, na da da na yanzu, ana samun damar saukarwa ta hanyar Taskar Astronomy Cast, haka kuma a cikin tsarin kwasfan fayiloli.
Astronomy da Astrophysics: Astronomy & Astrophysics mujallar kimiyya ce da aka bita da takwarorinta wadanda suka shafi ka'idoji, lura, da ilimin taurari da kuma ilimin taurari. Jaridar tana gudana ne ta Hukumar Gudanarwa da ke wakiltar ƙasashe 27 masu ɗaukar nauyi tare da wakilin ofungiyar Kula da Kudancin Turai. Babban editocin A&A su ne babban edita, Thierry Forveille; babban editan wasikun, João Alves; da editan manajan David Elbaz. An buga mujallar ta Kimiyyar EDP a cikin batutuwa 12 a kowace shekara.
Astronomy da Astrophysics: Astronomy & Astrophysics mujallar kimiyya ce da aka bita da takwarorinta wadanda suka shafi ka'idoji, lura, da ilimin taurari da kuma ilimin taurari. Jaridar tana gudana ne ta Hukumar Gudanarwa da ke wakiltar ƙasashe 27 masu ɗaukar nauyi tare da wakilin ofungiyar Kula da Kudancin Turai. Babban editocin A&A su ne babban edita, Thierry Forveille; babban editan wasikun, João Alves; da editan manajan David Elbaz. An buga mujallar ta Kimiyyar EDP a cikin batutuwa 12 a kowace shekara.