| Amonia: Amonia wani sinadarin nitrogen ne da kuma hydrogen tare da tsarin NH 3 . Amintaccen iskar shayarwa, da mafi sauki pntogen hydride, ammoniya gas ne mara launi tare da halayyar kamshi mai wari. Sharadin nitrogenous ne na yau da kullun, musamman tsakanin kwayoyin halittun ruwa, kuma yana ba da gudummawa sosai ga bukatun abinci mai gina jiki na ƙirar ƙasa ta hanyar zama madaidaicin abinci da takin zamani. Amonia, ko dai kai tsaye ko a kaikaice, ita ma tubalin gini ne don haɗa yawancin kayayyakin magani kuma ana amfani da shi cikin yawancin kayayyakin tsabtace kasuwanci. Yawanci ana tattara shi ta hanyar ƙaurawar iska da ruwa. | |
| Ammonium nitrite: Amonium nitrite , NH 4 NO 2 , shine gishirin ammonium na nitrous acid. Ba'a amfani dashi a cikin tsarkakakken tsari tunda yana da matukar karko kuma yana narkewa cikin ruwa da nitrogen, koda a yanayin zafin jiki. | |
| Amfanin nonium Amfanin nonium ba shine tsarin tsari ba, wanda yake da alaƙar keɓaɓɓen ganye wanda bashi da aikin ƙasa. Ana iya amfani dashi don murkushewa da sarrafa ciyawa, gami da ciyawa, itacen inabi, ƙarƙashin goro, da shuke-shuke shekara / shekara, gami da gansakuka, tsire-tsire, da masu shayar da bishiyoyi. An siyar da noniumate na Ammonium azaman mafita na ruwa. A cikin zafin jiki na ɗaki a mafi girman ƙarfinsa a cikin ruwa (40%). Hanyoyi ba su da launi don ruwan rawaya mai ƙwanƙyashi tare da ƙanshin acid mai ƙanshi kaɗan. Yana da karko a cikin ajiya Amfanin nonium wanda yake kamar farin lu'ulu'u ne. | |
| Amonium orthomolybdate: Ammonium orthomolybdate shine asalin mahaɗan tsari tare da dabara mai ƙira (NH 4 ) 2 MoO 4 . Yana da farin farin wanda aka shirya shi ta hanyar kula da molybdenum trioxide tare da ammonia mai ruwa. Bayan dumama wadannan mafita, ammonia shi batacce ne, to ba ammonium heptamolybdate ((NH 4) 6 Mo 7 Yã 24. 4H 2 Ya). Amonium orthomolybdate ana amfani dashi azaman mai hana lalata kuma shine matsakaici a cikin wasu tsare-tsaren cin nasarar molybdenum daga kayanta. | |
| Ammonium oxalate: Amonium oxalate , C 2 H 8 N 2 O 4 - an fi rubuta shi da yawa kamar (NH 4 ) 2 C 2 O 4 - gishirin oxalate ne wanda ke tare da ammonium (wani lokacin a matsayin mai ɗauke da ruwa). Gishiri ne mara launi (fari) a ƙarƙashin daidaitattun yanayi kuma ba shi da ƙamshi kuma ba ya canzawa. Shine gishirin ammonium na oxalic acid, kuma yana faruwa a cikin shuke-shuke da kayan lambu da yawa. | |
| Amonium mai tsinkaye: Ammonium heptamolybdate shine mahaɗan tsari wanda tsarin sunadarai shine (NH 4 ) 6 Mo 7 O 24 , yawanci ana cin karo dashi azaman tetrahydrate. Hakanan sanannen dihydrate. Ba shi da launi mara launi, wanda ake kira ammonium paramolybdate ko kuma kawai ammonium molybdate , kodayake "ammonium molybdate" na iya nufin ammonium orthomolybdate, (NH 4 ) 2 MoO 4 , da sauran mahadi da yawa. Yana daya daga cikin mahimmin mahadi molybdenum. | |
| Amon paratungstate: Ammonium paratungstate (ko APT) shine gishirin farin ƙarfe mai ƙyalƙyali mai ƙwaya mai ƙarfi (NH 4 ) 10 (H 2 W 12 O 42 ) · 4H 2 O. An bayyana shi a matsayin "mafi mahimman kayan ɗanɗano don samfuran tungsten." | ![]() |
| Amfanin nonium Amfanin nonium ba shine tsarin tsari ba, wanda yake da alaƙar keɓaɓɓen ganye wanda bashi da aikin ƙasa. Ana iya amfani dashi don murkushewa da sarrafa ciyawa, gami da ciyawa, itacen inabi, ƙarƙashin goro, da shuke-shuke shekara / shekara, gami da gansakuka, tsire-tsire, da masu shayar da bishiyoyi. An siyar da noniumate na Ammonium azaman mafita na ruwa. A cikin zafin jiki na ɗaki a mafi girman ƙarfinsa a cikin ruwa (40%). Hanyoyi ba su da launi don ruwan rawaya mai ƙwanƙyashi tare da ƙanshin acid mai ƙanshi kaɗan. Yana da karko a cikin ajiya Amfanin nonium wanda yake kamar farin lu'ulu'u ne. | |
| Amfani na ammonium: Amfani na Amium ("AP") wani yanki ne wanda ba na tsari ba tare da tsarin NH 4 ClO 4 . Ba shi da launi ko fari mai ƙarfi wanda yake narkewa cikin ruwa. Yana da oxidan iska mai ƙarfi. Haɗe tare da mai, ana iya amfani da shi azaman jigilar roka. Rashin zaman lafiyarta ya sanya ta cikin hadurra da dama, kamar masifa ta PEPCON. | |
| Ammonium mai haɗakarwa mai haɗuwa: Amiumium perchlorate composite propellant ( APCP ) shine mai na zamani wanda ake amfani dashi a cikin motocin roket masu ƙarfi. Ya banbanta da yawancin masu yin roket na gargajiya masu ƙarfi kamar baƙin foda ko zinc-sulfur, ba wai kawai a cikin abubuwan da ke cikin sinadarai da aikin gaba ɗaya ba har ma da yanayin yadda ake sarrafa shi. Ana jefa APCP cikin sifa, sabanin latsa foda kamar baƙin foda. Wannan yana samar da tsari na yau da kullun da maimaitawa, waɗanda sune buƙatun buƙata don amfani dasu a cikin masana'antar sararin samaniya. | |
| Amfani na ammonium: Ammonium perfluorononanoate ( APFN ) shine mai ba da labari mai ban tsoro wanda a cikin ruwa yana samar da sifofin ruwa mai ƙyallen ruwa. Shine gishirin ammonium na perfluorononanoic acid. | |
| Perfluorooctanoic acid: Perfluorooctanoic acid ( PFOA ) - wanda aka fi sani da suna a matsayin C8 - shine furotin da ke dauke da sinadarin carboxylic wanda aka yi amfani da shi a duk duniya azaman masaniyar masana'antar sarrafa sinadarai kuma a matsayin kayan abinci. Samfurin damuwa ne na kiwon lafiya kuma yana ƙarƙashin aiwatar da ƙa'idodi da ƙarancin masana'antu na masarufi. Ana daukar PFOA a matsayin mai tallata ruwa, ko kuma mai saurin fitarwa, saboda tsarinta na sinadarai, wanda ya kunshi sinadarin turare, n -octyl "tail group" da "shugaban rukuni" na carboxylate. Ana iya bayyana rukunin shugaban a matsayin hydrophilic yayin da wutsiyar fluorocarbon duka hydrophobic da lipophobic. Tailungiyar wutsiya ba ta aiki kuma ba ta yin mu'amala da ƙarfi tare da mararin polar ko mara haɗari; rukunin shugaban yana da kuzari kuma yana hulɗa da karfi tare da ƙungiyoyin polar, musamman ruwa. "Wutsiyar" ruwa ne na ruwa saboda rashin kazar-kazar da lipophobic saboda fluorocarbons ba su da saurin fuskantar bazuwar London fiye da hydrocarbons. | |
| Kamfanin amoniium Ammonium permanganate shine hadadden sinadaran NH 4 MnO 4 , ko NH 3 · HMnO 4 . Yana da ruwa mai narkewa, violet-brown ko gishirin purple purple. Yana da karfi mai gurɓataccen abu, saboda lahaninsa na har abada, kuma yana da ƙarfi mai ƙarfi a matsakaici, saboda haɗuwa da ƙwayar oxidizer da kuma rage cation ammonium. Bushewar ammonium zai iya fashewa ta hanyar zafi, turawa, ko gogayya, kuma tana iya fashewa a yanayin zafi sama da 140 ° F (60 ° C). | |
| Amonium ya mamaye: Ammonium ya cika (APS) shine mahaɗan mahaɗan tsari tare da dabara (NH 4 ) 2 S 2 O 8 . Gishiri ne mara launi (fari) wanda yake narkewa sosai a cikin ruwa, yafi wanda yake da alaƙa da gishirin potassium. Wakili ne mai ƙarfi wanda yake amfani da shi wajen amfani da sinadarai a polymer, a matsayin mai sihiri, kuma a matsayin mai tsaftacewa da kuma liƙa fata. | |
| Amonium ya mamaye: Ammonium ya cika (APS) shine mahaɗan mahaɗan tsari tare da dabara (NH 4 ) 2 S 2 O 8 . Gishiri ne mara launi (fari) wanda yake narkewa sosai a cikin ruwa, yafi wanda yake da alaƙa da gishirin potassium. Wakili ne mai ƙarfi wanda yake amfani da shi wajen amfani da sinadarai a polymer, a matsayin mai sihiri, kuma a matsayin mai tsaftacewa da kuma liƙa fata. | |
| Ammonium perrhenate: Ammonium perrhenate (APR) shine gishirin ammonium na sinadarin perrhenic, NH 4 ReO 4 . Shine mafi yawan nau'ikan da ake cinikin rhenium. Fari ne, mai gishiri mai narke ruwa. An fara bayyanarsa jim kaɗan bayan gano rhenium. | |
| Ammonium perrhenate: Ammonium perrhenate (APR) shine gishirin ammonium na sinadarin perrhenic, NH 4 ReO 4 . Shine mafi yawan nau'ikan da ake cinikin rhenium. Fari ne, mai gishiri mai narke ruwa. An fara bayyanarsa jim kaɗan bayan gano rhenium. | |
| Amonium ya mamaye: Ammonium ya cika (APS) shine mahaɗan mahaɗan tsari tare da dabara (NH 4 ) 2 S 2 O 8 . Gishiri ne mara launi (fari) wanda yake narkewa sosai a cikin ruwa, yafi wanda yake da alaƙa da gishirin potassium. Wakili ne mai ƙarfi wanda yake amfani da shi wajen amfani da sinadarai a polymer, a matsayin mai sihiri, kuma a matsayin mai tsaftacewa da kuma liƙa fata. | |
| Amonium ya mamaye: Ammonium ya cika (APS) shine mahaɗan mahaɗan tsari tare da dabara (NH 4 ) 2 S 2 O 8 . Gishiri ne mara launi (fari) wanda yake narkewa sosai a cikin ruwa, yafi wanda yake da alaƙa da gishirin potassium. Wakili ne mai ƙarfi wanda yake amfani da shi wajen amfani da sinadarai a polymer, a matsayin mai sihiri, kuma a matsayin mai tsaftacewa da kuma liƙa fata. | |
| Kwayar kwayar cuta ta Ammonium: Ammonium pertechnetate mahaɗan sinadarai ne tare da dabara NH 4 TcO 4 . Shine gishirin ammonium na pertechnetic acid. Mafi yawan nau'ikan tsari yana amfani da 99 Tc . Gidan yana narkewa cikin sauƙi a cikin hanyoyin samar da ruwa wanda yake samar da ammonium da ions pertechnetate. | ![]() |
| Ammonium phosphate: Ammonium phosphate shine mahaɗan inorganic tare da dabara (NH 4 ) 3 PO 4 . Shine gishirin ammonium na orthophosphoric acid. Abin da ya danganci "gishiri biyu", (NH 4 ) 3 PO 4 . (NH 4 ) 2 HPO 4 an kuma san shi amma yana da amfani mara amfani. Dukkanin gishirin triammonium sun samo asali ammonia. Ya bambanta da yanayin rashin daidaiton gishirin triammonium, sinadarin diammonium phosphate (NH 4 ) 2 HPO 4 da gishirin monoammonium (NH 4 ) H 2 PO 4 abubuwa ne masu karko waɗanda aka saba amfani dasu azaman takin zamani don samar da tsirrai da tsayayyen nitrogen da phosphorus. | |
| Ammonium phosphate (mahadi): Ammonium phosphate yana nufin mahaɗan sinadarai daban-daban guda uku, dukkansu ana samasu ne ta hanyar ammonia tare da phosphoric acid kuma suna da babban tsari [NH 4 ] x [H 3 − x PO 4 ], inda 1 ≤ x ≤ 3:
| |
| Ammonium phosphate: Ammonium phosphate shine mahaɗan inorganic tare da dabara (NH 4 ) 3 PO 4 . Shine gishirin ammonium na orthophosphoric acid. Abin da ya danganci "gishiri biyu", (NH 4 ) 3 PO 4 . (NH 4 ) 2 HPO 4 an kuma san shi amma yana da amfani mara amfani. Dukkanin gishirin triammonium sun samo asali ammonia. Ya bambanta da yanayin rashin daidaiton gishirin triammonium, sinadarin diammonium phosphate (NH 4 ) 2 HPO 4 da gishirin monoammonium (NH 4 ) H 2 PO 4 abubuwa ne masu karko waɗanda aka saba amfani dasu azaman takin zamani don samar da tsirrai da tsayayyen nitrogen da phosphorus. | |
| Cakuda ammonium salts na phosphorylated glycerides: Hadin gishirin ammonium na phosphorylated glycerides na iya zama ko dai a sanya shi cikin roba ko kuma daga cakuda glycerol da ƙananan tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire. | |
| Ammonium phosphomolybdate: Amonium phosphomolybdate shine gishirin da ba shi da asali na phosphomolybdic acid tare da samfurin sunadarai (NH 4 ) 3 PMo 12 O 40 . Yana dauke da sinadarin phosphomolybdate. | |
| Dunnite: Dunnite , wanda aka fi sani da Fashewar D ko kuma tsari a matsayin ammonium picrate , abun fashewa ne wanda aka haɓaka a cikin 1906 ta Manjo Janar na Amurka Beverly W. Dunn, wanda daga baya ya yi aiki a matsayin babban sufeto na Ofishin fashewar Ababen hawa. Amonium picrate gishiri ne wanda aka samar dashi ta hanyar amsar picric acid da ammonia. Yana da alaƙa da yanayin haɓakar fashewar trinitrotoluene (TNT). | |
| Dunnite: Dunnite , wanda aka fi sani da Fashewar D ko kuma tsari a matsayin ammonium picrate , abun fashewa ne wanda aka haɓaka a cikin 1906 ta Manjo Janar na Amurka Beverly W. Dunn, wanda daga baya ya yi aiki a matsayin babban sufeto na Ofishin fashewar Ababen hawa. Amonium picrate gishiri ne wanda aka samar dashi ta hanyar amsar picric acid da ammonia. Yana da alaƙa da yanayin haɓakar fashewar trinitrotoluene (TNT). | |
| Amonium hexachloroplatinate: Amonium hexachloroplatinate , wanda aka fi sani da ammonium chloroplatinate, shine mahaɗan inorganic tare da dabara (NH 4 ) 2 [PtCl 6 ]. Misali ne mai ƙarancin gishiri mai narkewa (IV) wanda ba hygroscopic ba. Yana samarda mafita mai rawaya sosai a cikin ruwa. A gaban 1M NH 4 Cl , solubility dinsa kawai 0.0028 g / 100 mL ne. | |
| Ammonium polyphosphate: Ammonium polyphosphate shine gishirin da ba shi da asali na polyphosphoric acid da ammoniya wanda ya ƙunshi sarƙoƙi da yiwuwar reshe. Tsarin sunadarai shine [NH 4 PO 3 ] n (OH) 2 yana nuna cewa kowane monomer ya ƙunshi tsinkayen orthophosphate na atom phosphorus tare da oxygens uku da kuma ƙarancin caji mara kyau wanda aka cire daga ammonium cation ya bar shaidu biyu kyauta don yin polymerize. A cikin rararran lamura wasu monomers sun rasa ammonium anion kuma a maimakon haka suna danganta zuwa wasu monomers guda uku. | |
| Ammonium mai tallatawa: Amonium propionate ko ammonium propanoate shine gishirin ammonium na propionic acid. Yana da samfurin sunadarai NH 4 (C 2 H 5 COO). | |
| Murexide: Murexide (NH 4 C 8 H 4 N 5 O 6 , ko C 8 H 5 N 5 O 6 · NH 3 ), ana kuma kiransa ammonium purpurate ko MX , shine gishirin ammonium na tsarkakakken acid. Abu ne mai shunayya mai laushi wanda yake narkewa cikin ruwa. An taɓa amfani da mahaɗin azaman mai nuna alama. Maganin ruwa-ruwa rawaya ne a low pH, ja-shunayya a cikin raunin acidic mai rauni, da shuɗi-shuɗi a cikin maganin alkaline. | |
| Ammonium dichromate: Ammonium dichromate mahaɗan mahaɗan tsari ne tare da dabara (NH 4 ) 2 Cr 2 O 7 . A cikin wannan mahaɗan, kamar yadda yake a cikin dukkanin chromates da dichromates, chromium yana cikin yanayin + oxidation, wanda aka fi sani da chromium mai haɗari. Gishiri ne wanda ya ƙunshi ion ammonium da ion dichromate. | |
| Pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate: Pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate (PDTC) dangi ne na magungunan da ke da alaƙa da juna waɗanda ake amfani da su don ƙera ƙarfe, shigar da kamawar kwayar G1 lokaci, da hana shigar da nitric oxide synthase. | |
| Pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate: Pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate (PDTC) dangi ne na magungunan da ke da alaƙa da juna waɗanda ake amfani da su don ƙera ƙarfe, shigar da kamawar kwayar G1 lokaci, da hana shigar da nitric oxide synthase. | |
| Gishirin Reinecke: Gishirin Reinecke mahaɗin sunadarai ne tare da dabara NH 4 [Cr (NCS) 4 (NH 3 ) 2 ] · H 2 O. Maƙarƙan jan-lu'ulu'u mai narkewa mai narkewa ne cikin ruwan zãfi, acetone, da ethanol. Atom din chromium yana kewaye da wasu atamomin nitrogen guda shida a cikin wani octahedral geometry. A NH 3 ligands suna da tarayyar trans da Kr-NCS kungiyoyi ne mikakke. Gishirin yana murɗa kwaya ɗaya na ruwa. | |
| Amoniya: Cation ammonium shine aka ɗora nauyin ion polyatomic mai kyau tare da samfurin sunadarai NH + | |
| Amfani da amonium: Amonium selenide mahaɗin sunadarai ne tare da alamar (NH 4 ) 2 Se. An bayar da rahoton hadawa da yawa amma ba a tabbatar da su ba. Anyi shi ta hanyar ammonia tare da hydrogen selenide. | |
| Ammonium mai haskakawa: Ammonium fluorosilicate (wanda aka fi sani da ammonium hexafluorosilicate, ammonium fluosilicate ko ammonium silicofluoride) yana da dabara (NH 4 ) 2 SiF 6 . Sinadari ne mai guba, kamar dukkanin gishirin fluorosilicic acid. An yi shi da fararen lu'ulu'u, wanda ke da aƙalla polymorphs uku kuma ya bayyana a cikin yanayi kamar ƙananan ma'adinai cryptohalite ko bararite. | |
| Ammonium mai haskakawa: Ammonium fluorosilicate (wanda aka fi sani da ammonium hexafluorosilicate, ammonium fluosilicate ko ammonium silicofluoride) yana da dabara (NH 4 ) 2 SiF 6 . Sinadari ne mai guba, kamar dukkanin gishirin fluorosilicic acid. An yi shi da fararen lu'ulu'u, wanda ke da aƙalla polymorphs uku kuma ya bayyana a cikin yanayi kamar ƙananan ma'adinai cryptohalite ko bararite. | |
| Ammonium sulfamate: Ammonium sulfamate wani farin farin ƙarfe ne, mai narkewa cikin ruwa. Ana amfani da shi azaman ganyayyaki mai fa'ida, tare da ƙarin amfani azaman takin mai hanzari, jinkirin harshen wuta da ayyukan masana'antu. | |
| Amonium sulfate: Amonium sulfate (Ingilishi Amurkawa da amfani da kimiyyar duniya; ammonium sulphate a Ingilishi Ingilishi); (NH 4 ) 2 SO 4 , gishiri ne wanda ba shi da asali tare da yawan amfani da kasuwanci. Mafi amfani dashi shine a matsayin taki na ƙasa. Ya ƙunshi 21% nitrogen da 24% sulfur. | |
| Ammonium sulfate hazo: Ammonium sulfate hazo shine ɗayan hanyoyin da akafi amfani dasu don manya da sikelin sikanin furotin da ƙananan abubuwa waɗanda za'a iya amfani dasu don rarrabe sunadarai ta hanyar canza ƙarfinsu a gaban kasancewar babban gishiri. | |
| Ammonium hydrosulfide: Ammonium hydrosulfide shine mai hada sinadarai tare da dabara (NH 4 ) HS. | |
| Amonium sulfite: Amonium sulfite shine gishirin ammonium na sulfurous acid tare da tsarin sunadarai (NH 4 ) 2 SO 3 . | |
| Ammonium mai siye: Ammonium thiocyanate mahadi ne wanda ba shi da asali tare da dabara NH 4 SCN. Shine gishirin ammonium cation da thiocyanate anion. | |
| Ammonium mai siye: Ammonium thiocyanate mahadi ne wanda ba shi da asali tare da dabara NH 4 SCN. Shine gishirin ammonium cation da thiocyanate anion. | |
| Ammonium sulfamate: Ammonium sulfamate wani farin farin ƙarfe ne, mai narkewa cikin ruwa. Ana amfani da shi azaman ganyayyaki mai fa'ida, tare da ƙarin amfani azaman takin mai hanzari, jinkirin harshen wuta da ayyukan masana'antu. | |
| Amonium sulfate: Amonium sulfate (Ingilishi Amurkawa da amfani da kimiyyar duniya; ammonium sulphate a Ingilishi Ingilishi); (NH 4 ) 2 SO 4 , gishiri ne wanda ba shi da asali tare da yawan amfani da kasuwanci. Mafi amfani dashi shine a matsayin taki na ƙasa. Ya ƙunshi 21% nitrogen da 24% sulfur. | |
| Ammonium hydrosulfide: Ammonium hydrosulfide shine mai hada sinadarai tare da dabara (NH 4 ) HS. | |
| Amonium sulfite: Amonium sulfite shine gishirin ammonium na sulfurous acid tare da tsarin sunadarai (NH 4 ) 2 SO 3 . | |
| Amon tetrafluoroborate: Amonium tetrafluoroborate (ko ammonium fluoroborate ) shine gishirin inorganic wanda ya ƙunshi cation na ammonium da tetrafluoroborate anion, tare da samfurin sunadarai NH 4 BF 4 . Lokacin da zafin yayi rugujewa, ammonium tetrafluoroborate yana fitar da hayaki mai guba na hydrogen fluoride, nitrogen oxides, da ammonia. | |
| Gishirin Reinecke: Gishirin Reinecke mahaɗin sunadarai ne tare da dabara NH 4 [Cr (NCS) 4 (NH 3 ) 2 ] · H 2 O. Maƙarƙan jan-lu'ulu'u mai narkewa mai narkewa ne cikin ruwan zãfi, acetone, da ethanol. Atom din chromium yana kewaye da wasu atamomin nitrogen guda shida a cikin wani octahedral geometry. A NH 3 ligands suna da tarayyar trans da Kr-NCS kungiyoyi ne mikakke. Gishirin yana murɗa kwaya ɗaya na ruwa. | |
| Amonium tetrathiomolybdate: Amonium tetrathiomolybdate shine hadewar sinadarai tare da dabara (NH 4 ) 2 MoS 4 . Wannan gishirin ammonium mai haske ja yana da mahimmanci a cikin ilimin sunadarai na molybdenum kuma anyi amfani dashi azaman ginin gini a cikin ilimin sunadarai. Iounƙarin thiometallate yana da keɓaɓɓen kayan aiki na yin aikin shaƙuwa a cibiyoyin sulfur wanda ke tare da rage ƙarfe daga Mo (VI) zuwa Mo (IV). | |
| Ammonium mai siye: Ammonium thiocyanate mahadi ne wanda ba shi da asali tare da dabara NH 4 SCN. Shine gishirin ammonium cation da thiocyanate anion. | |
| Ammonium mai cin abinci: Ammonium thioglycolate , wanda aka fi sani da perm salt , shine gishirin thioglycolic acid da ammonia. Yana da dabara HSCH 2 CO 2 NH 4 kuma yana da amfani a cikin lalacewar gashi. | |
| Ammonium mai cin abinci: Ammonium thioglycolate , wanda aka fi sani da perm salt , shine gishirin thioglycolic acid da ammonia. Yana da dabara HSCH 2 CO 2 NH 4 kuma yana da amfani a cikin lalacewar gashi. | |
| Amonium tetrathiomolybdate: Amonium tetrathiomolybdate shine hadewar sinadarai tare da dabara (NH 4 ) 2 MoS 4 . Wannan gishirin ammonium mai haske ja yana da mahimmanci a cikin ilimin sunadarai na molybdenum kuma anyi amfani dashi azaman ginin gini a cikin ilimin sunadarai. Iounƙarin thiometallate yana da keɓaɓɓen kayan aiki na yin aikin shaƙuwa a cibiyoyin sulfur wanda ke tare da rage ƙarfe daga Mo (VI) zuwa Mo (IV). | |
| Amonus mai girma: Amonium thiosulfate ( ammonium thiosulphate a cikin Ingilishi na Ingilishi) wani yanki ne wanda ba shi da asali tare da dabara (NH 4 ) 2 S 2 O 3 . Yana da farin lu'ulu'u mai kamshi da warin ammoniya, mai narkewa cikin ruwa, dan kadan mai narkewa cikin acetone da rashin narkewa cikin ethanol da diethyl ether. | |
| Amonus mai girma: Amonium thiosulfate ( ammonium thiosulphate a cikin Ingilishi na Ingilishi) wani yanki ne wanda ba shi da asali tare da dabara (NH 4 ) 2 S 2 O 3 . Yana da farin lu'ulu'u mai kamshi da warin ammoniya, mai narkewa cikin ruwa, dan kadan mai narkewa cikin acetone da rashin narkewa cikin ethanol da diethyl ether. | |
| Masu jigilar kaya zuwa Amonia: Masu safarar ammonia sunadaran sunadaran jigilar jigilar membrane wadanda ake kira Amt sunadarai a cikin kwayoyin cuta da shuke-shuke, methylammonium / ammonium permeases (MEPs) a cikin yisti, ko kuma sunadarai Rhesus (Rh) a cikin tsirrai. A cikin mutane, RhAG, RhBG, da RhCG Rhesus sunadaran sunada dangi mai dauke da daddalai 42 yayin da RhD da RhCE suka zama tsarin rukunin Rh. Tsarin sifa uku na sinadarin Ammonia sufuri AmtB daga Escherichia coli an tantance shi ta hanyar x-ray crystallography wanda yake bayyana tashar ammonia na hydrophobic. An gano ɗan jigilar RhCG ammonia ɗin yana da irin wannan tashar tashar ammonia. An ba da shawarar cewa erythrocyte Rh hadadden heterotrimer ne na RhAG, RhD, da kuma RhCE subunits wanda RhD da RhCE zasu iya taka rawa wajen ragargaza rukunin RhAG mai ammonia zuwa cytoskeleton. Bisa ga gwaje-gwajen sake sakewa, ƙananan rukunin RhCG kadai zasu iya aiki don jigilar ammoniya. Ana buƙatar RhCG don haɓakar ƙazamar acid ta ƙodar linzamin kwamfuta da epididymis. | ![]() |
| Ammonium na lokaci-lokaci: Ammonium triiodide (NH 4 I 3 ) shine gishirin ammonium cation tare da aniodon triiodide. | |
| Ammonium na lokaci-lokaci: Ammonium triiodide (NH 4 I 3 ) shine gishirin ammonium cation tare da aniodon triiodide. | |
| Ammonium metavanadate: Ammonium metavanadate shine mahaɗin tsari tare da dabara NH 4 VO 3 . Farin gishiri ne, kodayake samfuran galibi rawaya ne saboda ƙazantar V 2 O 5 . Yana da mahimmin matsakaici a cikin tsarkakewar vanadium. | |
| Amonium uranyl carbonate: Amoniumium uranyl carbonate (UO 2 CO 3 · 2 (NH 4 ) 2 CO 3 ) sananne ne a masana'antar sarrafa uranium kamar AUC kuma ana kiranta uranyl ammonium carbonate . Wannan mahaɗin yana da mahimmanci a matsayin ɓangare a cikin juyawar uranium hexafluoride (UF 6 ) zuwa uranium dioxide (UO 2 ). Ammonium uranyl carbonate an hade shi da tururi da hydrogen a 500-600 ° C don samar da UO 2 . A wani tsari na uranyl nitrate, wanda aka fi sani da uranyl nitrate giya (UNL) ana bi da shi tare da ammonium bicarbonate don samar da ammonium uranyl carbonate a matsayin tsawan tsawan ruwa. An raba wannan daga maganin, an bushe shi da methanol sannan a sanya shi cikin iska tare da hydrogen kai tsaye zuwa UO 2 don samun foda mai zafin rai. Tsohon-AUC uranium dioxide foda yana gudana ne kyauta, wanda bashi da nauyi (10 µ) kuma yana tare da takamaiman yanki a kewayon 5 m 2 / g kuma ya dace da pelletisation kai tsaye, yana gujewa matakin girke-girke. Juyawa zuwa UO 2 galibi ana yin sa azaman matakin farko na ƙera makamin nukiliya. | |
| Batutun Ammonium: Ammonium vanadate na iya koma zuwa:
| |
| Batutun Ammonium: Ammonium vanadate na iya koma zuwa:
| |
| Ammonium chloride: Ammonium chloride wani sinadari ne wanda ba na tsari ba tare da tsarin NH 4 Cl da kuma wani farin gishiri wanda yake narkewa sosai cikin ruwa. Maganin ammonium chloride suna da ƙananan acidic. Sal ammoniac suna ne na halitta, nau'in ma'adinai na ammonium chloride. Ma'adanai galibi ana samar da shi ne kan ɗumbin kwalliyar kwal daga sanadin iskar gas da ake samu. Hakanan an samo shi a kusa da wasu nau'ikan raƙuman wuta. Yawanci ana amfani dashi azaman taki da kayan ƙanshi a wasu nau'ikan barasar giya. Samfurin ne daga tasirin hydrochloric acid da ammonia. | |
| Hexaperchloratoaluminate: Xaarin hexaperchloratoaluminate shine hadadden sau uku mara kyau na perchlorate tare da aluminum. Yana da alaƙa da hexanitratoaluminate da tetraperchloratoaluminate duk waɗannan suna da ƙarfin kuzari cikin kayan aiki. | |
| Amoni: Ammonius na iya koma zuwa:
| |
| Amoni Hamas: Ammonius Hermiae ya kasance bafalsafe ɗan Girka ne daga Iskandariya a daular Roman ta gabas a ƙarshen Marigayi. Neoplatonist, shi ɗa ne ga masana falsafa Hermias da Aedesia, ɗan'uwan Heliodorus na Iskandariya kuma jikan Syriaus. Ammonius dalibi ne na Proclus a Roman Athens, kuma ya koyar a Alexandria a mafi yawan rayuwarsa, bayan ya sami kujeran jama'a a cikin 470s. | |
| Amoni: Ammonius na iya koma zuwa:
| |
| Amoni: Ammonius na iya koma zuwa:
| |
| Ammonius (Alexandrian monk): Ammonius mabiya addinin kirista ne wanda ya shiga gwagwarmayar iko tsakanin bishop Cyril na Alexandria da Praefectus augustalis Orestes a cikin karni na 5. | |
| Ammonius (bakin dutse): Amonis ne mai tsaka-tsakin tasirin tasirin wata tare da madaidaicin madaidaicin dutse. Tana kan benen fili mai suna Ptolemaeus, kimanin kilomita 30 a arewa maso gabas daga tsakiyar ramin. | |
| Amoni: Ammonius na iya koma zuwa:
| |
| Amoni: Ammonius na iya koma zuwa:
| |
| Ammonius kumar: Amonius pupulus wani nau'in Afirka ta Tsakiya ne wanda ake goge gizo-gizo gizo-gizo. Jinsi ne kawai a cikin jinsin Ammonius . Tamerlan Thorell ne ya fara bayyana shi a 1899, kuma an samo shi ne kawai a cikin Kamaru. | |
| Saint Amun: Ammon , Amun , Ammonas , Amoun (Ἀμοῦν), ko Ammonius the Hermit sun kasance Krista na karni na 4 kuma sun kafa ɗayan al'ummomin zuhudu da aka fi so a cikin Masar sannan daga baya aka ayyana shi a matsayin waliyi. Ya kasance ɗayan maɗaukakiyar bishara ta hamada ta Nitrian, kuma Saint Athanasius ya ambace shi a rayuwarsa ta Saint Anthony. Sunansa ɗaya ne da na tsohon allahn Masar na Amun. | |
| Amon Grammaticus: Ammonius Grammaticus firist ne na ƙasar Masar a ƙarni na 4 wanda, bayan halakar gidan bautar arna a Alexandria (389), ya gudu zuwa Constantinople, inda ya zama mai koyar da masanin tarihin cocin Socrates. | |
| Amoni Hamas: Ammonius Hermiae ya kasance bafalsafe ɗan Girka ne daga Iskandariya a daular Roman ta gabas a ƙarshen Marigayi. Neoplatonist, shi ɗa ne ga masana falsafa Hermias da Aedesia, ɗan'uwan Heliodorus na Iskandariya kuma jikan Syriaus. Ammonius dalibi ne na Proclus a Roman Athens, kuma ya koyar a Alexandria a mafi yawan rayuwarsa, bayan ya sami kujeran jama'a a cikin 470s. | |
| Amoni Hamas: Ammonius Hermiae ya kasance bafalsafe ɗan Girka ne daga Iskandariya a daular Roman ta gabas a ƙarshen Marigayi. Neoplatonist, shi ɗa ne ga masana falsafa Hermias da Aedesia, ɗan'uwan Heliodorus na Iskandariya kuma jikan Syriaus. Ammonius dalibi ne na Proclus a Roman Athens, kuma ya koyar a Alexandria a mafi yawan rayuwarsa, bayan ya sami kujeran jama'a a cikin 470s. | |
| Amoni Lithotomos: Ammonius Lithotomos , na Iskandariyya, ya kasance ɗan addinin Girka ne. | |
| Amino Saccas: Ammonius Saccas ɗan falsafa ne daga Iskandariyya wanda galibi ake maganarsa a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin waɗanda suka kafa ƙungiyar neoplatonism. Mafi yawanci an san shi da malamin Plotinus, wanda ya koyar tsawon shekaru goma sha ɗaya daga 232 zuwa 243. Babu shakka ya kasance mafi girman tasiri a kan Plotinus a ci gaban sa neoplatonism, kodayake ba a san komai game da nasa ra'ayoyin falsafa ba. Daga baya marubutan Kirista sun bayyana cewa Ammonius Kirista ne, amma a yanzu ana ɗauka cewa akwai wani Ba'amoniya ɗan Alezandariya wanda ya rubuta rubutun Littafi Mai Tsarki. | |
| Ammonius (bakin dutse): Amonis ne mai tsaka-tsakin tasirin tasirin wata tare da madaidaicin madaidaicin dutse. Tana kan benen fili mai suna Ptolemaeus, kimanin kilomita 30 a arewa maso gabas daga tsakiyar ramin. | |
| Amoni: Ammonius na iya koma zuwa:
| |
| Amoni: Ammonius na iya koma zuwa:
| |
| Amoni na Iskandariya (Falsafa na Kirista): Ammonius na Alexandria ana ɗaukarsa ɗan falsafar kirista ne wanda ya rayu a ƙarni na 3. Shine mai yiwuwa Ammonius Saccas, masanin falsafar Neoplatonist, shima daga Alexandria. | |
| Jerin 'yan wasan da suka lashe gasar Olympics a Stadion: Mai zuwa jerin wadanda suka lashe tseren Stadion a wasannin Olimpic daga 776 BC zuwa 225 AD. Ya dogara ne akan jerin da Eusebius na Caesarea ya bayar ta hanyar amfani da haɗin Sextus Julius Africanus. Wasan Stadion shi ne na farko kuma mafi mahimmiyar gasa na tsoffin Olympiads kuma yawancin masu rubutun Girka suna amfani da sunayen waɗanda suka yi nasara har zuwa kwanan wata abubuwan tarihi. | |
| Amon na Atina: Ammonius na Athens , wani lokaci ana kiransa Ammonius the Peripatetic , masanin falsafa ne wanda ya koyar a Athens a ƙarni na 1 AD. | |
| Amon na Atina: Ammonius na Athens , wani lokaci ana kiransa Ammonius the Peripatetic , masanin falsafa ne wanda ya koyar a Athens a ƙarni na 1 AD. | |
| Amon na Atina: Ammonius na Athens , wani lokaci ana kiransa Ammonius the Peripatetic , masanin falsafa ne wanda ya koyar a Athens a ƙarni na 1 AD. | |
| Amon na Atina: Ammonius na Athens , wani lokaci ana kiransa Ammonius the Peripatetic , masanin falsafa ne wanda ya koyar a Athens a ƙarni na 1 AD. | |
| Ammonius kumar: Amonius pupulus wani nau'in Afirka ta Tsakiya ne wanda ake goge gizo-gizo gizo-gizo. Jinsi ne kawai a cikin jinsin Ammonius . Tamerlan Thorell ne ya fara bayyana shi a 1899, kuma an samo shi ne kawai a cikin Kamaru. | |
| Eusebian Canons: Useungiyoyin Eusebian , sassan Eusebian ko kayan Eusebian , wanda aka fi sani da sassan Ammonawa , su ne tsarin rarraba Linjila huɗu da aka yi amfani da su tsakanin ƙarshen Antiquity da Middle Ages. Rarraba cikin surori da ayoyin da aka yi amfani da su a cikin matani na zamani sun samo asali ne kawai daga ƙarni na 13 da 16, bi da bi. Ana nuna sassan a cikin gefen kusan dukkanin rubuce-rubucen Baibul na Girkanci da Latin, kuma galibi ana taƙaita su a cikin Canon Tables a farkon Injila. Akwai kusan sashe 1165: 355 na Matiyu, 235 na Mark, 343 na Luka, da 232 na Yahaya; lambobin, duk da haka, sun ɗan bambanta kaɗan a rubuce-rubuce daban-daban. | |
| Saint Amun: Ammon , Amun , Ammonas , Amoun (Ἀμοῦν), ko Ammonius the Hermit sun kasance Krista na karni na 4 kuma sun kafa ɗayan al'ummomin zuhudu da aka fi so a cikin Masar sannan daga baya aka ayyana shi a matsayin waliyi. Ya kasance ɗayan maɗaukakiyar bishara ta hamada ta Nitrian, kuma Saint Athanasius ya ambace shi a rayuwarsa ta Saint Anthony. Sunansa ɗaya ne da na tsohon allahn Masar na Amun. | |
| Amon na Atina: Ammonius na Athens , wani lokaci ana kiransa Ammonius the Peripatetic , masanin falsafa ne wanda ya koyar a Athens a ƙarni na 1 AD. | |
| Masarautar Amon: Ammonoceratites dadadden jinsin ammonoid cephalopod sananne ne daga Albian na British Columbia, Madagascar, New Zealand, da Japan, waɗanda aka haɗa a cikin Lytoceratidae. | |
| Amoidea: Ammonoids rukuni ne na dabbobin mollusc da ke cikin ruwa a cikin ƙaramin fasalin Ammonoidea na ajin Cephalopoda. Wadannan mollusc din, wadanda galibi ake kiransu ammonites , suna da kusancin kusanci da coleoids masu rai fiye da yadda suke zuwa nautiloids kamar su Nautilus mai rai. Ammonites na farko sun bayyana yayin Devonian, kuma nau'ikan ƙarshe sun ɓace a cikin lamarin ɓarna na Cretaceous – Paleogene. | |
| Amoidea: Ammonoids rukuni ne na dabbobin mollusc da ke cikin ruwa a cikin ƙaramin fasalin Ammonoidea na ajin Cephalopoda. Wadannan mollusc din, wadanda galibi ake kiransu ammonites , suna da kusancin kusanci da coleoids masu rai fiye da yadda suke zuwa nautiloids kamar su Nautilus mai rai. Ammonites na farko sun bayyana yayin Devonian, kuma nau'ikan ƙarshe sun ɓace a cikin lamarin ɓarna na Cretaceous – Paleogene. | |
| Amoidea: Ammonoids rukuni ne na dabbobin mollusc da ke cikin ruwa a cikin ƙaramin fasalin Ammonoidea na ajin Cephalopoda. Wadannan mollusc din, wadanda galibi ake kiransu ammonites , suna da kusancin kusanci da coleoids masu rai fiye da yadda suke zuwa nautiloids kamar su Nautilus mai rai. Ammonites na farko sun bayyana yayin Devonian, kuma nau'ikan ƙarshe sun ɓace a cikin lamarin ɓarna na Cretaceous – Paleogene. | |
| Amolysis: Ammonolysis (/ am · mo · nol · y · sis /) wani nau'in tasirin sinadarai ne wanda ake amfani da ammonia a matsayin mai sarrafawa. Amolylysis za a iya gudanar da shi tare da mahaɗan kwayoyin don samar da amines, ko kuma tare da mahaɗan inorganic don samar da nitrides. Wannan aikin yayi daidai da hydrolysis wanda ake raba kwayoyin halittar ruwa. | |
| Shirye-shirye: Ammonoosuc ko Ammonusuc na iya koma zuwa:
| |
| Shirye-shirye: Ammonoosuc ko Ammonusuc na iya koma zuwa:
| |
| Kogin Ammonoosuc: Kogin Ammonoosuc kogi ne mai nisan mil 55 (kilomita 89) a arewa maso yammacin New Hampshire a Amurka. Yankin ruwa ne na Kogin Connecticut, wanda ke gudana zuwa Sautin Long Island. Ammonoosuc shine Abnaki don "ƙaramin, matsattsun wurin kamun kifi". | |
| Ammonoosuc Volcanics: Amon dinsuc Volcanics wani yanki ne na dutse a sassan New Hampshire da Vermont a Amurka. An kira wannan rukunin don Kogin Ammonoosuc wanda ya ratsa ta ɓangaren New Hampshire wanda ke da Gidan tsaunin na Ammonoosuc. | |
| Sharar jiki: Lalacewar abubuwan rayuwa ko najasa abubuwa ne da suka rage daga hanyoyin tafiyar da rayuwa (kamar numfashi na salula) wanda kwayar ba zata iya amfani da su ba (ragi ne ko mai guba), saboda haka dole ne a fitar da su. Wannan ya hada da sinadarin nitrogen, ruwa, CO 2 , phosphates, sulphates, da dai sauransu Dabbobi suna daukar wadannan mahaukatan azaman fitarwa Tsire-tsire suna da "injina" da ke canza wasu daga cikinsu (musamman mahaɗan nitrogen) zuwa abubuwa masu amfani. | |
| Sharar jiki: Lalacewar abubuwan rayuwa ko najasa abubuwa ne da suka rage daga hanyoyin tafiyar da rayuwa (kamar numfashi na salula) wanda kwayar ba zata iya amfani da su ba (ragi ne ko mai guba), saboda haka dole ne a fitar da su. Wannan ya hada da sinadarin nitrogen, ruwa, CO 2 , phosphates, sulphates, da dai sauransu Dabbobi suna daukar wadannan mahaukatan azaman fitarwa Tsire-tsire suna da "injina" da ke canza wasu daga cikinsu (musamman mahaɗan nitrogen) zuwa abubuwa masu amfani. | |
| Ammoxidation: A cikin ilmin sunadarai, ammoxidation tsari ne na masana'antu don samar da nitriles ta amfani da ammonia da oxygen. Abubuwan da aka saba sabawa alken ne. Wani lokaci ana kiranta aikin Sohio , yana mai yarda cewa ammoxidation ya fara ganowa ne ta Standard Oil na Ohio a cikin 1957. Wani muhimmin aikace-aikace na wannan tsari shine samar da acrylonitrile:
| |
| Ammons: Ammons sunan mahaifi ne. Sanannun mutane tare da sunan mahaifa sun haɗa da:
| |
| Elizabeth Ammons: Elizabeth Ammons masaniyar adabin Ba'amurke ce, a halin yanzu ita Harriet B. Fay Farfesan Adabi a Jami'ar Tufts. | |
| Ammons Creek Falls: Ammons Creek Falls wani ruwa ne da ke cikin Tallulah Ranger District na Chattahoochee National Forest a Rabun County, Georgia wanda ke kwance sama da ƙafa 100. Akwai hanyar tafiya ta mil mil 1.75 wacce ke ba da damar zuwa duka Holcomb Creek Falls na kusa da Ammons Creek Falls. Akwai dutsen kallo na katako don kallon faduwar. | |
| Jerin Makarantun Jama'a na Miami-Dade County: | |
| Ammons Saurin Gwaji: Ammons Quick Test (QT) gwaji ne na hankali wanda Robert B. Ammons da matarsa Carol H. Ammons suka tsara a 1962. An yi amfani da wannan gwajin shekaru da yawa don taimakawa wajen tantance ƙididdigar ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya. Jarabawa ce mai saurin ɗaukar hoto-ƙamus. | |
| Ammons Saurin Gwaji: Ammons Quick Test (QT) gwaji ne na hankali wanda Robert B. Ammons da matarsa Carol H. Ammons suka tsara a 1962. An yi amfani da wannan gwajin shekaru da yawa don taimakawa wajen tantance ƙididdigar ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya. Jarabawa ce mai saurin ɗaukar hoto-ƙamus. | |
| Ammons farauta harka: Karar da ake yi wa Ammons din , wanda kuma aka fi sani da Gidan Aljanu 200 ko Gidan Shaidan , zargi ne na fatalwa da mallakar aljanu wanda ya faru a garin Gary, Indiana, a Amurka a 2011. Latoya Ammons, mahaifiyarta, Rosa Campbell, da 'ya'yanta uku da'awar aikin paranormal ya faru a cikin gidan. An yada labarin a watan Janairun 2014 kuma ya sami kulawa ta kasa. | |
| Amouskositte: Amouskositte, ko Amo-sgiasite , Yariman Chota , na Great Tellico ɗa ne ga Moytoy na Tellico kuma ya yi ƙoƙari ya gaje shi a matsayin "Sarkin Cherokee", taken da Alexander Cuming ya ba mahaifinsa. Wananan Cherokee ne suka san shi a matsayin Babban lovedauna Na Farko, kuma a 1753 Kanagatucko da Chota sun rufe ido shi da Tellico. | |
| Sodium phenylacetate / sodium benzoat: Sodium phenylacetate / sodium benzoate , wanda aka siyar dashi a ƙarƙashin suna na Ammonul da sauransu, magani ne mai haɗuwa wanda ake amfani dashi don magance ammonia mai jini. Yana da haɗin sodium phenylacetate da sodium benzoate. | |
| Shirye-shirye: Ammonoosuc ko Ammonusuc na iya koma zuwa:
| |
| Shirye-shirye: Ammonoosuc ko Ammonusuc na iya koma zuwa:
| |
| Amoor: Ammoor birni ne na gari a cikin gundumar Ranipet kuma yana daga cikin babban yankin Ranipet a cikin jihar Tamil Nadu, Indiya. | |
| Mai Tafiya: Passer jinsin gwarare ne, wanda aka fi sani da ainihin gwara . Halittar ta hada da gwararar gida da itacen Eurasia, tsuntsaye biyu da suka fi kowa a duniya. Smallananan tsuntsaye ne masu takardar kuɗi don cin iri, kuma galibi launuka ne masu launin toka ko ruwan kasa. Nan asalin duniya ta farko, an gabatar da wasu nau'ikan a duk duniya. |
Tuesday, May 18, 2021
Ammonia, Ammonium nitrite, Ammonium nonanoate
Subscribe to:
Post Comments (Atom)
Athletics at the 1955 Pan American Games – Women's high jump, Athletics at the 1955 Pan American Games – Women's javelin throw, Athletics at the 1955 Summer International University Sports Week
Wasanni a Wasannin Pan America na 1955 - Tsallen mata: Taron tsalle na mata a gasar Pan American ta 1955 an gudanar da shi a Estadio U...
-
Ofungiyar Ikklesiyoyin Baptist Baptist na Reformed na Amurka: Ofungiyar Reformed Baptist Church of America (ARBCA) ƙungiya ce ta majam...
-
Ammar Mahmood: Ammar Mahmood dan asalin kasar Pakistan ne dan wasan kurket da ya buga wa kungiyar Faisalabad wasan kurket. Ammar Malik...
-
Ammammagarillu: Ammammagarillu fim ne na wasan kwaikwayo na Telugu 2018 wanda Sundar Surya ya jagoranta. Fim ɗin ya ƙunshi Naga Shoury...



No comments:
Post a Comment