Clapper v. Amnesty International USA, Amnesty International, Amnesty Justice Freedom List

Clapper v. Amnesty International Amurka: Clapper v. Amnesty International , 568 US 398 (2013), shari'ar Kotun Koli ta Amurka ce inda Kotun ta ce Amnesty International USA da sauransu ba su da halin tsayawa don kalubalanci 50 USC § 1881a na Dokar Kula da Leken Asiri na Waje kamar yadda Foreignasashen Waje suka gyara. Dokar Kula da Leken Asiri ta Dokar Gyara 1978 ta 2008.
Amnesty International: Amnesty International kungiya ce mai zaman kanta ta kasa da kasa tare da helkwatarta a Burtaniya wacce ta maida hankali kan hakkin dan adam. Kungiyar ta ce tana da mambobi da magoya baya sama da miliyan bakwai a duniya.
Jerin 'Yanci na Adalcin Adalci: Jerin sunayen 'Yanci na' Yanci na Amnesty ya kasance jerin masu zabe na 'yanci da ke aiki a Italiya daga 2012. Jerin ya kasance magajin Bonino-Pannella List, mai aiki daga 2009 zuwa 2012.
Dokar afuwa: Doka ta Amnesty ita ce duk wata doka, tsarin mulki ko zartarwa wanda ke mayar da hankali ga barin wasu gungun mutane, galibi shugabannin sojoji da shugabannin gwamnati, daga abin da suka aikata na laifi. Musamman ma, a 'zamanin lissafi', ana yin la'akari da dokokin afuwa a matsayin bayar da hukunci game da take haƙƙin ɗan adam, gami da matakan hukumomi waɗanda ke hana shigar da ƙara game da irin wannan laifin da kuma dawo da waɗannan laifuffukan da aka riga aka yanke musu hukunci, tare da guje wa duk wani nau'i na alhaki .
Amnesty International UK Media Awards: Kyaututtukan Media na Amnesty International kyauta ce ta musamman wacce ke girmamawa ga mafi kyawun aikin jarida a Burtaniya. Kate Allen, daraktan kungiyar Amnesty International ta Burtaniya, ta ce kyaututtukan na nuna "muhimmiyar rawar da masana'antar yada labarai ta Burtaniya ke takawa wajen fadakarwa da kuma tsara ra'ayoyin jama'a" da kuma jinjinawa "aikinsu da ke cikin hatsari". Kyaututtukan da aka bayar sun yarda da kerawa, ƙwarewa da ƙudurin da ake buƙata don fitar da labarai ta hanyar ilimi da jan hankali.
Amnesty International UK Media Awards: Kyaututtukan Media na Amnesty International kyauta ce ta musamman wacce ke girmamawa ga mafi kyawun aikin jarida a Burtaniya. Kate Allen, daraktan kungiyar Amnesty International ta Burtaniya, ta ce kyaututtukan na nuna "muhimmiyar rawar da masana'antar yada labarai ta Burtaniya ke takawa wajen fadakarwa da kuma tsara ra'ayoyin jama'a" da kuma jinjinawa "aikinsu da ke cikin hatsari". Kyaututtukan da aka bayar sun yarda da kerawa, ƙwarewa da ƙudurin da ake buƙata don fitar da labarai ta hanyar ilimi da jan hankali.
Amnesty International UK Media Awards: Kyaututtukan Media na Amnesty International kyauta ce ta musamman wacce ke girmamawa ga mafi kyawun aikin jarida a Burtaniya. Kate Allen, daraktan kungiyar Amnesty International ta Burtaniya, ta ce kyaututtukan na nuna "muhimmiyar rawar da masana'antar yada labarai ta Burtaniya ke takawa wajen fadakarwa da kuma tsara ra'ayoyin jama'a" da kuma jinjinawa "aikinsu da ke cikin hatsari". Kyaututtukan da aka bayar sun yarda da kerawa, ƙwarewa da ƙudurin da ake buƙata don fitar da labarai ta hanyar ilimi da jan hankali.
Amnesty International Thailand: Amnesty International Thailand (AITH), wanda aka fi sani da Amnesty Thailand ko AI Thailand, kungiya ce mai zaman kanta (NGO) wacce ta maida hankali kan kare hakkin dan adam a Thailand da ma duniya baki daya tare da mambobi sama da 1,000 a fadin Thailand. Amnesty Thailand na daga cikin "sassa" sama da 70 wadanda suka hada da Amnesty International a duk duniya.
Amnesty International: Amnesty International kungiya ce mai zaman kanta ta kasa da kasa tare da helkwatarta a Burtaniya wacce ta maida hankali kan hakkin dan adam. Kungiyar ta ce tana da mambobi da magoya baya sama da miliyan bakwai a duniya.
Amnesty International Amurka: Amnesty International USA ( AIUSA ) ɗayan ɓangaren ƙasashe ne da suka haɗu da Amnesty International a duk duniya.
Amnesty International UK Media Awards: Kyaututtukan Media na Amnesty International kyauta ce ta musamman wacce ke girmamawa ga mafi kyawun aikin jarida a Burtaniya. Kate Allen, daraktan kungiyar Amnesty International ta Burtaniya, ta ce kyaututtukan na nuna "muhimmiyar rawar da masana'antar yada labarai ta Burtaniya ke takawa wajen fadakarwa da kuma tsara ra'ayoyin jama'a" da kuma jinjinawa "aikinsu da ke cikin hatsari". Kyaututtukan da aka bayar sun yarda da kerawa, ƙwarewa da ƙudurin da ake buƙata don fitar da labarai ta hanyar ilimi da jan hankali.
Amnesty International UK Media Awards: Kyaututtukan Media na Amnesty International kyauta ce ta musamman wacce ke girmamawa ga mafi kyawun aikin jarida a Burtaniya. Kate Allen, daraktan kungiyar Amnesty International ta Burtaniya, ta ce kyaututtukan na nuna "muhimmiyar rawar da masana'antar yada labarai ta Burtaniya ke takawa wajen fadakarwa da kuma tsara ra'ayoyin jama'a" da kuma jinjinawa "aikinsu da ke cikin hatsari". Kyaututtukan da aka bayar sun yarda da kerawa, ƙwarewa da ƙudurin da ake buƙata don fitar da labarai ta hanyar ilimi da jan hankali.
Dokar afuwa: Dokar Amnesty ta 1872 ta kasance dokar gwamnatin Amurka ce da aka zartar a ranar 22 ga Mayu, 1872, wacce ta sauya yawancin hukunce-hukuncen da aka sanya wa tsoffin 'Yan tawaye ta hanyar Kwaskwarimar ta Goma sha huxu, wanda aka zartar a ranar 9 ga Yulin 1868. Sashe na 3 na Kwaskwarimar ta sha Hudu ya hana yin zaben ko nadin ga kowane ofishin tarayya ko jiha na duk wani mutum da ya taba rike wasu ofisoshin sannan ya shiga tawaye, tawaye, ko cin amana. Koyaya, sashin ya bayar da cewa kashi biyu bisa uku na kuri'un da kowace Majalisar Wakilai za ta iya soke wannan iyakancewar. An zartar da dokar ta 1872 ta Majalisar Wakilan Amurka ta 42nd kuma Dokar ta hana ta asali ta kasance ta Majalisar Wakilan Amurka a cikin Mayu 1866.
Siyan biyan kuɗi: Siyan bin ka'idodi ya baiwa kungiyoyin kungiyar Hockey League (NHL) damar siyan kwantiragin dan wasa ta hanyar biyan shi kashi biyu bisa uku na ragowar darajar kwangilar fiye da ragowar tsawon kwantiragin sau biyu. Idan dan wasan bai kai shekara 26 ba, to kungiyar zata iya biyan dan wasan kashi daya bisa uku na ragowar darajar kwantiragin. A cikin siyen-kwas-kwasan saiti, salaryungiyar albashin NHL ta ƙungiyar da aka buga don mai kunnawa an miƙa shi a kan tsawon ninki biyu na sauran kwangilar. Siyan biyan kuɗi suna bin ƙa'ida ɗaya kamar yadda aka saba biyan siye-garaye amma ba a ƙidaya kan hular ba.
Siyan biyan kuɗi: Siyan bin ka'idodi ya baiwa kungiyoyin kungiyar Hockey League (NHL) damar siyan kwantiragin dan wasa ta hanyar biyan shi kashi biyu bisa uku na ragowar darajar kwangilar fiye da ragowar tsawon kwantiragin sau biyu. Idan dan wasan bai kai shekara 26 ba, to kungiyar zata iya biyan dan wasan kashi daya bisa uku na ragowar darajar kwantiragin. A cikin siyen-kwas-kwasan saiti, salaryungiyar albashin NHL ta ƙungiyar da aka buga don mai kunnawa an miƙa shi a kan tsawon ninki biyu na sauran kwangilar. Siyan biyan kuɗi suna bin ƙa'ida ɗaya kamar yadda aka saba biyan siye-garaye amma ba a ƙidaya kan hular ba.
Kudin albashin NBA: Takaddun albashin NBA shine iyaka ga adadin kuɗin da aka bawa Associationungiyoyin Associationungiyar Kwando ta Nationalasa damar biyan theiran wasansu. Kamar yawancin wasannin wasannin motsa jiki, NBA tana da albashi don sarrafa farashi da fa'idodin fa'ida, wanda aka ƙayyade ta yarjejeniyar haɗin gwiwar ƙungiyar (CBA). Wannan iyakokin yana karkashin hadadden tsarin dokoki da kebewa kuma ana kirga shi a matsayin kashi na kudaden shigar kungiyar daga kakar da ta gabata. A karkashin CBA da aka ƙulla a watan Yulin 2017, murfin zai ci gaba da bambanta a cikin yanayi na gaba dangane da kudaden shiga na gasar. Don lokacin 2019-20, an saita hular a dala miliyan 109.14.
Afuwa ga 'yan Poland a cikin Tarayyar Soviet: Afuwa ga 'yan Poland a cikin USSR na nufin afuwa na lokaci ɗaya a cikin USSR ga waɗanda aka hana musu' yanci biyo bayan mamayar Soviet a Poland a Yaƙin Duniya na II. Sa hannu kan afuwar da Presidium na Babban Soviet ya yi a ranar 12 ga watan Agusta 1941, ya haifar da dakatar da ɗan lokaci na tsananta wa citizensan ƙasar Poland ƙarƙashin mamayar Soviet. Tsanantawar da suka yi tare da hadewar 1939 na duk gabashin gabashin Jamhuriyar Poland ta Biyu daidai da yarjejeniyar Nazi-Soviet da Poland. Don sake raba Polonize duk sabbin yankuna da aka mallaka, Soviet NKVD ta tattara tare da kora tsakanin ,000an Poland miliyan 320 da miliyan 1 zuwa sassan gabashin USSR, Urals, da Siberia a cikin yanayin ta'addanci. Akwai raƙuman ruwa guda huɗu na kora daga ɗaukacin iyalai tare da yara, mata da tsofaffi a cikin jiragen ƙasa masu jigilar kaya daga 1940 zuwa 1941. Ruwa na biyu na korar waɗanda sojojin Soviet suka yi a duk fadin Kresy, ya shafi sanduna 300,000 zuwa 330,000, waɗanda aka aika da farko zuwa Kazakh SSR. Afuwan na 1941 an yi shi ne musamman ga mutanen Poland waɗanda aka kore su.
Afuwa ga 'yan Poland a cikin Tarayyar Soviet: Afuwa ga 'yan Poland a cikin USSR na nufin afuwa na lokaci ɗaya a cikin USSR ga waɗanda aka hana musu' yanci biyo bayan mamayar Soviet a Poland a Yaƙin Duniya na II. Sa hannu kan afuwar da Presidium na Babban Soviet ya yi a ranar 12 ga watan Agusta 1941, ya haifar da dakatar da ɗan lokaci na tsananta wa citizensan ƙasar Poland ƙarƙashin mamayar Soviet. Tsanantawar da suka yi tare da hadewar 1939 na duk gabashin gabashin Jamhuriyar Poland ta Biyu daidai da yarjejeniyar Nazi-Soviet da Poland. Don sake raba Polonize duk sabbin yankuna da aka mallaka, Soviet NKVD ta tattara tare da kora tsakanin ,000an Poland miliyan 320 da miliyan 1 zuwa sassan gabashin USSR, Urals, da Siberia a cikin yanayin ta'addanci. Akwai raƙuman ruwa guda huɗu na kora daga ɗaukacin iyalai tare da yara, mata da tsofaffi a cikin jiragen ƙasa masu jigilar kaya daga 1940 zuwa 1941. Ruwa na biyu na korar waɗanda sojojin Soviet suka yi a duk fadin Kresy, ya shafi sanduna 300,000 zuwa 330,000, waɗanda aka aika da farko zuwa Kazakh SSR. Afuwan na 1941 an yi shi ne musamman ga mutanen Poland waɗanda aka kore su.
Afuwa ga 'yan Poland a cikin Tarayyar Soviet: Afuwa ga 'yan Poland a cikin USSR na nufin afuwa na lokaci ɗaya a cikin USSR ga waɗanda aka hana musu' yanci biyo bayan mamayar Soviet a Poland a Yaƙin Duniya na II. Sa hannu kan afuwar da Presidium na Babban Soviet ya yi a ranar 12 ga watan Agusta 1941, ya haifar da dakatar da ɗan lokaci na tsananta wa citizensan ƙasar Poland ƙarƙashin mamayar Soviet. Tsanantawar da suka yi tare da hadewar 1939 na duk gabashin gabashin Jamhuriyar Poland ta Biyu daidai da yarjejeniyar Nazi-Soviet da Poland. Don sake raba Polonize duk sabbin yankuna da aka mallaka, Soviet NKVD ta tattara tare da kora tsakanin ,000an Poland miliyan 320 da miliyan 1 zuwa sassan gabashin USSR, Urals, da Siberia a cikin yanayin ta'addanci. Akwai raƙuman ruwa guda huɗu na kora daga ɗaukacin iyalai tare da yara, mata da tsofaffi a cikin jiragen ƙasa masu jigilar kaya daga 1940 zuwa 1941. Ruwa na biyu na korar waɗanda sojojin Soviet suka yi a duk fadin Kresy, ya shafi sanduna 300,000 zuwa 330,000, waɗanda aka aika da farko zuwa Kazakh SSR. Afuwan na 1941 an yi shi ne musamman ga mutanen Poland waɗanda aka kore su.
Amnesty International: Amnesty International kungiya ce mai zaman kanta ta kasa da kasa tare da helkwatarta a Burtaniya wacce ta maida hankali kan hakkin dan adam. Kungiyar ta ce tana da mambobi da magoya baya sama da miliyan bakwai a duniya.
Dokar afuwa: Doka ta Amnesty ita ce duk wata doka, tsarin mulki ko zartarwa wanda ke mayar da hankali ga barin wasu gungun mutane, galibi shugabannin sojoji da shugabannin gwamnati, daga abin da suka aikata na laifi. Musamman ma, a 'zamanin lissafi', ana yin la'akari da dokokin afuwa a matsayin bayar da hukunci game da take haƙƙin ɗan adam, gami da matakan hukumomi waɗanda ke hana shigar da ƙara game da irin wannan laifin da kuma dawo da waɗannan laifuffukan da aka riga aka yanke musu hukunci, tare da guje wa duk wani nau'i na alhaki .
Afuwa na 1947: Amnesty na 1947 a Poland wata afuwa ce da aka yi wa sojoji da masu gwagwarmaya na Poland masu adawa da gurguzu a karkashin kasa, wanda hukumomin Jamhuriyar Jama'ar Poland suka bayar. 'Yan Poland ne suka zartar da dokar yin afuwa a ranar 22 ga Fabrairu, 1947. Ainihin makasudin afuwar shi ne zubar da daidaitaccen adawa ga sabuwar gwamnatin kwaminisanci. Alkawarin afuwa bai cika ba. Bayanin da aka tattara a lokacin da ake yi wa "sojojin la'ana" wadanda suka bayyana kansu bayani ya haifar da kamawa da danniya daga baya, gami da wadanda suka zauna a buya.
Afuwa na 1947: Amnesty na 1947 a Poland wata afuwa ce da aka yi wa sojoji da masu gwagwarmaya na Poland masu adawa da gurguzu a karkashin kasa, wanda hukumomin Jamhuriyar Jama'ar Poland suka bayar. 'Yan Poland ne suka zartar da dokar yin afuwa a ranar 22 ga Fabrairu, 1947. Ainihin makasudin afuwar shi ne zubar da daidaitaccen adawa ga sabuwar gwamnatin kwaminisanci. Alkawarin afuwa bai cika ba. Bayanin da aka tattara a lokacin da ake yi wa "sojojin la'ana" wadanda suka bayyana kansu bayani ya haifar da kamawa da danniya daga baya, gami da wadanda suka zauna a buya.
Kudin albashin NBA: Takaddun albashin NBA shine iyaka ga adadin kuɗin da aka bawa Associationungiyoyin Associationungiyar Kwando ta Nationalasa damar biyan theiran wasansu. Kamar yawancin wasannin wasannin motsa jiki, NBA tana da albashi don sarrafa farashi da fa'idodin fa'ida, wanda aka ƙayyade ta yarjejeniyar haɗin gwiwar ƙungiyar (CBA). Wannan iyakokin yana karkashin hadadden tsarin dokoki da kebewa kuma ana kirga shi a matsayin kashi na kudaden shigar kungiyar daga kakar da ta gabata. A karkashin CBA da aka ƙulla a watan Yulin 2017, murfin zai ci gaba da bambanta a cikin yanayi na gaba dangane da kudaden shiga na gasar. Don lokacin 2019-20, an saita hular a dala miliyan 109.14.
Amnesty International UK Media Awards: Kyaututtukan Media na Amnesty International kyauta ce ta musamman wacce ke girmamawa ga mafi kyawun aikin jarida a Burtaniya. Kate Allen, daraktan kungiyar Amnesty International ta Burtaniya, ta ce kyaututtukan na nuna "muhimmiyar rawar da masana'antar yada labarai ta Burtaniya ke takawa wajen fadakarwa da kuma tsara ra'ayoyin jama'a" da kuma jinjinawa "aikinsu da ke cikin hatsari". Kyaututtukan da aka bayar sun yarda da kerawa, ƙwarewa da ƙudurin da ake buƙata don fitar da labarai ta hanyar ilimi da jan hankali.
Amnesty International UK Media Awards: Kyaututtukan Media na Amnesty International kyauta ce ta musamman wacce ke girmamawa ga mafi kyawun aikin jarida a Burtaniya. Kate Allen, daraktan kungiyar Amnesty International ta Burtaniya, ta ce kyaututtukan na nuna "muhimmiyar rawar da masana'antar yada labarai ta Burtaniya ke takawa wajen fadakarwa da kuma tsara ra'ayoyin jama'a" da kuma jinjinawa "aikinsu da ke cikin hatsari". Kyaututtukan da aka bayar sun yarda da kerawa, ƙwarewa da ƙudurin da ake buƙata don fitar da labarai ta hanyar ilimi da jan hankali.
Amnesty International: Amnesty International kungiya ce mai zaman kanta ta kasa da kasa tare da helkwatarta a Burtaniya wacce ta maida hankali kan hakkin dan adam. Kungiyar ta ce tana da mambobi da magoya baya sama da miliyan bakwai a duniya.
Clapper v. Amnesty International Amurka: Clapper v. Amnesty International , 568 US 398 (2013), shari'ar Kotun Koli ta Amurka ce inda Kotun ta ce Amnesty International USA da sauransu ba su da halin tsayawa don kalubalanci 50 USC § 1881a na Dokar Kula da Leken Asiri na Waje kamar yadda Foreignasashen Waje suka gyara. Dokar Kula da Leken Asiri ta Dokar Gyara 1978 ta 2008.
Clapper v. Amnesty International Amurka: Clapper v. Amnesty International , 568 US 398 (2013), shari'ar Kotun Koli ta Amurka ce inda Kotun ta ce Amnesty International USA da sauransu ba su da halin tsayawa don kalubalanci 50 USC § 1881a na Dokar Kula da Leken Asiri na Waje kamar yadda Foreignasashen Waje suka gyara. Dokar Kula da Leken Asiri ta Dokar Gyara 1978 ta 2008.
Amnesty International Amurka: Amnesty International USA ( AIUSA ) ɗayan ɓangaren ƙasashe ne da suka haɗu da Amnesty International a duk duniya.
Amnet: Amnet na iya komawa zuwa Wani kamfani ne na Kamfanin Sadarwa na Amcom wanda ke da aiki a Perth, Western Australia. Wani reshe ne na Millicom, kamfanin sadarwa wanda ke Luxembourg kuma yana aiki a ƙasashen duniya.
Amnet: Amnet na iya komawa zuwa Wani kamfani ne na Kamfanin Sadarwa na Amcom wanda ke da aiki a Perth, Western Australia. Wani reshe ne na Millicom, kamfanin sadarwa wanda ke Luxembourg kuma yana aiki a ƙasashen duniya.
Daniel Amneus: Daniel Amneus babban farfesa ne na Ingilishi a Jami'ar Jihar California, Los Angeles. Ya kware a fannin sukar rubutun Shakespearean. Amneus shine kadai mutumin da aka lissafa a cikin Wane ne Wane daga Matan Amurka.
Daniel Amneus: Daniel Amneus babban farfesa ne na Ingilishi a Jami'ar Jihar California, Los Angeles. Ya kware a fannin sukar rubutun Shakespearean. Amneus shine kadai mutumin da aka lissafa a cikin Wane ne Wane daga Matan Amurka.
Amnéville: Amnéville wata ƙungiya ce a cikin sashen Moselle a Grand Est a arewa maso gabashin Faransa. Garin muhimmin wuri ne na yawon bude ido da kuma wurin shakatawa a Faransa.
Amni: Kamfanin Amni International Petroleum Debelopment Company Limited kamfani ne mai zaman kansa mai bincike da samar da iskar gas wanda aka kafa a cikin 1993 wanda ke yin bincike da samar da mai da iskar gas. Kamfanin yana aiki da rijiyoyin mai guda biyu a cikin teku a Najeriya.
Harshen Mekéns: Mekéns (Mekem), ko Amniapé , yare ne na Tan Tupia na jihar Rondônia, a yankin Amazon na Brazil.
Harshen Mekéns: Mekéns (Mekem), ko Amniapé , yare ne na Tan Tupia na jihar Rondônia, a yankin Amazon na Brazil.
Kogin Gök: Kogin Gök ko Gökırmak yanki ne na Kızılırmak a Turkiyya. A da ana kiran sa Amnias . Tushenta yana cikin lardin Kastamonu.
Kogin Gök: Kogin Gök ko Gökırmak yanki ne na Kızılırmak a Turkiyya. A da ana kiran sa Amnias . Tushenta yana cikin lardin Kastamonu.
Amniataba: Amniataba jinsin kifi ne a cikin dangin Terapontidae, wanda ya hada da jinsuna guda uku, tare da biyu ana samunsu a cikin Oceania, da kuma daya a Western Central Pacific.
Yellowtail mai busa ƙaho: Mai busa kalar yellowtail , Amniataba caudavittata , nau'in jinsi ne na yau da kullun na kifin bakin teku na dangin grunter, Terapontidae. Mai busa ƙaho ya fito ne daga ƙasar Ostiraliya da Papua New Guinea, tun daga Cape Leeuwin da ke Yammacin Ostiraliya a gefen arewa zuwa Bowen, Queensland, da kuma gefen kudancin Papua New Guinea.
Amnibacterium: Amnibacterium nau'in kwayar cuta ne daga dangin Microbacteriaceae.
Amnibacterium endophyticum: Amnibacterium endophyticum shine Gram-tabbatacce, mai saurin motsa jiki, wanda baya samarda spore, gajerun siffa mai sandar iska da mara motsi daga kwayar halittar Amnibacterium wacce aka kebe daga reshen bishiyar Aegiceras corniculatum .
Amnibacterium kyonggiense: Amnibacterium kyonggiense shine kwayar Gram-tabbatacciya kuma mara motsi daga jigilar Amnibacterium wacce aka keɓe daga rafin Anyang a Koriya.
Amnibacterium soli: Amnibacterium soli shine kwayar Gram-tabbatacce, mai saurin motsa jiki, mai samarda iska , gajere mai siffa da ba motile kwayar cuta daga jinsin Amnibacterium wanda aka kebe shi daga kasar ciyawa daga Daejeon a Koriya.
Amnicola: Amnicola nau'in halittar ƙaramar katantanwar ruwa ce wacce ke da ruwa. Jinsunan Amnicola sune masu yaduwar ruwa a cikin gida Amnicolidae gwargwadon harajin Gastropoda.
Amnicola cora: Amnicola cora wani nau'i ne na ƙaramin katantanwa mai ruwa wanda yake da operculum, maganin ruwa na gaɓoɓin gastropod mollusk a cikin dangin Amnicolidae gwargwadon harajin Gastropoda.
Amnicola dalli: Amnicola dalli , sunan da ake amfani da shi a yankin amnicola , wani nau'in katantanwa ce mai ruwa tare da kayan karawa, wani babban abincin gastropod mollusk a cikin dangin Amnicolidae.
Amnicola limosus: Amnicola limosus , sunan da aka fi sani da laka amnicola , wani nau'ine ne na ɗan katantanwar ruwa, ƙaramar gastropod mollusk a cikin dangin Hydrobiidae.
Amnicola limosus: Amnicola limosus , sunan da aka fi sani da laka amnicola , wani nau'ine ne na ɗan katantanwar ruwa, ƙaramar gastropod mollusk a cikin dangin Hydrobiidae.
Amnicola missouriensis: Amnicola missouriensis , sanannen suna Missouri amnicola , wani nau'in katantanwa ne na ruwa, ruwan ciki na gastropod mollusk a cikin dangin Amnicolidae.
Amnicola Walkeri: Amnicola Walkeri , sunan da aka fi sani da Kanada duskysnail , jinsin ruwan katantanwa ne, ruwan ciki na gastropod mollusk a cikin dangin Amnicolidae.
Amnicolidae: Amnicolidae dangi ne na karamin katantanwa na ruwa tare da gill da operculum, mollusks na cikin ruwa a cikin gidan Rissooidea.
Amnicolidae: Amnicolidae dangi ne na karamin katantanwa na ruwa tare da gill da operculum, mollusks na cikin ruwa a cikin gidan Rissooidea.
Amnicon, Wisconsin: Amnicon birni ne, da ke a yankin Douglas, a Wisconsin, a ƙasar Amurka. Yawan mutanen ya kai 1,155 a kidayar shekarar 2010. Communitiesungiyoyin da ba a haɗa su ba na Amnicon Falls, Middle River, Rockmont da Wentworth suna cikin garin.
Amnicon, Wisconsin: Amnicon birni ne, da ke a yankin Douglas, a Wisconsin, a ƙasar Amurka. Yawan mutanen ya kai 1,155 a kidayar shekarar 2010. Communitiesungiyoyin da ba a haɗa su ba na Amnicon Falls, Middle River, Rockmont da Wentworth suna cikin garin.
Amnicon, Wisconsin: Amnicon birni ne, da ke a yankin Douglas, a Wisconsin, a ƙasar Amurka. Yawan mutanen ya kai 1,155 a kidayar shekarar 2010. Communitiesungiyoyin da ba a haɗa su ba na Amnicon Falls, Middle River, Rockmont da Wentworth suna cikin garin.
Amnicon, Wisconsin: Amnicon birni ne, da ke a yankin Douglas, a Wisconsin, a ƙasar Amurka. Yawan mutanen ya kai 1,155 a kidayar shekarar 2010. Communitiesungiyoyin da ba a haɗa su ba na Amnicon Falls, Middle River, Rockmont da Wentworth suna cikin garin.
Amnicon Falls, Wisconsin: Amnicon Falls wata al'umma ce da ba a haɗa ta ba a cikin garin Amnicon, Douglas County, Wisconsin, Amurka. Amnicon Falls yana kan Kogin Amnicon da Babbar Hanya ta Amurka 2, mil mil 13 (kilomita 21) kudu maso gabashin Superior.
Amnicon Falls State Park: Filin shakatawa na Amnicon Falls wani wurin shakatawa ne na Wisconsin, Amurka. Filin da ke da fadin hekta 825 (hekta 334) yana Kudancin Range, Wisconsin, kudu maso gabashin birnin na Superior. Yana fasalta jerin jerin kwararar ruwa a kan Kogin Amnicon yayin da yake malala a kewayen wani karamin tsibiri da kuma karkashin gada mai rufin tarihi.
Kogin Amnicon: Kogin Amnicon yana da kogi mai nisan mil 45.5 (kilomita 73.2) a Douglas County, Wisconsin. Tushen kogin yana gabas da Dowling Lake da Amnicon Lake a tsakiyar Douglas County, kuma bakinsa yana Lake Lake Superior gabas da Superior.
Labarai a Takaice Amniculicolaceae dangi ne na fungi mallakar Pleosporales. Na farko da aka bayyana a cikin 2009 ta Y. Zhang ter, CL Schoch, J. Fournier, Crous & KD Hyde, nau'in jinsi shine Amniculicola .
Amineh Deh: Amineh Deh wani ƙauye ne a gundumar Gowharan, a cikin Babban Gundumar Khoy, Lardin Yammacin Azerbaijan, Iran. A ƙidayar 2006, yawan jama'arta 234, cikin iyalai 44.
Nasabar Ether: A cewar littafin Mormon, Jaredites mutane ne da suka rayu a tsohuwar Amurka ba da daɗewa ba bayan rikicewar harsuna a Hasumiyar Babel kuma an rubuta su musamman a cikin littafin Ether. Lissafin Ether an rubuta shi a littafin Ether, babi na 1 ayoyi 6-33. Yawancin mutane kawai ana ambata ne a taƙaice a cikin tarihin littafin Ether. Kowannensu sananne ne saboda shi zuriyar Jared ne, kakan Ether, kuma yawancinsu suma Sarakuna ne na Yaredites.
Jerin Littafin Mormon wurare: An tsara wannan jerin azaman mai saurin tunani game da wuraren da aka ambata a cikin littafin Mormon.
Amniocentesis: Amniocentesis hanya ce ta likitanci da aka yi amfani da farko a binciken asali na rashin lafiyar chromosomal da cututtukan tayi da kuma ƙudurin jima'i. A wannan tsarin, ana daukar ƙaramin ruwan amniotic, wanda ya ƙunshi ƙwayoyin tayi, daga jakar amniotic da ke kewaye da ɗan tayi. Ana bincika DNA din tayi don rashin daidaituwar kwayoyin halitta.
Amniocentesis: Amniocentesis hanya ce ta likitanci da aka yi amfani da farko a binciken asali na rashin lafiyar chromosomal da cututtukan tayi da kuma ƙudurin jima'i. A wannan tsarin, ana daukar ƙaramin ruwan amniotic, wanda ya ƙunshi ƙwayoyin tayi, daga jakar amniotic da ke kewaye da ɗan tayi. Ana bincika DNA din tayi don rashin daidaituwar kwayoyin halitta.
Amniocentesis: Amniocentesis hanya ce ta likitanci da aka yi amfani da farko a binciken asali na rashin lafiyar chromosomal da cututtukan tayi da kuma ƙudurin jima'i. A wannan tsarin, ana daukar ƙaramin ruwan amniotic, wanda ya ƙunshi ƙwayoyin tayi, daga jakar amniotic da ke kewaye da ɗan tayi. Ana bincika DNA din tayi don rashin daidaituwar kwayoyin halitta.
Amniocentesis: Amniocentesis hanya ce ta likitanci da aka yi amfani da farko a binciken asali na rashin lafiyar chromosomal da cututtukan tayi da kuma ƙudurin jima'i. A wannan tsarin, ana daukar ƙaramin ruwan amniotic, wanda ya ƙunshi ƙwayoyin tayi, daga jakar amniotic da ke kewaye da ɗan tayi. Ana bincika DNA din tayi don rashin daidaituwar kwayoyin halitta.
Amniocyte: Amniocyte tantanin halitta ne wanda aka dakatar da shi a ruwan amniotic.
Terthreutis: Terthreutis jinsin kwari ne na gidan Tortricinae na gidan Tortricidae.
Terthreutis xanthocycla: Terthreutis xanthocycla wani nau'in asu ne na dangin Tortricidae. Ana samunsa a Yunnan, China.
Amnioinfusion: Amnioinfusion hanya ce wacce ake sanya ruwan isotonic cikin ramin mahaifa.
Komawa: Amniomancy wata hanya ce ta duba wacce ake hango rayuwar yaro ta gaba daga abin da zai rufe kansa lokacin haihuwa. Ana amfani da launi da daidaito na caul don fassara abin da zai faru a nan gaba. Launi mai haske ya kamata ya nuna rayuwa mai kyau yayin da akasin kuma gaskiya ne.
Amnion: Amnion membrane ne wanda ke rufe amfrayo lokacin da aka fara halitta. Yana cika da ruwan amniotic wanda yake sa amnion ya fadada kuma ya zama jakar amniotic wanda ke ba da kariya ga mahaifa ko tayi. Amnion din, tare da waka, jakar kwai da kuma allantois sun zama jakar kariya a kewaye da amfrayo. A cikin tsuntsaye, da dabbobi masu rarrafe da kuma manyan dabbobi, jakar kariya tana a cikin kwasfa. A cikin marsupials da placental mammals, an sanya shi a cikin mahaifa.
Amnion (Tsarin Gap): Amnion nau'in almara ne na almara a cikin Stephen R. Donaldson's The Gap Cycle . Ana nuna su ne kawai baƙon jinsin ɗan adam da ya yi hulɗa tare da taka rawa a cikin jerin daga Ilimin Haram gaba.
Amnion nodosum: Amnion nodosum sune nodules da aka samo akan amnion, kuma ana yawan samun su a cikin oligohydramnios. Nodules an haɗasu da ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin salula wanda aka samo daga vernix caseosa akan fatar tayi. Amnion nodosum yana faruwa ne ta abrasion da ba zato ba tsammani na amnion tare da adana kwayoyin halittar farfajiyar tayi da tarkacen acellular akan wuraren da aka lalata (saboda matsakaiciyar ko tsananin oligohydramnios, amnion na iya samun "tabawa" tare da fatar tayi). Amnion nodosum da oligohydramnios suna da alaƙa da hypoplasia na huhu da kuma alaƙa. Amnion nodosum shine granules akan amnion yayin da ƙananan nodules a kan igiyar suna ba da shawara ga kamuwa da takara.
Amnion (Tsarin Gap): Amnion nau'in almara ne na almara a cikin Stephen R. Donaldson's The Gap Cycle . Ana nuna su ne kawai baƙon jinsin ɗan adam da ya yi hulɗa tare da taka rawa a cikin jerin daga Ilimin Haram gaba.
Jakar ruwan ciki: Jakar amniotic , wanda akasari ake kira jakar ruwa , wani lokacin membranes , ita ce jakar da amfrayo da amfrayo. Pairananan siriri ne amma mai tauri wanda ke rike da amfrayo har zuwa jimawa kafin haihuwa. Cikin wadannan membranes din, amnion din, ya rufe kogon bakin ciki , dauke da ruwan amniotic da amfrayo. Membrane na waje, aminin, ya ƙunshi amnion kuma yana cikin ɓangaren mahaifa. A gefen waje, jakar amniotic an haɗa ta da jakar gwaiduwa, allantois, kuma ta igiyar cibiya, wurin mahaifa.
Chorioamnionitis: Chorioamnionitis , wanda aka fi sani da intra-amniotic infection ( IAI ), kumburi ne da membranes ɗin tayi, yawanci saboda kamuwa da ƙwayoyin cuta. Masana sun ba da shawarar maye gurbin kalmar chorioamnionitis da "kumburin cikin ciki ko kamuwa da cuta ko kuma duka biyun".
Mara iyaka: Amnionless shine furotin wanda a cikin mutane keɓaɓɓe da kwayar AMN .
Harshen Mekéns: Mekéns (Mekem), ko Amniapé , yare ne na Tan Tupia na jihar Rondônia, a yankin Amazon na Brazil.
Rushewar membranes: Rushewar membranes ( ROM ) ko amniorrhexis kalma ce da ake amfani da ita yayin ciki domin bayyana ɓarkewar jakar ruwan ciki. A yadda aka saba, yakan faru ne kwatsam a cikakken lokaci ko dai yayin fara aiki. Lalacewar sassan jikin membobin an san su ne a matsayin " fasa ruwa " ko kuma yadda mutum yake " fasa ruwa ". Rushewar farkon membranes (PROM) shine ɓarkewar amnion da ke faruwa kafin farawar aiki. Wannan yawanci yana faruwa ne kafin ciki na makon 37 na ciki. A Amurka, akwai masu juna biyu sama da 120,000 a shekara wadanda matsalar saurin fashewar membran ta shafi su, kuma shine sanadin kusan kashi daya bisa uku na haihuwa kafin haihuwa.
Amnios: Amnios wasa ne na bidiyo na 1991 don dandamalin Amiga. Yana da sama-ƙasa Multi-directional-scrolling shoot 'em up, an saita shi akan duniyoyi goma a duk matakan goma.
Amnion: Amnion membrane ne wanda ke rufe amfrayo lokacin da aka fara halitta. Yana cika da ruwan amniotic wanda yake sa amnion ya fadada kuma ya zama jakar amniotic wanda ke ba da kariya ga mahaifa ko tayi. Amnion din, tare da waka, jakar kwai da kuma allantois sun zama jakar kariya a kewaye da amfrayo. A cikin tsuntsaye, da dabbobi masu rarrafe da kuma manyan dabbobi, jakar kariya tana a cikin kwasfa. A cikin marsupials da placental mammals, an sanya shi a cikin mahaifa.
Amniote: Amniotes sune nau'in tetrapod vertebrates wanda ya ƙunshi sauropsids, synapsids, da kakanninsu, komawa ga amphibians. Ana bambanta su da membrane (amnion) da ke kare amfrayo da kuma rashin matakin tsutsa. Godiya ga wannan, amniotes suna yin ƙwai a ƙasa ko riƙe su a cikin uwa, ba kamar anamniotes ba, waɗanda yawanci suke ƙwai a ruwa. Tsoffin tushe, musamman kafin karni na 20, na iya komawa zuwa amniotes a matsayin "mafi girma kashin baya" kuma anamniotes a matsayin "ƙananan ƙananan ƙura", gwargwadon ƙagaggen ra'ayin juyin halitta. Kalmar amniote ta fito ne daga Girkanci ἀμνίον amnion , "membrane da ke kewaye da tayi", kuma a baya "kwano wanda aka kama jinin dabbobin da aka yanka", daga ἀμνός amnos , "rago".
Amniote: Amniotes sune nau'in tetrapod vertebrates wanda ya ƙunshi sauropsids, synapsids, da kakanninsu, komawa ga amphibians. Ana bambanta su da membrane (amnion) da ke kare amfrayo da kuma rashin matakin tsutsa. Godiya ga wannan, amniotes suna yin ƙwai a ƙasa ko riƙe su a cikin uwa, ba kamar anamniotes ba, waɗanda yawanci suke ƙwai a ruwa. Tsoffin tushe, musamman kafin karni na 20, na iya komawa zuwa amniotes a matsayin "mafi girma kashin baya" kuma anamniotes a matsayin "ƙananan ƙananan ƙura", gwargwadon ƙagaggen ra'ayin juyin halitta. Kalmar amniote ta fito ne daga Girkanci ἀμνίον amnion , "membrane da ke kewaye da tayi", kuma a baya "kwano wanda aka kama jinin dabbobin da aka yanka", daga ἀμνός amnos , "rago".
Amniote: Amniotes sune nau'in tetrapod vertebrates wanda ya ƙunshi sauropsids, synapsids, da kakanninsu, komawa ga amphibians. Ana bambanta su da membrane (amnion) da ke kare amfrayo da kuma rashin matakin tsutsa. Godiya ga wannan, amniotes suna yin ƙwai a ƙasa ko riƙe su a cikin uwa, ba kamar anamniotes ba, waɗanda yawanci suke ƙwai a ruwa. Tsoffin tushe, musamman kafin karni na 20, na iya komawa zuwa amniotes a matsayin "mafi girma kashin baya" kuma anamniotes a matsayin "ƙananan ƙananan ƙura", gwargwadon ƙagaggen ra'ayin juyin halitta. Kalmar amniote ta fito ne daga Girkanci ἀμνίον amnion , "membrane da ke kewaye da tayi", kuma a baya "kwano wanda aka kama jinin dabbobin da aka yanka", daga ἀμνός amnos , "rago".
Amniotic ruwa embolism: Ruwan amniotic embolism (AFE) baƙon gaggawa ne na haihuwa (na haihuwa) wanda ruwan ciki ya shiga rafin jini na mahaifiya don haifar da da mai tsanani. Wannan aikin zai haifar da rushewar zuciya da zubar jini mai yawa (coagulopathy). Adadin abin da yake faruwa shine misali 1 a cikin haihuwa 20,000 kuma ya ƙunshi 10% na duk mace-macen mata.
Syndromeunƙarar ƙwanƙwasa ring: Ciwon zoben ƙuntata ( CRS ) cuta ce ta cikin gida ba tare da sanadinsa ba. Saboda dalilin da ba a sani ba akwai mutane da yawa daban-daban, wani lokacin kuma sunaye marasa kyau. Cutar gurɓatacciya ce saboda bandungiyoyin mahaifa ko zobba waɗanda ke ba da zurfin tsagi a ciki, galibi, maƙallan ɓatancin kamar yatsu da yatsun kafa. A cikin al'amuran da ba safai ba zoben maƙarƙashiya zai iya samarwa a kusa da wasu ɓangarorin tayin kuma ya haifar da yankewa ko ma mutuwar ciki. Jikin jikin mutum wanda yake kusa da wurin matsewar ya kasance na al'ada ne. CRS na iya haɗuwa da wasu nakasawa tare da ƙafafun kafa sun fi kowa. Tabbataccen daidaiton makada, lymphedema, da halayyar yankewar ba abu ne wanda ake iya faɗi ba kuma ya bambanta da kowane mai haƙuri. Hakanan yawancin fiye da ɗaya yawanci galibi yana shafar, kuma yana da wuya a zora ɗaya kawai don gabatarwa azaman ɓarna mara kyau ba tare da wani bayyanar wannan ciwo ba.
Syndromeunƙarar ƙwanƙwasa ring: Ciwon zoben ƙuntata ( CRS ) cuta ce ta cikin gida ba tare da sanadinsa ba. Saboda dalilin da ba a sani ba akwai mutane da yawa daban-daban, wani lokacin kuma sunaye marasa kyau. Cutar gurɓatacciya ce saboda bandungiyoyin mahaifa ko zobba waɗanda ke ba da zurfin tsagi a ciki, galibi, maƙallan ɓatancin kamar yatsu da yatsun kafa. A cikin al'amuran da ba safai ba zoben maƙarƙashiya zai iya samarwa a kusa da wasu ɓangarorin tayin kuma ya haifar da yankewa ko ma mutuwar ciki. Jikin jikin mutum wanda yake kusa da wurin matsewar ya kasance na al'ada ne. CRS na iya haɗuwa da wasu nakasawa tare da ƙafafun kafa sun fi kowa. Tabbataccen daidaiton makada, lymphedema, da halayyar yankewar ba abu ne wanda ake iya faɗi ba kuma ya bambanta da kowane mai haƙuri. Hakanan yawancin fiye da ɗaya yawanci galibi yana shafar, kuma yana da wuya a zora ɗaya kawai don gabatarwa azaman ɓarna mara kyau ba tare da wani bayyanar wannan ciwo ba.
Syndromeunƙarar ƙwanƙwasa ring: Ciwon zoben ƙuntata ( CRS ) cuta ce ta cikin gida ba tare da sanadinsa ba. Saboda dalilin da ba a sani ba akwai mutane da yawa daban-daban, wani lokacin kuma sunaye marasa kyau. Cutar gurɓatacciya ce saboda bandungiyoyin mahaifa ko zobba waɗanda ke ba da zurfin tsagi a ciki, galibi, maƙallan ɓatancin kamar yatsu da yatsun kafa. A cikin al'amuran da ba safai ba zoben maƙarƙashiya zai iya samarwa a kusa da wasu ɓangarorin tayin kuma ya haifar da yankewa ko ma mutuwar ciki. Jikin jikin mutum wanda yake kusa da wurin matsewar ya kasance na al'ada ne. CRS na iya haɗuwa da wasu nakasawa tare da ƙafafun kafa sun fi kowa. Tabbataccen daidaiton makada, lymphedema, da halayyar yankewar ba abu ne wanda ake iya faɗi ba kuma ya bambanta da kowane mai haƙuri. Hakanan yawancin fiye da ɗaya yawanci galibi yana shafar, kuma yana da wuya a zora ɗaya kawai don gabatarwa azaman ɓarna mara kyau ba tare da wani bayyanar wannan ciwo ba.
Ruwan ruwa: Ruwan amniotic shine ruwa mai kariya wanda sashin amniotic na amniote mai girma ya ƙunsa. Wannan ruwan yana zama matashi ga mai girma da ke girma, amma kuma yana taimakawa don sauƙaƙe musayar abubuwan gina jiki, ruwa, da kayayyakin biochemical tsakanin uwa da ɗan tayi.
Hanyoyin ruwa mai narkewa: Lissafin ruwa na mahaifa (AFI) ƙididdigar adadi ne na ruwan mahaifa da kuma nuna lafiyar ɗan tayi. Yana da ɓangare na bayanan rayuwa. AFI shine kashi daya da aka bayar ga adadin ruwan amniotic da aka gani akan babban hoto na mahaifa mai ciki. Don ƙayyade AFI, likitoci na iya amfani da fasaha mai ƙididdiga huɗu, lokacin da aka auna mafi zurfin, ba a hana shi ba, tsayin tsaye na kowane aljihun ruwa a cikin kowane huɗun sannan a haɗa shi da sauran, ko abin da ake kira "Singlearamar Mafi Aljihu" dabara. AFI tsakanin 8-18 ana ɗauka na al'ada. Matsakaicin AFI na Mediya kusan 14 ne daga mako 20 zuwa sati na 35, lokacin da ruwan mahaifa ya fara ragewa a shirye shiryen haihuwa. An dauki AFI <5-6 azaman oligohydramnios. Adadin lambar na iya bambanta ta shekarun haihuwa. Kashi na biyar na shekarun haihuwa shine wasu lokuta ana amfani dashi azaman cutoff. An ɗauki AFI> 24-25 azaman polyhydramnios.
Syndromeunƙarar ƙwanƙwasa ring: Ciwon zoben ƙuntata ( CRS ) cuta ce ta cikin gida ba tare da sanadinsa ba. Saboda dalilin da ba a sani ba akwai mutane da yawa daban-daban, wani lokacin kuma sunaye marasa kyau. Cutar gurɓatacciya ce saboda bandungiyoyin mahaifa ko zobba waɗanda ke ba da zurfin tsagi a ciki, galibi, maƙallan ɓatancin kamar yatsu da yatsun kafa. A cikin al'amuran da ba safai ba zoben maƙarƙashiya zai iya samarwa a kusa da wasu ɓangarorin tayin kuma ya haifar da yankewa ko ma mutuwar ciki. Jikin jikin mutum wanda yake kusa da wurin matsewar ya kasance na al'ada ne. CRS na iya haɗuwa da wasu nakasawa tare da ƙafafun kafa sun fi kowa. Tabbataccen daidaiton makada, lymphedema, da halayyar yankewar ba abu ne wanda ake iya faɗi ba kuma ya bambanta da kowane mai haƙuri. Hakanan yawancin fiye da ɗaya yawanci galibi yana shafar, kuma yana da wuya a zora ɗaya kawai don gabatarwa azaman ɓarna mara kyau ba tare da wani bayyanar wannan ciwo ba.
Syndromeunƙarar ƙwanƙwasa ring: Ciwon zoben ƙuntata ( CRS ) cuta ce ta cikin gida ba tare da sanadinsa ba. Saboda dalilin da ba a sani ba akwai mutane da yawa daban-daban, wani lokacin kuma sunaye marasa kyau. Cutar gurɓatacciya ce saboda bandungiyoyin mahaifa ko zobba waɗanda ke ba da zurfin tsagi a ciki, galibi, maƙallan ɓatancin kamar yatsu da yatsun kafa. A cikin al'amuran da ba safai ba zoben maƙarƙashiya zai iya samarwa a kusa da wasu ɓangarorin tayin kuma ya haifar da yankewa ko ma mutuwar ciki. Jikin jikin mutum wanda yake kusa da wurin matsewar ya kasance na al'ada ne. CRS na iya haɗuwa da wasu nakasawa tare da ƙafafun kafa sun fi kowa. Tabbataccen daidaiton makada, lymphedema, da halayyar yankewar ba abu ne wanda ake iya faɗi ba kuma ya bambanta da kowane mai haƙuri. Hakanan yawancin fiye da ɗaya yawanci galibi yana shafar, kuma yana da wuya a zora ɗaya kawai don gabatarwa azaman ɓarna mara kyau ba tare da wani bayyanar wannan ciwo ba.
Syndromeunƙarar ƙwanƙwasa ring: Ciwon zoben ƙuntata ( CRS ) cuta ce ta cikin gida ba tare da sanadinsa ba. Saboda dalilin da ba a sani ba akwai mutane da yawa daban-daban, wani lokacin kuma sunaye marasa kyau. Cutar gurɓatacciya ce saboda bandungiyoyin mahaifa ko zobba waɗanda ke ba da zurfin tsagi a ciki, galibi, maƙallan ɓatancin kamar yatsu da yatsun kafa. A cikin al'amuran da ba safai ba zoben maƙarƙashiya zai iya samarwa a kusa da wasu ɓangarorin tayin kuma ya haifar da yankewa ko ma mutuwar ciki. Jikin jikin mutum wanda yake kusa da wurin matsewar ya kasance na al'ada ne. CRS na iya haɗuwa da wasu nakasawa tare da ƙafafun kafa sun fi kowa. Tabbataccen daidaiton makada, lymphedema, da halayyar yankewar ba abu ne wanda ake iya faɗi ba kuma ya bambanta da kowane mai haƙuri. Hakanan yawancin fiye da ɗaya yawanci galibi yana shafar, kuma yana da wuya a zora ɗaya kawai don gabatarwa azaman ɓarna mara kyau ba tare da wani bayyanar wannan ciwo ba.
Syndromeunƙarar ƙwanƙwasa ring: Ciwon zoben ƙuntata ( CRS ) cuta ce ta cikin gida ba tare da sanadinsa ba. Saboda dalilin da ba a sani ba akwai mutane da yawa daban-daban, wani lokacin kuma sunaye marasa kyau. Cutar gurɓatacciya ce saboda bandungiyoyin mahaifa ko zobba waɗanda ke ba da zurfin tsagi a ciki, galibi, maƙallan ɓatancin kamar yatsu da yatsun kafa. A cikin al'amuran da ba safai ba zoben maƙarƙashiya zai iya samarwa a kusa da wasu ɓangarorin tayin kuma ya haifar da yankewa ko ma mutuwar ciki. Jikin jikin mutum wanda yake kusa da wurin matsewar ya kasance na al'ada ne. CRS na iya haɗuwa da wasu nakasawa tare da ƙafafun kafa sun fi kowa. Tabbataccen daidaiton makada, lymphedema, da halayyar yankewar ba abu ne wanda ake iya faɗi ba kuma ya bambanta da kowane mai haƙuri. Hakanan yawancin fiye da ɗaya yawanci galibi yana shafar, kuma yana da wuya a zora ɗaya kawai don gabatarwa azaman ɓarna mara kyau ba tare da wani bayyanar wannan ciwo ba.
Syndromeunƙarar ƙwanƙwasa ring: Ciwon zoben ƙuntata ( CRS ) cuta ce ta cikin gida ba tare da sanadinsa ba. Saboda dalilin da ba a sani ba akwai mutane da yawa daban-daban, wani lokacin kuma sunaye marasa kyau. Cutar gurɓatacciya ce saboda bandungiyoyin mahaifa ko zobba waɗanda ke ba da zurfin tsagi a ciki, galibi, maƙallan ɓatancin kamar yatsu da yatsun kafa. A cikin al'amuran da ba safai ba zoben maƙarƙashiya zai iya samarwa a kusa da wasu ɓangarorin tayin kuma ya haifar da yankewa ko ma mutuwar ciki. Jikin jikin mutum wanda yake kusa da wurin matsewar ya kasance na al'ada ne. CRS na iya haɗuwa da wasu nakasawa tare da ƙafafun kafa sun fi kowa. Tabbataccen daidaiton makada, lymphedema, da halayyar yankewar ba abu ne wanda ake iya faɗi ba kuma ya bambanta da kowane mai haƙuri. Hakanan yawancin fiye da ɗaya yawanci galibi yana shafar, kuma yana da wuya a zora ɗaya kawai don gabatarwa azaman ɓarna mara kyau ba tare da wani bayyanar wannan ciwo ba.
Jakar ruwan ciki: Jakar amniotic , wanda akasari ake kira jakar ruwa , wani lokacin membranes , ita ce jakar da amfrayo da amfrayo. Pairananan siriri ne amma mai tauri wanda ke rike da amfrayo har zuwa jimawa kafin haihuwa. Cikin wadannan membranes din, amnion din, ya rufe kogon bakin ciki , dauke da ruwan amniotic da amfrayo. Membrane na waje, aminin, ya ƙunshi amnion kuma yana cikin ɓangaren mahaifa. A gefen waje, jakar amniotic an haɗa ta da jakar gwaiduwa, allantois, kuma ta igiyar cibiya, wurin mahaifa.
Kwayoyin halittar jini Kwayoyin halittar jini sune cakuda ƙwayoyin sel wanda za'a iya samu daga ruwan amniotic da membn ɗin amniotic ɗin. Zasu iya haɓaka cikin nau'ikan nau'in nama da suka haɗa da fata, guringuntsi, nama na zuciya, jijiyoyi, tsoka, da ƙashi. Kwayoyin kuma suna da aikace-aikacen likita masu mahimmanci, musamman a cikin sabuntawar sassan jiki.
Kwayoyin halittar jini Kwayoyin halittar jini sune cakuda ƙwayoyin sel wanda za'a iya samu daga ruwan amniotic da membn ɗin amniotic ɗin. Zasu iya haɓaka cikin nau'ikan nau'in nama da suka haɗa da fata, guringuntsi, nama na zuciya, jijiyoyi, tsoka, da ƙashi. Kwayoyin kuma suna da aikace-aikacen likita masu mahimmanci, musamman a cikin sabuntawar sassan jiki.
Amniote: Amniotes sune nau'in tetrapod vertebrates wanda ya ƙunshi sauropsids, synapsids, da kakanninsu, komawa ga amphibians. Ana bambanta su da membrane (amnion) da ke kare amfrayo da kuma rashin matakin tsutsa. Godiya ga wannan, amniotes suna yin ƙwai a ƙasa ko riƙe su a cikin uwa, ba kamar anamniotes ba, waɗanda yawanci suke ƙwai a ruwa. Tsoffin tushe, musamman kafin karni na 20, na iya komawa zuwa amniotes a matsayin "mafi girma kashin baya" kuma anamniotes a matsayin "ƙananan ƙananan ƙura", gwargwadon ƙagaggen ra'ayin juyin halitta. Kalmar amniote ta fito ne daga Girkanci ἀμνίον amnion , "membrane da ke kewaye da tayi", kuma a baya "kwano wanda aka kama jinin dabbobin da aka yanka", daga ἀμνός amnos , "rago".
Amniotic ruwa embolism: Ruwan amniotic embolism (AFE) baƙon gaggawa ne na haihuwa (na haihuwa) wanda ruwan ciki ya shiga rafin jini na mahaifiya don haifar da da mai tsanani. Wannan aikin zai haifar da rushewar zuciya da zubar jini mai yawa (coagulopathy). Adadin abin da yake faruwa shine misali 1 a cikin haihuwa 20,000 kuma ya ƙunshi 10% na duk mace-macen mata.
Kwayar halittar ciki ta amniotic: Kwayar halittar jini amniotic epithelial wani nau'i ne na kwayar halitta wacce aka ciro daga murfin membrane na ciki na mahaifa. Kwayoyin halittar ciki na ciki sun fara bunkasa kusan kwanaki 8 bayan haihuwa. Wadannan kwayoyin an san su da wasu alamomin guda daya kamar yadda kwayoyin halittar tayi, musamman musamman, Oct-4 da nanog. Wadannan abubuwan kwafin sune asalin karfin kwayar halitta. Kwayoyin halittar ciki suna da ikon haɓaka zuwa kowane ɗayan ƙwayoyin cuta guda uku: endoderm, mesoderm, da ectoderm. Suna iya haɓaka cikin ƙwayoyin jijiyoyin jiki da yawa takamaiman waɗannan matakan ƙwayoyin cuta ciki har da zuciya, kwakwalwa, da hanta. Yawan kwayar halittar jikin dan adam ya sanya su zama masu amfani wajen magancewa da fada da cututtuka da rikicewar tsarin jijiyoyi da sauran kayan kyamaran jikin mutum. Bawul ɗin zuciya na wucin gadi da tracheas na aiki, da tsoka, kitse, ƙashi, zuciya, ƙoshin lafiya da ƙwayoyin hanta duk anyi aikinsu ta amfani da ƙwayoyin halittar jini. Naman da aka samo daga layin kwayar halitta na amniotic sun nuna alƙawarin ga marasa lafiya da ke fama da cututtukan da aka haifa ko nakasa zuciya, hanta, huhu, kodan, da jijiyoyin jikin mutum.
Kwayar halittar ciki ta amniotic: Kwayar halittar jini amniotic epithelial wani nau'i ne na kwayar halitta wacce aka ciro daga murfin membrane na ciki na mahaifa. Kwayoyin halittar ciki na ciki sun fara bunkasa kusan kwanaki 8 bayan haihuwa. Wadannan kwayoyin an san su da wasu alamomin guda daya kamar yadda kwayoyin halittar tayi, musamman musamman, Oct-4 da nanog. Wadannan abubuwan kwafin sune asalin karfin kwayar halitta. Kwayoyin halittar ciki suna da ikon haɓaka zuwa kowane ɗayan ƙwayoyin cuta guda uku: endoderm, mesoderm, da ectoderm. Suna iya haɓaka cikin ƙwayoyin jijiyoyin jiki da yawa takamaiman waɗannan matakan ƙwayoyin cuta ciki har da zuciya, kwakwalwa, da hanta. Yawan kwayar halittar jikin dan adam ya sanya su zama masu amfani wajen magancewa da fada da cututtuka da rikicewar tsarin jijiyoyi da sauran kayan kyamaran jikin mutum. Bawul ɗin zuciya na wucin gadi da tracheas na aiki, da tsoka, kitse, ƙashi, zuciya, ƙoshin lafiya da ƙwayoyin hanta duk anyi aikinsu ta amfani da ƙwayoyin halittar jini. Naman da aka samo daga layin kwayar halitta na amniotic sun nuna alƙawarin ga marasa lafiya da ke fama da cututtukan da aka haifa ko nakasa zuciya, hanta, huhu, kodan, da jijiyoyin jikin mutum.
Ruwan ruwa: Ruwan amniotic shine ruwa mai kariya wanda sashin amniotic na amniote mai girma ya ƙunsa. Wannan ruwan yana zama matashi ga mai girma da ke girma, amma kuma yana taimakawa don sauƙaƙe musayar abubuwan gina jiki, ruwa, da kayayyakin biochemical tsakanin uwa da ɗan tayi.
Amniotic ruwa embolism: Ruwan amniotic embolism (AFE) baƙon gaggawa ne na haihuwa (na haihuwa) wanda ruwan ciki ya shiga rafin jini na mahaifiya don haifar da da mai tsanani. Wannan aikin zai haifar da rushewar zuciya da zubar jini mai yawa (coagulopathy). Adadin abin da yake faruwa shine misali 1 a cikin haihuwa 20,000 kuma ya ƙunshi 10% na duk mace-macen mata.
Amniotic ruwa embolism: Ruwan amniotic embolism (AFE) baƙon gaggawa ne na haihuwa (na haihuwa) wanda ruwan ciki ya shiga rafin jini na mahaifiya don haifar da da mai tsanani. Wannan aikin zai haifar da rushewar zuciya da zubar jini mai yawa (coagulopathy). Adadin abin da yake faruwa shine misali 1 a cikin haihuwa 20,000 kuma ya ƙunshi 10% na duk mace-macen mata.
Hanyoyin ruwa mai narkewa: Lissafin ruwa na mahaifa (AFI) ƙididdigar adadi ne na ruwan mahaifa da kuma nuna lafiyar ɗan tayi. Yana da ɓangare na bayanan rayuwa. AFI shine kashi daya da aka bayar ga adadin ruwan amniotic da aka gani akan babban hoto na mahaifa mai ciki. Don ƙayyade AFI, likitoci na iya amfani da fasaha mai ƙididdiga huɗu, lokacin da aka auna mafi zurfin, ba a hana shi ba, tsayin tsaye na kowane aljihun ruwa a cikin kowane huɗun sannan a haɗa shi da sauran, ko abin da ake kira "Singlearamar Mafi Aljihu" dabara. AFI tsakanin 8-18 ana ɗauka na al'ada. Matsakaicin AFI na Mediya kusan 14 ne daga mako 20 zuwa sati na 35, lokacin da ruwan mahaifa ya fara ragewa a shirye shiryen haihuwa. An dauki AFI <5-6 azaman oligohydramnios. Adadin lambar na iya bambanta ta shekarun haihuwa. Kashi na biyar na shekarun haihuwa shine wasu lokuta ana amfani dashi azaman cutoff. An ɗauki AFI> 24-25 azaman polyhydramnios.
Amnioinfusion: Amnioinfusion hanya ce wacce ake sanya ruwan isotonic cikin ramin mahaifa.
Amniocentesis: Amniocentesis hanya ce ta likitanci da aka yi amfani da farko a binciken asali na rashin lafiyar chromosomal da cututtukan tayi da kuma ƙudurin jima'i. A wannan tsarin, ana daukar ƙaramin ruwan amniotic, wanda ya ƙunshi ƙwayoyin tayi, daga jakar amniotic da ke kewaye da ɗan tayi. Ana bincika DNA din tayi don rashin daidaituwar kwayoyin halitta.
Amnion: Amnion membrane ne wanda ke rufe amfrayo lokacin da aka fara halitta. Yana cika da ruwan amniotic wanda yake sa amnion ya fadada kuma ya zama jakar amniotic wanda ke ba da kariya ga mahaifa ko tayi. Amnion din, tare da waka, jakar kwai da kuma allantois sun zama jakar kariya a kewaye da amfrayo. A cikin tsuntsaye, da dabbobi masu rarrafe da kuma manyan dabbobi, jakar kariya tana a cikin kwasfa. A cikin marsupials da placental mammals, an sanya shi a cikin mahaifa.
Jakar ruwan ciki: Jakar amniotic , wanda akasari ake kira jakar ruwa , wani lokacin membranes , ita ce jakar da amfrayo da amfrayo. Pairananan siriri ne amma mai tauri wanda ke rike da amfrayo har zuwa jimawa kafin haihuwa. Cikin wadannan membranes din, amnion din, ya rufe kogon bakin ciki , dauke da ruwan amniotic da amfrayo. Membrane na waje, aminin, ya ƙunshi amnion kuma yana cikin ɓangaren mahaifa. A gefen waje, jakar amniotic an haɗa ta da jakar gwaiduwa, allantois, kuma ta igiyar cibiya, wurin mahaifa.
Kwayoyin halittar jini Kwayoyin halittar jini sune cakuda ƙwayoyin sel wanda za'a iya samu daga ruwan amniotic da membn ɗin amniotic ɗin. Zasu iya haɓaka cikin nau'ikan nau'in nama da suka haɗa da fata, guringuntsi, nama na zuciya, jijiyoyi, tsoka, da ƙashi. Kwayoyin kuma suna da aikace-aikacen likita masu mahimmanci, musamman a cikin sabuntawar sassan jiki.
Nasashen bankin banki: Bankin kwayar halitta na amniotic shine wani kayan aiki wanda ke adana ƙwayoyin sel wanda aka samo daga ruwan amniotic don amfanin gaba. Ana adana samfuran ƙwayoyin sel a bankunan masu zaman kansu musamman don amfanin mutum ɗaya wanda aka karɓi irin waɗannan ƙwayoyin kuma ana biyan kuɗin bankin ta wannan mutumin. Samfurin zai iya dawo da samfurin daga baya kawai ga wannan mutumin kuma don amfani da irin wannan mutumin ko, a cikin halaye da yawa, da ita ko danginsa na farko. Game da ruwan sha na ciki, uwar da ke ba da gudummawar da farko tana da mallakar ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin halitta da alhakin kuɗi don ajiyarta. Lokacin da yaron daga wannan ciki ya kai shekarun doka, ana iya sauya ikon mallaka da alhakin samfurin. Bankin Biocell ya buɗe banki na farko na bankin kwaya a Amurka a watan Oktoba na 2009 a Medford, Massachusetts.
Kwayoyin halittar jini Kwayoyin halittar jini sune cakuda ƙwayoyin sel wanda za'a iya samu daga ruwan amniotic da membn ɗin amniotic ɗin. Zasu iya haɓaka cikin nau'ikan nau'in nama da suka haɗa da fata, guringuntsi, nama na zuciya, jijiyoyi, tsoka, da ƙashi. Kwayoyin kuma suna da aikace-aikacen likita masu mahimmanci, musamman a cikin sabuntawar sassan jiki.
Nasashen bankin banki: Bankin kwayar halitta na amniotic shine wani kayan aiki wanda ke adana ƙwayoyin sel wanda aka samo daga ruwan amniotic don amfanin gaba. Ana adana samfuran ƙwayoyin sel a bankunan masu zaman kansu musamman don amfanin mutum ɗaya wanda aka karɓi irin waɗannan ƙwayoyin kuma ana biyan kuɗin bankin ta wannan mutumin. Samfurin zai iya dawo da samfurin daga baya kawai ga wannan mutumin kuma don amfani da irin wannan mutumin ko, a cikin halaye da yawa, da ita ko danginsa na farko. Game da ruwan sha na ciki, uwar da ke ba da gudummawar da farko tana da mallakar ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin halitta da alhakin kuɗi don ajiyarta. Lokacin da yaron daga wannan ciki ya kai shekarun doka, ana iya sauya ikon mallaka da alhakin samfurin. Bankin Biocell ya buɗe banki na farko na bankin kwaya a Amurka a watan Oktoba na 2009 a Medford, Massachusetts.
Estrogenic abubuwa: Abubuwan Estrogenic , wanda ake kira estrogens na halitta kuma ana siyar dasu a ƙarƙashin sunan Amniotin tsakanin wasu, magani ne na estrogen wanda aka siyar dashi a cikin 1930s da 1940s kuma yanzu babu shi. Ya kasance tsarkakakken tsantsar kayan dabbobi kamar fitsarin doki, mahaifa, da / ko ruwan amniotic, kuma ya ƙunshi cakuda mara kristal na estrogens, gami da estrone, 17β-estradiol, 17α-estradiol, da / ko equilin. Anyi tunanin maganin yana dauke da sinadarin estrone a matsayin babban sinadarin da yake aiki kuma an bayyana shi a matsayin shiri irin na estrogen, ko kuma a matsayin "ainihin estrogen". An samo asalin Estrogenic daga asalin fitsarin mata masu juna biyu, mahaifa, da / ko ruwan amniotic, amma a farkon 1940s, an kera shi ne kawai daga fitsarin dawakai ko maren masu ciki, kamar kusan dukkanin sauran shirye shiryen estrogen din a kasuwa.
Rushewar wucin gadi na membranes: Rushewar jikin mutum ( AROM ), wanda aka fi sani da amniotomy , ungozoma ko likitan mata ne ke aiwatar da shi kuma an taɓa tunanin wata hanya ce mai tasiri don haifar ko hanzarta aiki. Za a iya fashe membran ɗin ta amfani da kayan aiki na musamman, kamar amnihook ko amnicot, ko kuma yatsan mai aiwatarwa na iya fashewa. Dabaru daban-daban don fashewar wucin gadi na membranes ba a kwatanta su sosai a cikin adabi ba. A cikin binciken daya gwada amnihook da amnicot don fashewar wucin gadi na membranes, amfani da amnicot yana da alaƙa da ƙananan lacerations na yan jariri.