Skipper v. South Carolina, McLaughlin v. United States, California v. Ciraolo

Kyaftin v. South Carolina: Skipper v. South Carolina , 476 US 1 (1986), ita ce shari'ar Kotun Koli ta Amurka inda Kotun ta ce doka daga Lockett v. Ohio (1978) ta nuna cewa rage takaddun shaida ba zai iya zama iyakance dangane da muhimmancin ba.
McLaughlin v. Amurka: McLaughlin da Amurka , 476 US 16 (1986), shari'ar Kotun Kolin Amurka ce inda Kotun gaba ɗayan ta ce bindigar da aka sauke shi "makami ne mai haɗari" a cikin ma'anar dokokin fashin banki na tarayya. Wasu masu sharhi sun bayyana gajeren bayanin mai shari'a John Paul Stevens a cikin McLaughlin a matsayin "mafi karancin ra'ayi da Kotun ta yi a shekaru da dama."
California v. Ciraolo: California v. Ciraolo , 476 US 207 (1986), shari'a ce da Kotun Koli ta Amurka ta yanke, inda ta yanke hukuncin cewa kallon iska ba tare da izini ba na bayan gidan mutum bai saba wa Kwaskwarimar Amurka ta Hudu ga Tsarin Mulkin Amurka ba.
Dow Chemical Co. v. Amurka: Dow Chemical Co. v. Amurka , 476 US 227 (1986), shari'ar Kotun Koli ta Amurka ce da aka yanke a cikin 1986 game da haƙƙin sirri da kuma ci gaban fasahar kera iska.
Wygant v. Jackson Hukumar Kula da Ilimi: Wygant v. Kwamitin Ilimi na Jackson , 476 US 267 (1986), ya kasance shari'a a gaban Kotun Koli ta Amurka. Lamarin seminal ne na "ƙaƙƙarfan tushe-cikin-shaidar ƙa'ida" don shirye-shiryen aikin tabbatarwa.
South Carolina v. Catawba Indiya Tribe, Inc.: South Carolina v. Catawba Indian Tribe, Inc. , 476 US 498 (1986), muhimmin misali ne na Kotun Koli ta Amurka don taken asali a Amurka da aka yanke shawarar bayan County na Oneida da Oneida Indian Nation ta Jihar New York ( 1985). Da yake rarrabe Oneida II , Kotun ta tabbatar da cewa manufofin tarayya ba su hana aiwatar da dokar ƙasa ta iyakance ga batun mallakar ƙabila da aka daina ba, kamar ƙabilar Catawba.
Diamond v. Charles: Diamond v. Charles , 476 US 54 (1986), shari'ar Kotun Koli ce ta Amurka da ta yanke hukunci cewa 'yan ƙasa ba su da Mataki na III da ke tsaye don ƙalubalantar tsarin mulki na dokar ƙasa a kotun tarayya sai dai idan sun mallaki "madaidaiciyar gungumen azaba" a cikin sakamako.
Bowen v. Roy: Bowen da Roy , 476 US 693 (1986), shari'ar Kotun Koli ce ta Amurka wacce ta tsayar da iyaka a kan 'yancin yin addini a Amurka.
Amurka v. Dion: United States v. Dion , 476 US 734 (1986), yanke hukunci ne da Kotun Koli ta Amurka ta yanke wanda ya ce, a karkashin Dokar Kare Mikiya, an hana Indiyawan Amurka farautar gaggafa. Mai shari'a Thurgood Marshall ya rubuta ra'ayi daya na Kotun.
Thornburgh v. Kwalejin Kwalejin Obestetricians & Gynecologists: Thornburgh v. Kwalejin Amurka na Matan Zamani da Mata , 476 US 747 (1986), shari'ar Kotun Koli ta Amurka ce da ta shafi ƙalubalanci Dokar Kula da zubar da ciki na Pennsylvania na 1982.
Batson v. Kentucky: Batson v. Kentucky , 476 US 79 (1986), ya kasance babban yanke hukunci na hukuncin Kotun Koli na Amurka cewa yin amfani da mai gabatar da kara na kalubalantar shari'a a shari'ar aikata laifuka — sallamar alkalai ba tare da bayyana wani dalilin da zai sa su aikata hakan ba - ba za a yi amfani da su don ware masu yanke hukunci bisa la'akari da launin fatarsu. Kotun ta yanke hukuncin cewa wannan dabi'ar ta karya Ka'idar Kariyar Daidaitawa ta Kwaskwarima ta sha huɗu. Shari'ar ta haifar da Kalmar kalubalen Batson , rashin amincewa ga kalubalen damuwa bisa la'akari da matsayin da Kotun Koli ta yanke a wannan karar. Fikihu mai zuwa ya haifar da fadada Batson zuwa shari'o'in farar hula da kuma shari'o'in da ba a yanke hukuncin alkalai bisa la'akari da jima'i.
.466 Enfield: The .476 Enfield , wanda aka fi sani da .476 Eley , .476 Revolver , kuma lokaci-lokaci .455 / 476 , shine gidan wuta na Burtaniya da ke da wutar baƙar fata. Sunan Enfield ya samo asali ne daga wurin da Masana'antar kera kananan makamai take a Enfield Lock, ma'ajiyar makaman da aka kera kananan makamai na sojojin Burtaniya, yayin da Eley ya kasance alamar kasuwancin Biritaniya. An yi amfani da shi a cikin Enfield Mk II revolver, Sojojin Birtaniyya sun gabatar da nau'ikan Mk III a cikin 1881, suna maye gurbin ginshiƙan farko na .476 Enfield Mark I da II, waɗanda kuma suka maye gurbin ginshiƙan .450 Adams, duk waɗannan kuma suna amfani da baƙar fata furotin foda.
5th karni a Ireland: Abubuwan da suka faru daga ƙarni na 5 a ƙasar Ireland .
5th karni a shayari:
476th: 476th na iya koma zuwa: 476th Bombardment Squadron, activeungiyar Sojan Sama ta Amurka ba ta aiki Rukuni na 476 na Kungiyar Soja, Sojojin Sama na Amurka, wadanda aka kafa a Moody Air Force Base, Georgia 476th Tactical Fighter Squadron, activeungiyar Sojan Sama ta Amurka ba ta aiki
6ungiyar Bombardment 476th: 476th Bombardment Squadron wani rukunin Sojan Sama ne na Amurka da ba ya aiki. Na ƙarshe an sanya shi zuwa Rukunin Bombardment na 335, wanda aka kafa a Barksdale Army Airfield, Louisiana. An kashe shi a ranar 1 Mayu 1944.
Rukunin Mayaka na 476: Rukunin Mayakan na 476 shine Rukunin ajiyar iska (ARC) na Sojan Sama na Amurka. Yana daga cikin rundunar sojojin sama ta goma na rundunar sojojin sama, wanda aka kafa a Moody Air Force Base, Georgia. Idan aka tara, Wing ya sami nasara ne ta Umurnin Yakin Sama.
476th Tatical Fighter Squadron: 476th Tactical Fighter Squadron ƙungiya ce ta Sojan Sama ta Amurka da ba ta aiki. An sanya na ƙarshe zuwa Wing Wighter Fighter Wing, wanda aka kafa a Seymour Johnson AFB, North Carolina. Ba shi da aiki a ranar 18 Maris 1969.
476th Tatical Fighter Squadron: 476th Tactical Fighter Squadron ƙungiya ce ta Sojan Sama ta Amurka da ba ta aiki. An sanya na ƙarshe zuwa Wing Wighter Fighter Wing, wanda aka kafa a Seymour Johnson AFB, North Carolina. Ba shi da aiki a ranar 18 Maris 1969.
477: Shekarar 477 ( CDLXXVII ) shekara ce gama gari wacce aka fara Asabar a kalandar Julian. A lokacin, an san ta da Shekarar bayan ulsarfafawar Basiliscus da Armatus . Anyi amfani da lambar 477 ta wannan shekarar tun farkon zamanin da, lokacin da kalandar Anno Domini ta zama hanyar gama gari a Turai don sanya suna.
Damnacanthal: Damnacanthal shine anthraquinone wanda aka keɓe daga tushen Morinda citrifolia , ta amfani da ruwa ko abubuwan ƙarancin abubuwa.
Jerin kananan duniyoyi: 4001-5000:
Tsarin lokaci na zuwa nan gaba: Duk da cewa ba za a iya yin hasashen nan gaba da tabbaci ba, fahimtar da ake da ita a yanzu a fannoni daban-daban na kimiyya na ba da damar hango wasu abubuwan da za su faru a nan gaba, in dai a mafi fadi ne. Wadannan fannonin sun hada da ilimin taurari, wanda ya bayyana yadda taurari da taurari ke samuwa, da mu'amala, da mutuwa; kimiyyar lissafi, wanda ya bayyana yadda kwayar halitta ke aiki a mafi karancin sikeli; ilimin halittar rayuwa, wanda yake hasashen yadda rayuwa zata kasance akan lokaci; da plate tectonics, wanda ke nuna yadda nahiyoyin ke canzawa zuwa millennia.
Jerin kananan duniyoyi: 4001-5000:
Jerin kananan duniyoyi: 4001-5000:
Mangiferin: Mangiferin shine xanthonoid. Wannan kwayar tana kunshi glucoside na norathyriol.
Jerin kananan duniyoyi: 4001-5000:
4800 West Old Bingham Highway tashar: 4800 W Old Bingham Hwy tashar jirgin ƙasa ce mai sauƙi a cikin unguwar Welby na Yammacin Jordan, Utah, a cikin Amurka, wanda Red Line na UTAh Transit Authority (UTA) TRAX tsarin dogo ke aiki. Red Line yana ba da sabis daga Jami'ar Utah zuwa breakungiyar Safiya ta Kudancin Jordan.
Jerin kananan duniyoyi: 4001-5000:
Jerin kananan duniyoyi: 4001-5000:
4776 Luyi: 4776 Luyi , ajali na ɗan lokaci na 1975 VD , shine asalin tauraron mai haske daga yankuna na ciki na bel din asteroid, kusan kilomita 3.6 a diamita An gano shi a ranar 3 ga Nuwamba Nuwamba 1975, da masana ilimin taurari na Harvard a Oak Ridge Observatory a Massachusetts, Amurka. An sanya sunan tauraron dan adam garin Luyi na kasar China, mahaifar Laozi wanda ya kafa Taoism. Luyi kuma ana sa masa suna ne dan ɗan masanin ilimin kimiyar Havard Cheng-yuan Shao.
Jerin kananan duniyoyi: 4001-5000:
Jerin kananan duniyoyi: 4001-5000:
Jerin kananan duniyoyi: 4001-5000:
477 BC: Shekarar 477 BC shekara ce ta kalandar Roman ta pre-Julian. A lokacin, an san shi da Shekarar ulsarfafawa na Pulvillus da Lanatus . An yi amfani da darikar 477 BC kafin wannan shekarar tun daga farkon zamanin da, lokacin da kalandar Anno Domini ta zama hanyar gama gari a Turai don sanya suna.
400 (lamba): 400 shine lambar halitta wacce take bin 399 kuma ta gabata 401.
477: Shekarar 477 ( CDLXXVII ) shekara ce gama gari wacce aka fara Asabar a kalandar Julian. A lokacin, an san ta da Shekarar bayan ulsarfafawar Basiliscus da Armatus . Anyi amfani da lambar 477 ta wannan shekarar tun farkon zamanin da, lokacin da kalandar Anno Domini ta zama hanyar gama gari a Turai don sanya suna.
477: Shekarar 477 ( CDLXXVII ) shekara ce gama gari wacce aka fara Asabar a kalandar Julian. A lokacin, an san ta da Shekarar bayan ulsarfafawar Basiliscus da Armatus . Anyi amfani da lambar 477 ta wannan shekarar tun farkon zamanin da, lokacin da kalandar Anno Domini ta zama hanyar gama gari a Turai don sanya suna.
477 BC: Shekarar 477 BC shekara ce ta kalandar Roman ta pre-Julian. A lokacin, an san shi da Shekarar ulsarfafawa na Pulvillus da Lanatus . An yi amfani da darikar 477 BC kafin wannan shekarar tun daga farkon zamanin da, lokacin da kalandar Anno Domini ta zama hanyar gama gari a Turai don sanya suna.
477 BC: Shekarar 477 BC shekara ce ta kalandar Roman ta pre-Julian. A lokacin, an san shi da Shekarar ulsarfafawa na Pulvillus da Lanatus . An yi amfani da darikar 477 BC kafin wannan shekarar tun daga farkon zamanin da, lokacin da kalandar Anno Domini ta zama hanyar gama gari a Turai don sanya suna.
477: Shekarar 477 ( CDLXXVII ) shekara ce gama gari wacce aka fara Asabar a kalandar Julian. A lokacin, an san ta da Shekarar bayan ulsarfafawar Basiliscus da Armatus . Anyi amfani da lambar 477 ta wannan shekarar tun farkon zamanin da, lokacin da kalandar Anno Domini ta zama hanyar gama gari a Turai don sanya suna.
Lokaci da Zazzabi Ginin: Ginin Lokaci da Zazzabi , wanda aka fi sani da Gidan Chapman , kuma a hukumance 477 Congress Street , gini ne mai hawa goma sha huɗu a cikin garin Portland, Maine. An sanya wa ginin suna ne bayan babban allon nuni da kwankwaso mai hade da abubuwa uku a saman rufin wanda ke haskaka lokaci da yanayin yankin. An gina shi a cikin 1924 a matsayin bene mai hawa goma sha biyu, tare da cibiyar cinikin gida ta farko na Maine a falonta. Tana kusa da gidan bene mai hawa goma Fidelity Trust Tower; har zuwa 1970s, waɗannan gine-ginen sune kawai masu ginin sama na Portland.
477 Italia: Italia babban tauraron bel ne wanda aka gano a ranar 23 ga watan Agusta 1901 daga masanin ilimin taurari ɗan ƙasar Italiya Luigi Carnera a Heidelberg.
Maine v. Taylor: Maine v. Taylor , 477 US 131 (1986), shari'a ce wacce Kotun Koli ta Amurka ta ce akwai banda ga "kusan kowace dokar rashin gaskiya" na dokar kasuwanci da ba ta da hurumi. Kotun kolin Amurka ta gano cewa wata dokar Maine da ta hana shigo da kifin ba-na-waje ya saba wa doka saboda hukumomin Maine ba za su iya tabbatar da cewa kifin da ake shigowa da shi ba zai kasance da "kwari da jinsin wadanda ba na asali ba" wadanda ka iya haifar da muhalli cutar da ilimin halittu na cikin gida. Za a iya tabbatar da dokokin nuna wariya ne kawai idan sun yi amfani da "halaye na gari na gari wadanda ba za a iya aiwatar da su yadda ya kamata ba ta hanyar wadatattun hanyoyin da ba na nuna bambanci ba," in ji Justice Blackmun, marubucin masu rinjaye. A cikin garin Philadelphia da New Jersey , Kotun ta yanke hukunci a baya cewa haramcin da New Jersey ta yi na haramtacciyar sharar waje ba ta nuna wariya ga fuskokin mazauna jihar a kasuwar kasa ba saboda haka aka juya ta.
Anderson v. Erancin Liberty, Inc.: Anderson v. Liberty Lobby, Inc. , 477 US 242 (1986), shari'ar Kotun Supremeoli ta Amurka ce da ke bayyana mizanin kotu ta shari'a don ba da taƙaitaccen hukunci. Bayanin taƙaitawa zai kasance lokacin da, ɗaukar duk wasu maganganu na gaskiya cikin yardar mai ba maras nauyi, babu batun gaskiya game da gaskiyar abin da ke ƙasa kuma mai mofani ya cancanci hukunci a matsayin doka. Saboda kotuna kusan koyaushe suna ambaton bbyancin Yanci a cikin ra'ayoyinsu don mizani game da motsi don yanke hukunci, Liberty Lobby ita ce shari'ar Kotun Koli da aka faɗi mafi yawan gaske.
Celotex Corp. v. Katarin: Celotex Corp. v. Catrett , 477 US 317 (1986), shari'a ce da Kotun Koli ta Amurka ta yanke, wanda Babban Sakatare William Rehnquist ya rubuta a lokacin. A cikin Celotex , Kotun ta yanke hukunci cewa ƙungiyar da ke son yanke hukunci ta buƙaci kawai ta nuna cewa ɓangaren da ke hamayya ba shi da cikakkiyar shaidar da za ta iya taimaka wa shari'arta. Wani fasali mafi girma na wannan koyaswar daga baya an sanya shi a ƙa'ida ga Dokokin Tarayya na Dokokin Civilasa.
Hyundai Santa fe v. Ford v. Wainwright , 477 US 399 (1986), ya kasance sanannen shari'ar Kotun Koli ta Amurka wacce ta goyi bayan ƙa'idar dokar gama gari cewa ba za a kashe mahaukata ba; saboda haka mai shigar da karar na da hakkin a kimanta cancanta da kuma sauraron bahasi a kotu kan batun ikon da za a zartar.
Ma'aikatar Baitulmali, Ofishin Alkahol, Taba & Wuta da v. Galioto: Ma'aikatar Baitulmali, Ofishin Alkahol, Taba da Wuta da Galioto , 477 US 556 (1986), shari'ar Kotun Kolin Amurka ce.
Bankin Bankin Meritor v. Vinson: Bankin Meritor Savings Bank v. Vinson , 477 US 57 (1986), shari'ar dokar kwadago ce ta Amurka, inda Kotun Koli ta Amurka, a cikin hukuncin 9-0, ta amince da cin zarafin mata a matsayin take take na VII na Dokar 'Yancin Dan Adam na 1964. Shari'ar ita ce irinta ta farko da ta isa Kotun Koli kuma za ta sake bayyana batun cin zarafin mata a wuraren aiki.
Hukumar Kare Hakkin Bil'adama ta Ohio v. Dayton Christian Schools, Inc.: Hukumar Kare Hakkin Bil'adama ta Ohio da. Dayton Christian Schools, Inc. , 477 US 619 (1986), ta sauya hukuncin da wata karamar kotun ta yanke kuma ta bayyana cewa karamar kotun ba za ta saurari karar ba har sai bayan Hukumar Kare Hakkin Dan Adam ta Ohio ta kammala binciken ta. Kwamitin ya ce rashin sabuntawa da harbe-harben sun nuna wariyar jinsi ba bisa doka ba, yayin da makarantar ta yi iƙirarin cewa wannan batun batun coci ne wanda bai dace da hukumomin farar hula ba.
Lyng v. Castillo: Lyng v. Castillo , 477 US 635 (1986), ya sauya hukuncin da karamar kotu ta yanke cewa canjin da doka ta ba da na magidanta ya keta hakkin mai gabatar da kara. An canza dokokin shirin don hatimin abinci a cikin 1981 da 1982 wanda ya canza ma'anar gidaje. Kotun Koli ta Amurka ta yanke hukuncin cewa Kotun Gunduma ta yi kuskure wajen yin bincike mai tsafta don nazarin ingancin ma'anar gidan.
5th karni a shayari:
477th: 477th na iya koma zuwa: 477th Bombardment Squadron, inungiyar Sojan Sama ta Amurka ba ta aiki 477th Fighter Group, rukunin F-22A Raptor na farko na Sojan Sama 477th Tactical Fighter Squadron, activeungiyar Sojan Sama ta Amurka ba ta aiki
Rukunin Mayaka na 477: Fungiyar Fasaha ta 477 ƙungiya ce ta ajiyar iska ta Airungiyar Sojan Sama ta Amurka. An sanya shi zuwa Jirgin Sama na goma, Dokar Tsaro ta Sojan Sama, wanda aka kafa a Joint Base Elmendorf – Richardson, Alaska. F77th FG ƙungiya ce ta ƙungiyar 3d Wing of Pacific Air Force (PACAF), kuma idan aka tattara ƙungiyar to PACAF ne ya samu.
7ungiyar Bombardment 477th: 7ungiyar 477th Bombardment Squadron ƙungiya ce ta Sojan Sama ta Amurka da ba ta aiki. An sanya shi na ƙarshe zuwa Rukunin Bombardment na 335, wanda aka kafa a Barksdale Army Airfield, Louisiana. An kashe shi a ranar 1 Mayu 1944.
Rukunin Mayaka na 477: Fungiyar Fasaha ta 477 ƙungiya ce ta ajiyar iska ta Airungiyar Sojan Sama ta Amurka. An sanya shi zuwa Jirgin Sama na goma, Dokar Tsaro ta Sojan Sama, wanda aka kafa a Joint Base Elmendorf – Richardson, Alaska. F77th FG ƙungiya ce ta ƙungiyar 3d Wing of Pacific Air Force (PACAF), kuma idan aka tattara ƙungiyar to PACAF ne ya samu.
477th Tatical Fighter Squadron: 477th Tactical Fighter Squadron ƙungiya ce ta Sojan Sama ta Amurka da ba ta aiki. Aikinta na karshe shine tare da 312th Tactical Fighter Wing, wanda yake tushen a Cannon Air Force Base. Sabuwar Mexico. An kashe shi a ranar 18 Fabrairu 1959.
Rukunin Mayaka na 477: Fungiyar Fasaha ta 477 ƙungiya ce ta ajiyar iska ta Airungiyar Sojan Sama ta Amurka. An sanya shi zuwa Jirgin Sama na goma, Dokar Tsaro ta Sojan Sama, wanda aka kafa a Joint Base Elmendorf – Richardson, Alaska. F77th FG ƙungiya ce ta ƙungiyar 3d Wing of Pacific Air Force (PACAF), kuma idan aka tattara ƙungiyar to PACAF ne ya samu.
Rukuni na 266th (Tarayyar Soviet): Rifle na 266th shine raunin bindiga na Soviet Red Army a lokacin Yaƙin Duniya na II. An kafa ta 266 sau uku yayin yakin.
477th Tatical Fighter Squadron: 477th Tactical Fighter Squadron ƙungiya ce ta Sojan Sama ta Amurka da ba ta aiki. Aikinta na karshe shine tare da 312th Tactical Fighter Wing, wanda yake tushen a Cannon Air Force Base. Sabuwar Mexico. An kashe shi a ranar 18 Fabrairu 1959.
478: Gamawa Shekarar 478 ( CDLXXVIII ) shekara ce gama gari wacce aka fara daga ranar Lahadi a kalandar Julian. A lokacin, an san shi da Shekarar ulsarfafa Illus ba tare da abokin aiki ba . An yi amfani da darikar 478 na wannan shekarar tun farkon zamanin da, lokacin da kalandar Anno Domini ta zama hanyar gama gari a Turai don sanya suna.
Rhein (kwayoyin): Rhein , wanda aka fi sani da cassic acid , wani abu ne a cikin ƙungiyar anthraquinone da aka samo daga rhubarb. Kamar kowane irin waɗannan abubuwa, rhein abu ne mai haɗari. Rhein yawanci ana samunsa azaman glycoside kamar su rhein-8-glucoside ko glucorhein. Rhein an fara kebe shi ne a shekarar 1895. Ana samunsa a jinsunan rhubarb kamar Rheum undulatum da Rheum palmatum da kuma a Cassia reticulata .
Jerin kananan duniyoyi: 4001-5000:
Tsarin lokaci na zuwa nan gaba: Duk da cewa ba za a iya yin hasashen nan gaba da tabbaci ba, fahimtar da ake da ita a yanzu a fannoni daban-daban na kimiyya na ba da damar hango wasu abubuwan da za su faru a nan gaba, in dai a mafi fadi ne. Wadannan fannonin sun hada da ilimin taurari, wanda ya bayyana yadda taurari da taurari ke samuwa, da mu'amala, da mutuwa; kimiyyar lissafi, wanda ya bayyana yadda kwayar halitta ke aiki a mafi karancin sikeli; ilimin halittar rayuwa, wanda yake hasashen yadda rayuwa zata kasance akan lokaci; da plate tectonics, wanda ke nuna yadda nahiyoyin ke canzawa zuwa millennia.
4780th Wurin Tsaro na Sama: Winging Defence Wing kungiyar 4780th wacce aka dakatar da kungiyar sojan sama ta Amurka. Aikinta na karshe shi ne tare da Cibiyar Makamai ta Tsaron Sama da ke Perrin Air Force Base, Texas, inda aka dakatar da ita a 1971. An shirya reshen a shekarar 1962 lokacin da Kwamandan Tsaron Sama (ADC) ya dauki aikin horar da matukin jirgin sama daga Kwamandan Horar da Jirgin Sama (ATC) ).
4780th Wurin Tsaro na Sama: Winging Defence Wing kungiyar 4780th wacce aka dakatar da kungiyar sojan sama ta Amurka. Aikinta na karshe shi ne tare da Cibiyar Makamai ta Tsaron Sama da ke Perrin Air Force Base, Texas, inda aka dakatar da ita a 1971. An shirya reshen a shekarar 1962 lokacin da Kwamandan Tsaron Sama (ADC) ya dauki aikin horar da matukin jirgin sama daga Kwamandan Horar da Jirgin Sama (ATC) ).
Jerin kananan duniyoyi: 4001-5000:
Jerin kananan duniyoyi: 4001-5000:
Jerin kananan duniyoyi: 4001-5000:
Jerin kananan duniyoyi: 47001–48000:
Jerin kananan duniyoyi: 4001-5000:
Jerin kananan duniyoyi: 47001–48000:
Jerin kananan duniyoyi: 4001-5000:
Jerin kananan duniyoyi: 47001–48000:
Jerin kananan duniyoyi: 4001-5000:
4786 Tatianina: 4786 Tatianina , wanda aka tsara na ɗan lokaci 1985 PE 2 , shine mai haske mai ban sha'awa asteroid kuma tsarin aiki tare mai kyau daga yankuna na ciki na bel din asteroid, kusan kilomita 3.4 (mil mil 2.1) a diamita. An gano shi ne a ranar 13 ga Agusta 1985, ta hanyar masanin tauraron dan adam Nikolai Chernykh a Masallacin Astrophysical Observatory na Crimean a Nauchnij, a tsibirin Kirimiya. An sanya masa suna ne bayan Tatiana Somova, abokiyar mai binciken. E- / Xc-subtype yana da gajeren lokacin juyawa na awanni 2.9. An gano wata karamar mil-mil da ke duniyar wata a ranar 20 ga Maris 2006 kuma ta sanar da watan mai zuwa.
Jerin kananan duniyoyi: 4001-5000:
Jerin kananan duniyoyi: 4001-5000:
4789 Sprattia: 4789 Sprattia , wanda aka tsara na ɗan lokaci na 1987 UU 2 , shine tauraron bango mai ban tsoro daga yankuna na ciki na bel din asteroid, kusan kilomita 4 (mil mil 2.5) a diamita. An gano shi a ranar 20 ga Oktoba 1987, da masanin tauraron Kanada David Balam a Climenhaga Observatory ( 657 ) a Victoria, Kanada. S-type asteroid yana da lokacin juyawa na awanni 3.1 kuma an sanya masa suna ne bayan masanin falakin Kanada mai son Christopher E. Spratt.
478 BC: Shekarar 478 BC shekara ce ta kalandar Roman ta pre-Julian. A lokacin, an san shi da Shekarar ulsarfafawar Mamercus da Structus . An yi amfani da darikar 478 BC kafin wannan shekarar tun daga farkon zamanin da, lokacin da kalandar Anno Domini ta zama hanyar gama gari a Turai don sanya suna.
Bayan haka (fim din 2017): Bayan haka fim ne mai ban sha'awa na Amurka na 2017 wanda Elliott Lester ya jagoranta kuma Javier Gullón ya rubuta shi. Fim ɗin, wanda Arnold Schwarzenegger, Scoot McNairy, Maggie Grace, da Martin Donovan suka fito, an sake shi a ranar 7 ga Afrilu, 2017 ta Lionsgate Premiere. Fim ɗin ya dogara da abubuwan da suka faru da kuma mutanen da ke kewaye da karo na tsakiyar Überlingen na shekara ta 2002 na jirgin fasinja da jirgin jigilar kaya, kodayake an canza sunaye, wurare, ƙasashe, da abubuwan da suka faru. An sake shi akan bidiyo akan buƙata.
400 (lamba): 400 shine lambar halitta wacce take bin 399 kuma ta gabata 401.
478: Gamawa Shekarar 478 ( CDLXXVIII ) shekara ce gama gari wacce aka fara daga ranar Lahadi a kalandar Julian. A lokacin, an san shi da Shekarar ulsarfafa Illus ba tare da abokin aiki ba . An yi amfani da darikar 478 na wannan shekarar tun farkon zamanin da, lokacin da kalandar Anno Domini ta zama hanyar gama gari a Turai don sanya suna.
478: Gamawa Shekarar 478 ( CDLXXVIII ) shekara ce gama gari wacce aka fara daga ranar Lahadi a kalandar Julian. A lokacin, an san shi da Shekarar ulsarfafa Illus ba tare da abokin aiki ba . An yi amfani da darikar 478 na wannan shekarar tun farkon zamanin da, lokacin da kalandar Anno Domini ta zama hanyar gama gari a Turai don sanya suna.
478 BC: Shekarar 478 BC shekara ce ta kalandar Roman ta pre-Julian. A lokacin, an san shi da Shekarar ulsarfafawar Mamercus da Structus . An yi amfani da darikar 478 BC kafin wannan shekarar tun daga farkon zamanin da, lokacin da kalandar Anno Domini ta zama hanyar gama gari a Turai don sanya suna.
478 BC: Shekarar 478 BC shekara ce ta kalandar Roman ta pre-Julian. A lokacin, an san shi da Shekarar ulsarfafawar Mamercus da Structus . An yi amfani da darikar 478 BC kafin wannan shekarar tun daga farkon zamanin da, lokacin da kalandar Anno Domini ta zama hanyar gama gari a Turai don sanya suna.
478: Gamawa Shekarar 478 ( CDLXXVIII ) shekara ce gama gari wacce aka fara daga ranar Lahadi a kalandar Julian. A lokacin, an san shi da Shekarar ulsarfafa Illus ba tare da abokin aiki ba . An yi amfani da darikar 478 na wannan shekarar tun farkon zamanin da, lokacin da kalandar Anno Domini ta zama hanyar gama gari a Turai don sanya suna.
Gundumar Columbia v. Heller: Gundumar Columbia v. Heller , 554 US 570 (2008), yanke shawara ce ta musamman game da hukuncin Kotun Koli na Amurka cewa Kwaskwarimar ta Biyu ta kare haƙƙin mutum na riƙe da ɗaukar makamai, wanda ba shi da alaƙa da sabis a cikin mayaƙa, don dalilai na halal na al'ada, kamar kare kai a cikin gida, da kuma dokar hana amfani da bindiga ta gundumar Columbia da kuma bukatar a mallaki bindigogi da bindigogi ta hanyar doka "a saukake tare da rarraba su ko kuma kulle su ta hanyar kulle kulle" ya keta wannan garantin. Sanarwar ta kuma ce 'yancin daukar makami ba shi da iyaka kuma za a ci gaba da sarrafa bindigogi da mallakar bindiga. Ita ce shari'ar Kotun Koli ta farko da ta yanke hukunci kan ko Kwaskwarimar ta Biyu ta kare hakkin dan adam na rikewa da daukar makamai don kare kai ko kuma idan an yi nufin 'yan tawayen ne da' yan tawaye.
478 Tergeste: Tergeste , wanda aka kera na ɗan lokaci 1901 GU , shine nau'in tauraron da ba a san irinsa ba daga yankin waje na bel din asteroid, kusan kilomita 78 a diamita. An gano shi a ranar 21 ga Satumba 1901, ta wani masanin ilimin taurari dan kasar Italiya Luigi Carnera a Heidelberg Observatory da ke kudancin Jamus. An lakafta shi ne bayan garin Trieste na Italiya.
Davis v. Bandemer: Davis v. Bandemer , 478 US 109 (1986), shari'a ce wacce Kotun Koli ta Amurka ta yi ikirarin cewa shari'ar bautar da dangi ba daidai ba ce, amma ta kasa yarda a kan kyakkyawan mizani na sake duba shari'a game da ajin da'awar wani yanayin siyasa wanda irin waɗannan shari'o'in suke. Daga baya an iyakance shawarar dangane da yawancin abubuwan da suka shafi al'amurran sake daidaitawa da yaduwar siyasa kai tsaye, amma an dan kara fadada shi dangane da batutuwan hanyoyin da ba su da muhimmanci. 'Yan Democrat sun sami kashi 51.9% na kuri'un, amma kujeru 43/100 ne kacal. 'Yan Democrat sun yi karar mutum daya, kuri'a daya, amma,' Yan Democrat na California sun goyi bayan shirin Indiana GOP.
Bowers v. Hardwick: Bowers v. Hardwick , 478 US 186 (1986), yanke shawara ne mai ban mamaki na Kotun Koli ta Amurka wacce ta zartar, a cikin hukuncin da ya gabata na 5 - 4, tsarin mulkin wata dokar 'yan luwadi da ke Georgia da ke aikata laifuffuka na baka da na dubura a cikin sirri tsakanin manya masu yarda, a wannan shari'ar game da luwadi, duk da cewa doka ba ta bambance tsakanin luwadi da luwadi ba. An dakatar da wannan shari'ar a 2003 a Lawrence v. Texas , kodayake Kotun Koli ta Georgia ta riga ta zartar da dokar.
Thornburg v. Gingles: Thornburg v. Gingles , 478 US 30 (1986), shari'ar Kotun Koli ta Amurka ce inda wata Kotun da aka yarda da ita ta gano cewa "gadon nuna wariya a hukumance ... ya yi aiki tare tare da makircin murkushe dimbin mutane don lalata ikon .. . kungiyoyin hadin gwiwa na bakaken fata masu jefa kuri'a don shiga a dama dasu cikin harkokin siyasa da kuma zabar 'yan takarar da suke so. " Hukuncin ya soke gundumomi na Babban taron Majalisar na North Carolina kuma ya haifar da ƙarin yankuna guda ɗaya a cikin majalisun dokokin jihohi.
Posadas de Puerto Rico Associates v. Yawon shakatawa Co na Puerto Rico: Posadas de Puerto Rico Associates v. Tourism Co. na Puerto Rico , 478 US 328 (1986), sun daukaka kara ne a 1986 zuwa Kotun Koli na Amurka don yanke hukunci kan ko Dokokin Wasannin Puerto Rico na Dokar Chance na 1948 suna cikin bin doka da Tsarin Mulkin Amurka, musamman game da 'yancin faɗar albarkacin baki, ba da kariya daidai da tsarin shari'a. A cikin shawarar da aka yanke a cikin 3-4, Kotun Koli ta tabbatar da cewa gwamnatin Puerto Rico (doka) na iya ƙuntata tallan caca daga cin zarafin mazauna, koda kuwa aikin da kansa doka ne kuma an ba da izini ga masu yawon bude ido. Kotun Koli ta Amurka ta tabbatar da hukuncin Kotun Koli na Puerto Rico, kamar yadda Kotun Koli ta Puerto Rico ta gina, cewa Dokar da ka'idoji ba sa keta fuskar Kwaskwarimar Farko, kuma ba ta keta tsarin da ya dace ba ko Kalmomin Daidaita Daidaita na Kwaskwarima na sha huɗu.
Yankin Makarantar Bethel v. Fraser: Yankin Makarantar Betel da Fraser , 478 US 675 (1986), yanke hukunci ne mai ban mamaki da Kotun Koli ta Amurka ta yanke game da magana a cikin makarantun gwamnati. An dakatar da dalibin makarantar sakandare Matthew Fraser daga makaranta a Yankin Makarantar Betel a Washington saboda yin wani jawabi ciki har da maganganun lalata a taron makarantar. Kotun kolin ta ce dakatarwar da aka yi masa ba ta saba wa Kwaskwarimar Farko ta 'yancin fadin albarkacin baki ba.
Bowsher v. Synar: Bowsher v. Synar , 478 US 714 (1986), shari'ar Kotun Koli ta Amurka ce da ta soke Dokar Gramm-Rudman – Hollings a matsayin kwace ikon zartarwa da Majalisar ta yi ba bisa ka'ida ba saboda doka ta ba Majalisa damar dakatar da Kwanturola Janar na Amurka saboda wasu takamammen dalilai, da suka hada da "rashin iya aiki, 'sakacin aiki,' ko 'malfeasance.'" Wanda ake tuhumar mai suna a karar ta farko shi ne Kwanturola Janar Charles Arthur Bowsher kuma dan majalisar Oklahoma Mike Synar ne ya gabatar da kalubalantar tsarin mulki.
Merrell Dow Pharmaceuticals Inc. v. Thompson: Merrell Dow Pharmaceuticals Inc. v. Thompson , 478 US 804 (1986), ya kasance hukuncin Kotun Koli na Amurka wanda ya shafi asalin ikon kotunan gundumar tarayya a karkashin 28 USC § 1331.
Kwamitin Kasuwancin Kasuwanci na Nan gaba v. Schor: Commodity Futures Futures Trading Commission v. Schor , 478 US 833 (1986), shari'a ce wacce Kotun Koli ta Amurka ta gudanar da wata hukumar gudanarwa na iya, a wasu halaye, ta ba da ikon kan kararrakin-doka.
Lambar yanki 478: Lambar yanki 478 lambar yanki ce ta tarho mai hidimar wani ɓangare na jihar Georgia, a cikin Amurka. Ya mamaye Macon da tsakiyar Georgia. Ya kasance wani ɓangare na lambar yanki 912. Sabuwar lambar yanki, tare da lambar yanki 229, ta fara aiki a cikin 2001 a cikin hanyar raba 3-way.
5th karni a Ireland: Abubuwan da suka faru daga ƙarni na 5 a ƙasar Ireland .
5th karni a shayari:
478th: 478th na iya koma zuwa: 478th Tsarin Jirgin Sama, reshe na Sojan Sama na Amurka wanda ya samo asali daga Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Ohio 478th Squadron Bombardment, rukunin Sojan Sama na Amurka ba ya aiki 478th Tactical Fighter Squadron, activeungiyar Sojan Sama ta Amurka ba ta aiki
478th Tsarin Jirgin Sama: Wing na 478 Aeronautical Systems Wing wani reshe ne mara aiki na Sojan Sama na Amurka wanda aka kafa shi na ƙarshe a Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Ohio, inda aka kashe shi a cikin 2009. An fara shirya reshen ne a matsayin Groupungiyar Mayaka ta 478 , wacce ta ɗan yi aiki a matsayin Sashi na hudu na horar da Sojojin Sama a shekarar 1944. An wargaza rukunin ne a lokacin da Sojojin Sama suka sake tsara sassan horonsu zuwa Rukunin AAF domin rage bukatun ma'aikata a Amurka.
Jerin kamfanonin jiragen sama na Sojojin Amurka: Wannan Jerin kamfanonin jiragen sama na Sojojin Amurka daga Reshen Jirgin Sama na Amurka.
Jerin kamfanonin jiragen sama na Sojojin Amurka: Wannan Jerin kamfanonin jiragen sama na Sojojin Amurka daga Reshen Jirgin Sama na Amurka.
Trainingungiyar Koyarwa ta 336: Trainingungiyar Horarwa ta 336 ita ce ƙungiyar horon tsira da yaƙi na Sojan Sama na Amurka. Theungiyar tana a filin jirgin sama na Fairchild Air Force, Washington, tare da ƙungiya guda ɗaya a tashar jiragen ruwa na Naval Pensacola, Florida, da kuma ɗaya a Eielson Air Force Base, Alaska.
478th actwararrun Fwararrun adungiyar: 8ungiyar 478th Tactical Fighter Squadron ƙungiya ce ta Sojan Sama ta Amurka da ba ta aiki. An sanya shi a ƙarshe zuwa Wing 31 na Tactical Fighter Wing kuma an kafa shi a Homestead AFB, Florida.
478th Tsarin Jirgin Sama: Wing na 478 Aeronautical Systems Wing wani reshe ne mara aiki na Sojan Sama na Amurka wanda aka kafa shi na ƙarshe a Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Ohio, inda aka kashe shi a cikin 2009. An fara shirya reshen ne a matsayin Groupungiyar Mayaka ta 478 , wacce ta ɗan yi aiki a matsayin Sashi na hudu na horar da Sojojin Sama a shekarar 1944. An wargaza rukunin ne a lokacin da Sojojin Sama suka sake tsara sassan horonsu zuwa Rukunin AAF domin rage bukatun ma'aikata a Amurka.
478th Tsarin Jirgin Sama: Wing na 478 Aeronautical Systems Wing wani reshe ne mara aiki na Sojan Sama na Amurka wanda aka kafa shi na ƙarshe a Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Ohio, inda aka kashe shi a cikin 2009. An fara shirya reshen ne a matsayin Groupungiyar Mayaka ta 478 , wacce ta ɗan yi aiki a matsayin Sashi na hudu na horar da Sojojin Sama a shekarar 1944. An wargaza rukunin ne a lokacin da Sojojin Sama suka sake tsara sassan horonsu zuwa Rukunin AAF domin rage bukatun ma'aikata a Amurka.
478th actwararrun Fwararrun adungiyar: 8ungiyar 478th Tactical Fighter Squadron ƙungiya ce ta Sojan Sama ta Amurka da ba ta aiki. An sanya shi a ƙarshe zuwa Wing 31 na Tactical Fighter Wing kuma an kafa shi a Homestead AFB, Florida.
479: Shekarar 479 ( CDLXXIX ) shekara ce gama gari wacce aka fara ranar Litinin a kalandar Julian. A lokacin, an san shi da Shekarar ulsarfafawa na Zeno ba tare da abokin aiki ba . An yi amfani da darikar 479 na wannan shekarar tun farkon zamanin da, lokacin da kalandar Anno Domini ta zama hanyar da ta yadu a Turai don sanya suna.
4790 Petrpravec: 4790 Petrpravec shine asalin asalin tauraron dan adam daga yankuna na tsakiya na bel din asteroid, kusan kilomita 16 a diamita. An gano shi a ranar 9 ga watan Agusta 1988, daga Ba'amurken masanin sararin samaniya Eleanor Helin a Palomar Observatory a Kalifoniya, sannan daga baya ya sanya wa Czech astronomer Petr Pravec.
Tsarin lokaci na zuwa nan gaba: Duk da cewa ba za a iya yin hasashen nan gaba da tabbaci ba, fahimtar da ake da ita a yanzu a fannoni daban-daban na kimiyya na ba da damar hango wasu abubuwan da za su faru a nan gaba, in dai a mafi fadi ne. Wadannan fannonin sun hada da ilimin taurari, wanda ya bayyana yadda taurari da taurari ke samuwa, da mu'amala, da mutuwa; kimiyyar lissafi, wanda ya bayyana yadda kwayar halitta ke aiki a mafi karancin sikeli; ilimin halittar rayuwa, wanda yake hasashen yadda rayuwa zata kasance akan lokaci; da plate tectonics, wanda ke nuna yadda nahiyoyin ke canzawa zuwa millennia.
4791 Iphidamas: 4791 Iphidamas itace Jupiter trojan daga sansanin Trojan, kusan kilomita 58 a diamita. An gano shi ne a ranar 14 ga Agusta 1988, ta wani Ba'amurke masanin tauraron dan adam Carolyn Shoemaker a Palomar Observatory a California. Duhun Jovian asteroid shine na 100 mafi girman Jupiter trojans kuma yana da lokacin juyawa na awanni 9.7. An lakafta shi ne bayan jarumin Trojan Iphidamas, daga tatsuniyar Girka.
4792 Lykaon: 4792 Lykaon dan wasan Jupiter ne mai duhu daga sansanin Trojan, kusan kilomita 51 a diamita. An gano shi a ranar 10 ga Satumba Satumba 1988, daga wani Ba-Amurke masanin ilimin sararin samaniya Carolyn Shoemaker a Palomar Observatory a California. Wataƙila mai tsawan Jovian asteroid na cikin manyan upan wasan Jupiter 100 kuma yana da tsawon juyi na awanni 40.1. An lakafta shi ne bayan yariman Trojan Lycaon daga almara na Girka.
Jerin kananan duniyoyi: 4001-5000:
Jerin kananan duniyoyi: 4001-5000:
Jerin kananan duniyoyi: 479001–480000:
Jerin kananan duniyoyi: 4001-5000:
Jerin kananan duniyoyi: 4001-5000:
4797 Ako: 4797 Ako , nadin na wucin gadi 1989 SJ , tauraron Nysian ne mai tsauri daga yankuna na ciki na bel din asteroid, kusan kilomita 5 a diamita. An gano shi ne a ranar 30 ga Satumba Satumba 1989, daga masanan Jannar Toshiro Nomura da Kōyō Kawanishi a Minami-Oda Observatory, Japan. An sanya sunan tauraron dan adam zuwa garin Akō na kasar Japan.
Jerin kananan duniyoyi: 4001-5000: