Blood compatibility testing, Acquired brain injury, Acquired C1 esterase inhibitor deficiency

Gwajin gwajin jini: Ana gudanar da gwajin jituwa ta jini a dakin gwaje-gwaje na likitanci don gano yiwuwar rashin daidaito tsakanin mutane 'da jinin mai ba da jini, wanda zai iya faruwa a ƙarin jini. Hakanan ana amfani dashi don tantancewa da hana wasu rikitarwa na ciki waɗanda zasu iya faruwa yayin da jaririn ya sami ƙungiyar jini daban da uwa. Gwajin jituwa tsakanin jini ya hada da buga jini , wanda ke gano antigens a kan jajayen jinin da ke tantance nau'in jinin mutum; gwaji don ƙwayoyin cuta da ba zato ba tsammani akan antigens na rukuni; kuma, game da ƙarin jini, haɗa plasma na mai karɓa tare da jajayen jinin mai bayarwa don gano rashin daidaito (ƙetare hanya). Rubuta jini na yau da kullun ya haɗa da ƙayyade nau'in ABO da RhD, kuma ya haɗa duka ganowar antigens na ABO akan ƙwayoyin jinin jini da kuma gano ƙwayoyin ABO a cikin jini. Sauran antigens na rukuni na jini za'a iya gwada su a cikin takamaiman yanayi na asibiti.
Samu raunin kwakwalwa: Raunin ƙwaƙwalwar da aka samu ( ABI ) lalacewar ƙwaƙwalwa ce da ke faruwa sakamakon abubuwan da suka faru bayan haihuwa, maimakon zama wani ɓangare na cututtukan ƙwayoyin cuta ko na haihuwa kamar su ciwon barasa na tayi, rashin lafiyar cikin ciki ko hypoxia na ciki. ABI na iya haifar da larurar hankali, ta jiki, ta motsin rai, ko ta ɗabi'a wacce ke haifar da canje-canje na dindindin ko na ɗan lokaci cikin aiki. Wadannan lalacewar suna haifar da ko dai raunin ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwa ko raunin rauni wanda ya samo asali daga tushe na ciki ko na waje. ABI ba ya haɗa da lalacewar kwakwalwa sakamakon cututtukan neurodegenerative.
Samun rashi mai hana ƙarancin C1: 1arancin hanawar C1 wanda aka samo yana gabatarwa tare da alamun bayyanar da baza'a iya rarrabe su ba daga angioedema, amma gabaɗaya tare da farawa bayan shekaru goma na rayuwa.
Ciwon hypoventilation na tsakiya: Ciwon hypoventilation na tsakiya ( CHS ) cuta ce mai nasaba da bacci wanda ke haifar da numfashi mai aiki, buɗewa, ko kamawar numfashi yayin bacci. CHS na iya zama na al'ada (CCHS) ko samu (ACHS) daga baya a rayuwa. Yanayin na iya zama na mutuwa idan ba a kula da shi ba. CCHS ya kasance sananne ne da la'anar Ondine.
Landau – Kleffner ciwo: Landau – Kleffner syndrome (LKS) - wanda ake kira da ƙarancin jarirai da suka samu aphasia , suka sami farfadiya aphasia ko aphasia tare da rikicewar rikice - rikice - rikice -rikice ne na yara.
Landau – Kleffner ciwo: Landau – Kleffner syndrome (LKS) - wanda ake kira da ƙarancin jarirai da suka samu aphasia , suka sami farfadiya aphasia ko aphasia tare da rikicewar rikice - rikice - rikice -rikice ne na yara.
HIV / AIDS: Cutar ƙwayar cuta ta rashin ƙarancin mutum da ƙwayar cuta ta rashin ƙarfi ( HIV / AIDS ) yanayin yanayi ne wanda ke haifar da kamuwa da ƙwayoyin cuta na ƙarancin ɗan adam (HIV), mai dawo da cutar. Bayan bin kamuwa da cuta na farko mutum bazai iya lura da wata alama ba, ko kuma zai iya fuskantar ɗan gajeren lokaci na kamuwa da mura kamar mura. Yawanci, wannan yana biyo bayan tsawan lokaci ba tare da alamun bayyanar ba. Idan kamuwa da cutar ta ci gaba, to ta fi tsangwama game da tsarin garkuwar jiki, da kara barazanar kamuwa da cututtukan gama gari kamar su tarin fuka, da sauran cututtukan dama, da ciwace-ciwacen da ba kasafai ake samun su ba ga mutanen da ke da aikin garkuwar jiki na yau da kullun. Wadannan alamun alamun kamuwa da cutar ana kiran su cutar rashin ƙarfi (AIDS). Har ila yau, wannan matakin ana alakanta shi da asarar nauyi da ba a zata.
HIV / AIDS: Cutar ƙwayar cuta ta rashin ƙarancin mutum da ƙwayar cuta ta rashin ƙarfi ( HIV / AIDS ) yanayin yanayi ne wanda ke haifar da kamuwa da ƙwayoyin cuta na ƙarancin ɗan adam (HIV), mai dawo da cutar. Bayan bin kamuwa da cuta na farko mutum bazai iya lura da wata alama ba, ko kuma zai iya fuskantar ɗan gajeren lokaci na kamuwa da mura kamar mura. Yawanci, wannan yana biyo bayan tsawan lokaci ba tare da alamun bayyanar ba. Idan kamuwa da cutar ta ci gaba, to ta fi tsangwama game da tsarin garkuwar jiki, da kara barazanar kamuwa da cututtukan gama gari kamar su tarin fuka, da sauran cututtukan dama, da ciwace-ciwacen da ba kasafai ake samun su ba ga mutanen da ke da aikin garkuwar jiki na yau da kullun. Wadannan alamun alamun kamuwa da cutar ana kiran su cutar rashin ƙarfi (AIDS). Har ila yau, wannan matakin ana alakanta shi da asarar nauyi da ba a zata.
Canja wurin Umarnin Ba da Umurnin 2001: Canjin Dokar Ba da Umarnin 2001/23 / EC doka ce ta Tarayyar Turai wacce ke kare kwangilar aikin mutane na aiki a cikin kasuwancin da aka sauya tsakanin masu su. Ya maye gurbin da sabunta dokar da aka sani a baya da theancin Hakkin Wanda Aka Sami 77/187 / EC.
Narcissism: Narcissism shine bin gamsuwa daga girman kai ko sha'awar girman kai game da ƙimar mutum da halayensa. Kalmar ta samo asali ne daga tatsuniyoyin Girka, inda wani saurayi mai suna Narcissus ya ƙaunaci kamanninsa wanda yake bayyana a cikin wani tafkin ruwa. Narcissism ko tsinkewar kai na cuta an fara gano shi a matsayin cuta a cikin 1898 ta Havelock Ellis kuma an bayyana shi a cikin samfuran ɗabi'a masu zuwa, misali a cikin Freud's On Narcissism (1914). A Amirka, tabin hankali Association ya jera a rarrabuwa narcissistic hali cuta a cikin bincike da kuma na ilimin kididdiga Manual da shafi tunanin mutum Cuta (DSM) tun 1968, jawo a kan tarihi da manufar megalomania.
Samu ɗanɗano: Wani ɗan ɗanɗano da aka samu sau da yawa yana nufin nuna godiya ga abinci ko abin sha wanda ba zai yiwu mutumin da ba shi da tasirinsa sosai ya more shi ba.
Delbert McClinton: Delbert McClinton ɗan dutsen blues ne na Amurka da wutan lantarki mai rairayi-mawaƙa, guitarist, harmonica player, and pianist.
Samu ɗanɗano: Wani ɗan ɗanɗano da aka samu sau da yawa yana nufin nuna godiya ga abinci ko abin sha wanda ba zai yiwu mutumin da ba shi da tasirinsa sosai ya more shi ba.
Samu ɗanɗano: Wani ɗan ɗanɗano da aka samu sau da yawa yana nufin nuna godiya ga abinci ko abin sha wanda ba zai yiwu mutumin da ba shi da tasirinsa sosai ya more shi ba.
Agranulocytosis: Agranulocytosis , wanda aka fi sani da agranulosis ko granulopenia , wani mummunan yanayi ne wanda ke tattare da leukopenia mai haɗari da haɗari, galibi na yawan ƙwayoyin cuta, don haka yana haifar da tsaka-tsakin cikin jini mai zagayawa. Rashin ƙarfi ne na ɗayan manyan rukunin ƙwayoyin jini masu yaƙi da kamuwa da cuta. Mutanen da ke da wannan yanayin suna cikin haɗarin haɗarin kamuwa da cuta mai tsanani saboda ƙarancin garkuwar jikinsu.
Rashin lafiya: Anonychia shine rashin yatsa- da / ko yatsan ƙafa , wani ɓacin rai, wanda ka iya zama sakamakon raunin yanayin mahaifa, ichthyosis, kamuwa da cuta mai tsanani, tsananin alaƙar haɗuwa da cututtukan fata, cutar kai, Raynaud sabon abu, lichen planus, epidermolysis bullosa, ko kuma tsananin cututtukan fidda kai.
Kwayoyin cuta na yau da kullun da marasa tsari: Kwayoyin cuta na yau da kullun da na yau da kullun sune manyan rukuni biyu na maganin rigakafi lokacin da aka tsara su daidai lokacin da abin da zai haifar da samar da kwayoyin.
Ruwan jini Ruwan Aplastic wata cuta ce wacce jiki ke kasa samar da ƙwayoyin jini a cikin adadi ƙwarai. Ana samar da ƙwayoyin jini a cikin ɓarin ƙashi da ƙwayoyin sel waɗanda ke zaune a can. Ruwan jini na Aplastic yana haifar da rashi na duka nau'ikan ƙwayoyin jini: jajayen ƙwayoyin jini, da fararen ƙwayoyin jini, da platelets.
Palmoplantar keratoderma: Palmoplantar keratodermas ƙungiya ce ta rikice-rikice daban-daban waɗanda ke da nasaba da ƙarancin dabino da tafin kafa.
Palmoplantar keratoderma: Palmoplantar keratodermas ƙungiya ce ta rikice-rikice daban-daban waɗanda ke da nasaba da ƙarancin dabino da tafin kafa.
Hori ta nevus: Hori's nevus yanayin cutane ne wanda yawancin launin ruwan kasa zuwa launin toka zuwa launin ruwan kasa-shuɗi, da farko a yankin fuska na fuska.
Samu raunin kwakwalwa: Raunin ƙwaƙwalwar da aka samu ( ABI ) lalacewar ƙwaƙwalwa ce da ke faruwa sakamakon abubuwan da suka faru bayan haihuwa, maimakon zama wani ɓangare na cututtukan ƙwayoyin cuta ko na haihuwa kamar su ciwon barasa na tayi, rashin lafiyar cikin ciki ko hypoxia na ciki. ABI na iya haifar da larurar hankali, ta jiki, ta motsin rai, ko ta ɗabi'a wacce ke haifar da canje-canje na dindindin ko na ɗan lokaci cikin aiki. Wadannan lalacewar suna haifar da ko dai raunin ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwa ko raunin rauni wanda ya samo asali daga tushe na ciki ko na waje. ABI ba ya haɗa da lalacewar kwakwalwa sakamakon cututtukan neurodegenerative.
Samu raunin kwakwalwa: Raunin ƙwaƙwalwar da aka samu ( ABI ) lalacewar ƙwaƙwalwa ce da ke faruwa sakamakon abubuwan da suka faru bayan haihuwa, maimakon zama wani ɓangare na cututtukan ƙwayoyin cuta ko na haihuwa kamar su ciwon barasa na tayi, rashin lafiyar cikin ciki ko hypoxia na ciki. ABI na iya haifar da larurar hankali, ta jiki, ta motsin rai, ko ta ɗabi'a wacce ke haifar da canje-canje na dindindin ko na ɗan lokaci cikin aiki. Wadannan lalacewar suna haifar da ko dai raunin ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwa ko raunin rauni wanda ya samo asali daga tushe na ciki ko na waje. ABI ba ya haɗa da lalacewar kwakwalwa sakamakon cututtukan neurodegenerative.
Ciwon hypoventilation na tsakiya: Ciwon hypoventilation na tsakiya ( CHS ) cuta ce mai nasaba da bacci wanda ke haifar da numfashi mai aiki, buɗewa, ko kamawar numfashi yayin bacci. CHS na iya zama na al'ada (CCHS) ko samu (ACHS) daga baya a rayuwa. Yanayin na iya zama na mutuwa idan ba a kula da shi ba. CCHS ya kasance sananne ne da la'anar Ondine.
Halin da aka samo: Halin da aka samu shine canji mara kyau a cikin aiki ko tsari na kwayar halitta mai rai da aka haifar bayan haihuwa ta hanyar cuta, rauni, haɗari, gyare-gyare da gangan, bambance-bambance, maimaita amfani, rashin amfani, rashin amfani, ko sauran tasirin muhalli. Halayen da aka samo suna daidai da halaye da aka samo. Ba a ba da su ga zuriyar ta hanyar haifuwa.
Lamarckism: Lamarckism , wanda aka fi sani da gadon Lamarckian ko sabon-Lamarckism , shine ra'ayi cewa kwayar halitta zata iya wucewa zuwa ga characteristicsa offspringan ta halaye na zahiri waɗanda kwayar mahaifa ta samu ta hanyar amfani ko rashin amfani yayin rayuwa. Hakanan ana kiranta gadon halaye da aka samu ko gado mai taushi na kwanan nan. Tunanin ya samo asali ne daga masanin kimiyyar dabbobi na Faransa Jean-Baptiste Lamarck (1744-1829), wanda ya shigar da ka`idar zamanin gargajiya ta gado mai laushi a cikin ka'idar juyin halitta a matsayin kari ga tunaninsa na ilimin halittar jini, hanyar kawo hadadden abu.
Afhasia: Aphasia rashin iya fahimta ne ko tsara harshe saboda lalacewar takamaiman yankuna kwakwalwa. Babban dalilan sune hatsarin jijiyoyin jijiyoyin jini (bugun jini) ko rauni na kai. Aphasia na iya kasancewa sakamakon ciwan ƙwaƙwalwa, cututtukan kwakwalwa, ko cututtukan neurodegenerative, amma ƙarshen ba su da yawa.
Miliaria: Miliaria , wanda kuma ake kira " zafin zufa ", cuta ce ta fata da aka yi wa alama ta ƙananan rassa kuma masu kaushi saboda gumin da ya rufe ƙurar fata ta hanyoyin da suka toshi. Miliaria cuta ce ta yau da kullun a cikin yanayin zafi da ɗumi, kamar a yankuna masu zafi da lokacin bazara. Kodayake yana shafar mutane na kowane zamani, ya zama ruwan dare musamman ga yara da jarirai saboda ƙarancin guminsu.
Ciwon ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar kut -esiku da ke ciki: Ciwon ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar cuta. An fi ganin shi a cikin mutanen da ke da cutar koda ta ƙarshe waɗanda ke da haɗarin haɗarin kamuwa da cututtukan koda da yawa (ACKD). Mutanen da suka kamu da cutar suna da kananan kodoji tare da cysts da dama kuma hadarin su na kwayar cutar sankara ta koda ta ninka sau 30 fiye da mutane ba tare da ACKD ba.
Ciwon ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar kut -esiku da ke ciki: Ciwon ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar cuta. An fi ganin shi a cikin mutanen da ke da cutar koda ta ƙarshe waɗanda ke da haɗarin haɗarin kamuwa da cututtukan koda da yawa (ACKD). Mutanen da suka kamu da cutar suna da kananan kodoji tare da cysts da dama kuma hadarin su na kwayar cutar sankara ta koda ta ninka sau 30 fiye da mutane ba tare da ACKD ba.
Blue nevus: Blue nevus nau'ikan nevus ne na melanocytic. Launin shudi yana haifar da launin mai zurfin fata fiye da na yau da kullun. A ka'ida basa cutarwa amma wasu lokuta ana iya kwaikwayonsu da munanan raunuka, ma'ana wasu melanomas na iya zama kamar shuɗin shuɗi.
Acral fibrokeratoma: Acral fibrokeratoma raunin fata ne wanda ke da launin ruwan hoda, hyperkeratotic, tsinkayen ƙaho da ke faruwa a yatsa, a ƙafa, ko na dabino.
Cuta: Cuta wani yanayi ne na rashin dacewa da ke shafar tsarin ko aikin duka ko ɓangaren kwayar halitta, kuma hakan ba ya faruwa ne saboda wata rauni ta waje nan take. Cututtuka galibi sanannu ne yanayin lafiya waɗanda ke haɗuwa da takamaiman alamu da alamomi. Wata cuta na iya haifar da abubuwa na waje kamar ƙwayoyin cuta ko ɓarna na ciki. Misali, tabarbarewar ciki na tsarin garkuwar jiki na iya haifar da cututtuka daban-daban, gami da nau'ikan rashin ƙoshin lafiya, yawan ji da kai, rashin lafiyar jiki da cututtukan ciki.
Alamar kasuwanci ta musamman: Bamban alamar kasuwanci alama ce mai mahimmanci a cikin dokar da ke kula da alamun kasuwanci da alamun sabis. Alamar kasuwanci na iya cancanta don rajista, ko kuma za a iya rajista , idan ta yi aikin alamar kasuwanci mai mahimmanci, kuma tana da halaye na musamman . Za a iya fahimtar rajista a matsayin ci gaba, tare da alamun "asali rarrabe" a ɗaya ƙarshen, alamun "jaka" da "siffatawa" ba tare da wata halayyar daban a ɗayan ƙarshen, kuma alamun "mai ba da shawara" da "rashin yarda" suna kwance tsakanin waɗannan maki biyu. Alamomin "Tsari" dole ne su sami rarrabe ta hanyar ma'ana ta biyu-masu amfani sun fahimci alamar a matsayin mai nuna alama - don zama abin kiyayewa. Ana amfani da sharuɗɗan "Generic" don komawa zuwa samfur ko sabis ɗin da kansa kuma ba za a iya amfani da shi azaman alamun kasuwanci ba.
Leukoplakia: Leukoplakia manne ne mai ɗauke a jikin membrane wanda yake haɗuwa da haɗarin cutar kansa. Yankunan cutar yawanci kwatsam kuma raunin yana canzawa tare da lokaci. Formsananan siffofin na iya haɓaka jan faci. Babu sauran alamun bayyanar. Yawanci yakan faru ne a cikin bakin, kodayake wani lokacin ana iya shafar murɗa cikin wasu sassan ɓangaren hanji, fitsari, ko al'aura.
Dyslexia: Dyslexia , wanda aka fi sani da rikicewar karatu , yana tattare da matsala tare da karatu duk da ƙwarewar al'ada. Mutane daban-daban sun shafi digiri daban-daban. Matsaloli na iya haɗawa da matsaloli a cikin rubutun kalmomi, karantawa da sauri, rubuta kalmomi, "fitar da sautuka" kalmomin a cikin kai, furta kalmomi yayin karantawa da kuma fahimtar abin da mutum ya karanta. Yawancin lokaci ana fara lura da waɗannan matsalolin a makaranta. Lokacin da wani wanda baya iya karatu ya rasa ikon sa, ana kiran sa da "alexia". Matsalolin ba na son rai ba ne kuma mutanen da ke wannan cuta suna da sha'awar al'ada su koya. Mutanen da ke fama da cutar dyslexia suna da yawan raunin rashin kulawa da hankali (ADHD), rikicewar yaren ci gaba, da matsaloli tare da lambobi.
Epidermolysis bullosa samu: Epidermolysis bullosa acquisita wata cuta ce mai saurin kamuwa da subepidermal mai alaƙa da autoimmunity don buga collagen VII a cikin anchoring tsarin fibril waɗanda suke a mahadar dermoepidermal.
Landau – Kleffner ciwo: Landau – Kleffner syndrome (LKS) - wanda ake kira da ƙarancin jarirai da suka samu aphasia , suka sami farfadiya aphasia ko aphasia tare da rikicewar rikice - rikice - rikice -rikice ne na yara.
Lamarckism: Lamarckism , wanda aka fi sani da gadon Lamarckian ko sabon-Lamarckism , shine ra'ayi cewa kwayar halitta zata iya wucewa zuwa ga characteristicsa offspringan ta halaye na zahiri waɗanda kwayar mahaifa ta samu ta hanyar amfani ko rashin amfani yayin rayuwa. Hakanan ana kiranta gadon halaye da aka samu ko gado mai taushi na kwanan nan. Tunanin ya samo asali ne daga masanin kimiyyar dabbobi na Faransa Jean-Baptiste Lamarck (1744-1829), wanda ya shigar da ka`idar zamanin gargajiya ta gado mai laushi a cikin ka'idar juyin halitta a matsayin kari ga tunaninsa na ilimin halittar jini, hanyar kawo hadadden abu.
Mai canzawa: Transgender mutane da jinsi ainihi ko jinsi magana cewa ya bambanta daga jima'i da cewa su aka sanya a haihuwa. Wasu mutane masu canza jinsi waɗanda ke son taimakon likita don canzawa daga jinsi ɗaya zuwa wani da aka gano a matsayin ɗan transsexual. Transgender , galibi ana taqaita shi azaman trans , shima kalmar laima ce; ban da hada da mutanen da asalin jinsinsu ya saba wa jinsin da aka sanya su, yana iya hadawa da mutanen da ba maza da mata ba. Sauran ma'anar transgender sun hada da mutanen da suke cikin jinsi na uku, ko kuma fahimtar da mutane transgender a matsayin jinsi na uku. Ana iya bayyana kalmar transgender a sarari sosai don haɗawa da masu sa tufafi.
Samu ilimin idiopathic gama gari anhidrosis: Anhidrosis na yau da kullun da aka samu ( AIGA ) yana da cikakkiyar rashi na gumi ba tare da wata cuta ta jiki da ta rashin aiki ba.
Hypertrichosis: Hypertrichosis wani mummunan abu ne na girman gashi akan jiki. Wadannan nau'ikan nau'ikan cututtukan hypertrichosis guda biyu sune hypertrichosis gama gari, wanda ke faruwa a kan dukkan jiki, da kuma hypertrichosis na gida, wanda aka iyakance shi zuwa wani yanki. Hypertrichosis na iya zama wata sanadin haihuwa ko samu daga baya a rayuwa. Yawan ciwan gashi yana faruwa a yankuna na fata banda gashin da ke dogara da inrogen na yankin masha'a, fuska, da yankuna axillary.
Samu cikakke lipodystrophy: Cikakken maganin lipodystrophy shine yanayin yanayin fata wanda yake bayyana yayin yarinta ko samartaka, wanda ke tattare da asarar mai mai shafar manyan ɓangarorin jiki, musamman fuska, hannaye, da ƙafafu. Akwai nau'ikan lipodystrophy guda 4 dangane da farkon sa da wuraren da abin ya shafa: samu ko gado, kuma gama gari ko bangaranci. Dukansu biyu da aka samo ko suka gaji lipodystrophy suna nan a matsayin asarar ƙwayoyin adipose. Asarar kusan-jimlar abu mai narkewar jiki ana kiranta lipodystrophy gama-gari yayin da asarar zabi na kyallen kitse ana nuna ta a matsayin lipodystrophy ta bangare. Don haka, kamar yadda sunan ya nuna, AGL rashin ƙarfi ne na cikakke na ƙwayoyin adipose a cikin jiki wanda ke haɓaka daga baya a rayuwa. Cutar ce wacce ba kasafai ake samun irinta ba wanda kusan mutane dari ne kawai aka ruwaito a duniya. Akwai manyan maganganu guda uku na AGL da ake zargi: autoimmune, panniculitis hade, ko idiopathic. Bayan kamuwarsa, cutar na ci gaba a cikin aan kwanaki, makonni, watanni, ko ma cikin shekaru. Gabatarwar asibiti na AGL suna kama da sauran lipodystrophies, gami da rikicewar rayuwa da hypoleptinemia. Magunguna suma suna da kama kuma suna bada goyan baya don sauƙaƙe alamun bayyanar. Kodayake kwayar cutar HIV ko kwayar cutar kwayar cutar kwayar cutar nau'ikan nau'ikan lipodystrophy ne da aka samu, asalinsa yana da takamaiman bayani kuma ya bambanta saboda haka yawanci ba a tattauna shi da AGL.
Maye gurbi: A ilmin halitta, maye gurbi canji ne a cikin jerin nucleotide na kwayar halittar kwayar halitta, kwayar cuta, ko DNA ta extrachromosomal. Kwayoyin halittar kwayar cuta sun hada da DNA ko RNA. Maye gurbi ya samo asali ne daga kurakurai yayin DNA ko kwayar cutar kwafi, mitosis, ko meiosis ko wasu nau'ikan lalacewa ga DNA, wanda daga nan zai iya fuskantar gyara mai saurin kuskure, haifar da kuskure yayin wasu nau'ikan gyaran, ko haifar da kuskure yayin rubanyawa. Hakanan maye gurbi na iya haifar da sanyawa ko gogewar sassan DNA saboda abubuwan kwayoyin halittar hannu.
Anemia hemolytic da aka samu: Ana iya raba cutar ƙarancin jini da aka samu a cikin sifofin rigakafin rigakafin jini da marasa kariya.
Anemia hemolytic da aka samu: Ana iya raba cutar ƙarancin jini da aka samu a cikin sifofin rigakafin rigakafin jini da marasa kariya.
Haemophilia da aka samu: Haemophilia da aka samo A (AHA) cuta ce mai saurin gaske amma mai yuwuwar barazanar rai wanda ke da alaƙa da autoantibodies da ke jagorantar maƙarƙashiyar factor VIII. Wadannan autoantibodies sune mafi yawanci masu hana yaduwa ba tare da wani matsala ba kuma suna iya haifar da zubar jini ba tare da wani jinkiri ba tare da wani tarihin rashin lafiya na baya ba.
Anemia hemolytic da aka samu: Ana iya raba cutar ƙarancin jini da aka samu a cikin sifofin rigakafin rigakafin jini da marasa kariya.
SAPHO ciwo: Cutar SAPHO ta haɗa da nau'ikan cututtukan ƙasusuwa masu kumburi waɗanda ke iya alaƙa da canjin fata. Wadannan cututtukan suna raba wasu halayen asibiti, na rediyo, da na cuta.
Hypertrichosis: Hypertrichosis wani mummunan abu ne na girman gashi akan jiki. Wadannan nau'ikan nau'ikan cututtukan hypertrichosis guda biyu sune hypertrichosis gama gari, wanda ke faruwa a kan dukkan jiki, da kuma hypertrichosis na gida, wanda aka iyakance shi zuwa wani yanki. Hypertrichosis na iya zama wata sanadin haihuwa ko samu daga baya a rayuwa. Yawan ciwan gashi yana faruwa a yankuna na fata banda gashin da ke dogara da inrogen na yankin masha'a, fuska, da yankuna axillary.
Variablearancin rashin daidaito na yau da kullun: Variablearancin rashin daidaito na yau da kullun ( CVID ) cuta ce ta rigakafi da ke alaƙa da cututtuka da yawa da ƙananan matakan antibody, musamman a cikin nau'o'in immunoglobulin (Ig) IgG, IgM da IgA. Gabaɗaya alamun cutar sun haɗa da saurin kamuwa ga maharan ƙasashen waje, cututtukan huhu na yau da kullun, da kumburi da kamuwa da cututtukan ciki. Koyaya, bayyanar cututtuka sun bambanta sosai tsakanin mutane. "Mai canzawa" yana nufin bayyananniyar asibiti bayyanannu na wannan cuta, wanda ya haɗa da maimaita cututtukan ƙwayoyin cuta, haɗarin kamuwa da cututtukan autoimmune da lymphoma, da kuma cututtukan ciki. CVID cuta ce ta rayuwa duka.
Ichthyosis samu: Ichthyosis acquisita cuta ce ta asibiti kuma tarihi yayi kama da ichthyosis vulgaris.
Samu ilimin idiopathic gama gari anhidrosis: Anhidrosis na yau da kullun da aka samu ( AIGA ) yana da cikakkiyar rashi na gumi ba tare da wata cuta ta jiki da ta rashin aiki ba.
HIV / AIDS: Cutar ƙwayar cuta ta rashin ƙarancin mutum da ƙwayar cuta ta rashin ƙarfi ( HIV / AIDS ) yanayin yanayi ne wanda ke haifar da kamuwa da ƙwayoyin cuta na ƙarancin ɗan adam (HIV), mai dawo da cutar. Bayan bin kamuwa da cuta na farko mutum bazai iya lura da wata alama ba, ko kuma zai iya fuskantar ɗan gajeren lokaci na kamuwa da mura kamar mura. Yawanci, wannan yana biyo bayan tsawan lokaci ba tare da alamun bayyanar ba. Idan kamuwa da cutar ta ci gaba, to ta fi tsangwama game da tsarin garkuwar jiki, da kara barazanar kamuwa da cututtukan gama gari kamar su tarin fuka, da sauran cututtukan dama, da ciwace-ciwacen da ba kasafai ake samun su ba ga mutanen da ke da aikin garkuwar jiki na yau da kullun. Wadannan alamun alamun kamuwa da cutar ana kiran su cutar rashin ƙarfi (AIDS). Har ila yau, wannan matakin ana alakanta shi da asarar nauyi da ba a zata.
HIV / AIDS: Cutar ƙwayar cuta ta rashin ƙarancin mutum da ƙwayar cuta ta rashin ƙarfi ( HIV / AIDS ) yanayin yanayi ne wanda ke haifar da kamuwa da ƙwayoyin cuta na ƙarancin ɗan adam (HIV), mai dawo da cutar. Bayan bin kamuwa da cuta na farko mutum bazai iya lura da wata alama ba, ko kuma zai iya fuskantar ɗan gajeren lokaci na kamuwa da mura kamar mura. Yawanci, wannan yana biyo bayan tsawan lokaci ba tare da alamun bayyanar ba. Idan kamuwa da cutar ta ci gaba, to ta fi tsangwama game da tsarin garkuwar jiki, da kara barazanar kamuwa da cututtukan gama gari kamar su tarin fuka, da sauran cututtukan dama, da ciwace-ciwacen da ba kasafai ake samun su ba ga mutanen da ke da aikin garkuwar jiki na yau da kullun. Wadannan alamun alamun kamuwa da cutar ana kiran su cutar rashin ƙarfi (AIDS). Har ila yau, wannan matakin ana alakanta shi da asarar nauyi da ba a zata.
Tsarin rigakafi mai dacewa: Tsarin rigakafi na daidaitawa , wanda ake kira da tsarin rigakafin da aka samu , wani tsari ne na tsarin garkuwar jiki wanda ya kunshi na musamman, kwayoyin tsarin da kuma hanyoyin da ke kawar da cuta ta hanyar hana ci gaban su. Tsarin rigakafin da aka samu shine ɗayan manyan dabarun rigakafi guda biyu waɗanda ake samu a cikin ƙananan dabbobi.
Tsarin rigakafi mai dacewa: Tsarin rigakafi na daidaitawa , wanda ake kira da tsarin rigakafin da aka samu , wani tsari ne na tsarin garkuwar jiki wanda ya kunshi na musamman, kwayoyin tsarin da kuma hanyoyin da ke kawar da cuta ta hanyar hana ci gaban su. Tsarin rigakafin da aka samu shine ɗayan manyan dabarun rigakafi guda biyu waɗanda ake samu a cikin ƙananan dabbobi.
Rashin haƙuri: Haƙuri na rigakafi , ko haƙuri na rigakafi , ko rigakafi , yanayi ne na rashin karɓar tsarin garkuwar jiki zuwa abubuwa ko tsoffin da ke da ikon haifar da martani na rigakafi a cikin kwayar da aka bayar. Ana haifar da shi ta hanyar fallasa shi zuwa wancan takamaiman antigen kuma ya bambanta tare da al'adun gargajiya na kawar da antigens na kasashen waje. Haƙuri an kasafta shi a cikin haƙuri na tsakiya ko haƙuri ta gefe dangane da inda asalin jihar ke haifar da shi - a cikin kumburin hanji da ƙashi (tsakiya) ko kuma a cikin wasu kayan kyallen takarda da ƙwayoyin lymph. Hanyoyin da aka kafa waɗannan nau'ikan haƙƙin haƙƙin sun bambanta, amma sakamakon da aka samu yana kama da su.
Tsarin rigakafi mai dacewa: Tsarin rigakafi na daidaitawa , wanda ake kira da tsarin rigakafin da aka samu , wani tsari ne na tsarin garkuwar jiki wanda ya kunshi na musamman, kwayoyin tsarin da kuma hanyoyin da ke kawar da cuta ta hanyar hana ci gaban su. Tsarin rigakafin da aka samu shine ɗayan manyan dabarun rigakafi guda biyu waɗanda ake samu a cikin ƙananan dabbobi.
Rashin ƙwarewa: Rashin ƙarancin rigakafi, wanda aka fi sani da immunocompromisation , jiha ce wacce thearfafa garkuwar jiki ke yaƙi da cututtukan da ke kamuwa da ita da kuma cutar kansa yana fuskantar rauni ko kuma baya nan gaba ɗaya. Yawancin lokuta ana samun su ("sakandare") saboda wasu abubuwa na waje waɗanda ke shafar garkuwar jikin mai haƙuri. Misalan wadannan abubuwa na waje sun hada da kamuwa da kwayar HIV da abubuwan da suka shafi muhalli, kamar abinci mai gina jiki. Immunocompromisation na iya kasancewa saboda cututtukan kwayoyin halitta / nakasa. Misali a nan shine SCID.
Rashin ƙwarewa: Rashin ƙarancin rigakafi, wanda aka fi sani da immunocompromisation , jiha ce wacce thearfafa garkuwar jiki ke yaƙi da cututtukan da ke kamuwa da ita da kuma cutar kansa yana fuskantar rauni ko kuma baya nan gaba ɗaya. Yawancin lokuta ana samun su ("sakandare") saboda wasu abubuwa na waje waɗanda ke shafar garkuwar jikin mai haƙuri. Misalan wadannan abubuwa na waje sun hada da kamuwa da kwayar HIV da abubuwan da suka shafi muhalli, kamar abinci mai gina jiki. Immunocompromisation na iya kasancewa saboda cututtukan kwayoyin halitta / nakasa. Misali a nan shine SCID.
HIV / AIDS: Cutar ƙwayar cuta ta rashin ƙarancin mutum da ƙwayar cuta ta rashin ƙarfi ( HIV / AIDS ) yanayin yanayi ne wanda ke haifar da kamuwa da ƙwayoyin cuta na ƙarancin ɗan adam (HIV), mai dawo da cutar. Bayan bin kamuwa da cuta na farko mutum bazai iya lura da wata alama ba, ko kuma zai iya fuskantar ɗan gajeren lokaci na kamuwa da mura kamar mura. Yawanci, wannan yana biyo bayan tsawan lokaci ba tare da alamun bayyanar ba. Idan kamuwa da cutar ta ci gaba, to ta fi tsangwama game da tsarin garkuwar jiki, da kara barazanar kamuwa da cututtukan gama gari kamar su tarin fuka, da sauran cututtukan dama, da ciwace-ciwacen da ba kasafai ake samun su ba ga mutanen da ke da aikin garkuwar jiki na yau da kullun. Wadannan alamun alamun kamuwa da cutar ana kiran su cutar rashin ƙarfi (AIDS). Har ila yau, wannan matakin ana alakanta shi da asarar nauyi da ba a zata.
Rashin haƙuri: Haƙuri na rigakafi , ko haƙuri na rigakafi , ko rigakafi , yanayi ne na rashin karɓar tsarin garkuwar jiki zuwa abubuwa ko tsoffin da ke da ikon haifar da martani na rigakafi a cikin kwayar da aka bayar. Ana haifar da shi ta hanyar fallasa shi zuwa wancan takamaiman antigen kuma ya bambanta tare da al'adun gargajiya na kawar da antigens na kasashen waje. Haƙuri an kasafta shi a cikin haƙuri na tsakiya ko haƙuri ta gefe dangane da inda asalin jihar ke haifar da shi - a cikin kumburin hanji da ƙashi (tsakiya) ko kuma a cikin wasu kayan kyallen takarda da ƙwayoyin lymph. Hanyoyin da aka kafa waɗannan nau'ikan haƙƙin haƙƙin sun bambanta, amma sakamakon da aka samu yana kama da su.
Keratoderma: Keratoderma yanayin fata ne mai kama da ƙaho.
Palmoplantar keratoderma: Palmoplantar keratodermas ƙungiya ce ta rikice-rikice daban-daban waɗanda ke da nasaba da ƙarancin dabino da tafin kafa.
Keratosis follicularis: Keratosis follicularis na iya koma zuwa: Cutar Darier Maganin palmoplantar keratoderma tare da hyperkeratosis na mucosal
Tarayyar kasa: Federalasar Tarayya filaye ne a cikin Amurka mallakar gwamnatin tarayya. Dangane da Kundin Tsarin Mulki na Tsarin Mulki na Amurka, Majalisa na da ikon riƙewa, saya, sayarwa, da daidaita ƙasashen tarayya, kamar ta iyakance kiwo a kansu. An yarda da waɗannan ikon a cikin dogon hukuncin Kotun Koli na Amurka.
Samu yare: Yaren da aka samo na iya koma zuwa: Samun yare, hanya ce ta samun yare Yare na biyu, yare ne da ake koya bayan yaren asali Samun yare na biyu, hanyar samun yare na biyu
Hanyar haɓaka melanocytic nevus: Hanyar haihuwa melanocytic nevus wani nau'in melanocytic nevus ne wanda ake samu a jarirai yayin haihuwa. Wannan nau'in alamar haihuwa yana faruwa a cikin kimanin kashi 1% na jarirai a duk duniya; yana cikin yankin kai da wuya 15% na lokacin.
Melanocytic nevus: Nevus na melanocytic wani nau'in ciwan melanocytic ne wanda ya ƙunshi ƙwayoyin nevus. Wasu kafofin suna kamanta kalmar tawadar Allah da "melanocytic nevus", amma kuma akwai wasu hanyoyin da suke kamanta kalmar tawadar da kowane irin nau'in yanayi.
Samu neuroprotection: Samun neuroprotection da aka samo shine sifa ne wanda ya dogara da aiki a tsarin juyayi wanda ke bawa ƙananan jijiyoyi juriya ga yanayin cutarwa. Hilmar Bading ne ya kirkiro kalmar. Wannan haɓakar dogaro da aikin rayuwar salula yana buƙatar canje-canje a cikin maganganun kwayar halitta wanda aikin neuronal da siginar alli na nukiliya suka haifar. A cikin kwayoyi, abubuwanda aka tsara na kwayar halittar kwayar halitta suna iya rage lalacewar kwakwalwa sakamakon aiki kama-kama ko bugun jini. A cikin cututtukan cututtukan neurodegenerative, cututtukan lamura masu mahimmanci don ƙarancin neuroprotection suna haɓaka da siginar mai karɓar mai karɓa na NMDA wanda ke haifar da ƙarancin rauni, asarar tsarin mutunci, da nakasawar bioenergetics.
Melanocytic nevus: Nevus na melanocytic wani nau'in ciwan melanocytic ne wanda ya ƙunshi ƙwayoyin nevus. Wasu kafofin suna kamanta kalmar tawadar Allah da "melanocytic nevus", amma kuma akwai wasu hanyoyin da suke kamanta kalmar tawadar da kowane irin nau'in yanayi.
Myopathy wanda ba shi da kumburi ya samo: Myopathy da ba shi da kumburi (ANIM) cuta ce ta jijiyoyin jiki da farko ke shafar tsoka mai ƙashi, galibi a cikin ɓangarorin mutane, wanda ke haifar da rauni ko rashin aiki a cikin tsoka. Myopathy yana nufin matsala ko rashin daidaituwa tare da myofibrils, wanda ke haɗa ƙwayar tsoka. Gabaɗaya, myopathies marasa kumburi rukuni ne na cututtukan tsoka wanda ba a haifar da hanyar mai kumburi kan hanyar kai tsaye. Wadannan cututtukan na jijiyoyin jiki galibi suna tasowa ne daga wata cuta a cikin tsoka da kanta maimakon jijiyoyin da ke shigar da wannan ƙwayar. ANIM tana da abubuwa da yawa wadanda suka hada da kwayoyi da gubobi, rashin daidaito na abinci mai gina jiki, raunin aiki na rayuwa kamar nakasar da aka samu a tsarin gina jiki, da cututtuka.
Barraquer – Simons ciwo: Barraquer – Simons ciwo wani nau'i ne na lipodystrophy, wanda yawanci yakan fara shafar kai ne, sannan kuma ya bazu zuwa ga kirji. An sanya shi ne don Luis Barraquer Roviralta (1855-1928), likitan Spain, da Arthur Simons (1879-1942), wani likita Bajamushe. Wasu shaidu sun danganta shi zuwa LMNB2 .
Pendular nystagmus: Pendular nystagmus is a sinusoidal oscillation, wanda ke ishara zuwa raƙuman motsi na motsin ido ba da son rai ba wanda ka iya faruwa ta kowace hanya. Yana tattare ne da saurin jujjuyawar ido na idanuwa tare da saurin daidai a kowane kwatancen wanda yayi kama da yanayin abin tafiya. Wadannan samfurin waɗannan ƙungiyoyi na iya bambanta tsakanin idanu biyu. Dogaro da tsarin motsawa, pendular nystagmus ya kasu kashi daban-daban kamar su nystagmus na haihuwa, nitsagmus na pendular, da amaurotic nystagmus.
Samun lalacewar lalacewa: Cutar da aka samu ta hanyar lalacewar jiki ta asibiti da kuma tarihi na kama da perforating folliculitis, wanda kuma yake da alaƙa da gazawar koda, tare da ko ba tare da hemodialysis ko dialysis na hanji ba, da / ko ciwon sikari, amma ba daidai yake da cutar Kyrle ba.
Samun lalacewar lalacewa: Cutar da aka samu ta hanyar lalacewar jiki ta asibiti da kuma tarihi na kama da perforating folliculitis, wanda kuma yake da alaƙa da gazawar koda, tare da ko ba tare da hemodialysis ko dialysis na hanji ba, da / ko ciwon sikari, amma ba daidai yake da cutar Kyrle ba.
Acral fibrokeratoma: Acral fibrokeratoma raunin fata ne wanda ke da launin ruwan hoda, hyperkeratotic, tsinkayen ƙaho da ke faruwa a yatsa, a ƙafa, ko na dabino.
Keratoderma climactericum: Keratoderma climactericum yanayin fata ne wanda ke nuna hyperkeratosis na tafin hannu da tafin kafa yana farawa a kusan lokacin yin al'ada.
Poliosis: Cutar shan inna , wanda ake kira poliosis circumscripta , shine raguwa ko rashin melanin a gashin kai, gira, gashin ido ko wani yanki mai gashi. An san shi da farin goshi lokacin da yake shafar gashi kai tsaye saman goshin.
Kinking gashi: Gwanin kinken , ko samun kinking na ci gaba , yanayin fata ne da aka sake sanya shi a cikin maza masu jinkirin haihuwa tare da androgenetic alopecia, gabatarwa tare da juyawa a hankali da kuma duhun gaban gaba, na lokaci, auricular, da ƙyamar gashi wanda, a ƙarƙashin microscope, nuna kinks da juyawa tare da ko ba tare da dogon tsagi ba.
Samu lymphangioma mai ci gaba: Samun cigaban lymphangioma wani rukuni ne na lymphangiomas wanda ke faruwa a ko'ina a cikin samari, suna girma a hankali, kuma suna gabatar da su azaman rauni irin na rauni ko maƙalar erythematous.
Pure ja cell aplasia: Plasia mai tsarkakakken jini ( PRCA ) ko erythroblastopenia na nufin wani nau'in cutar karancin jini da ke shafar magabata zuwa jinin ja amma ba fararen ƙwayoyin jini ba. A cikin PRCA, bargon kashin ya daina samar da jajayen kwayoyin jini. Akwai maganganu da yawa waɗanda zasu iya haifar da PRCA. Paul Kaznelson ne ya fara bayyana yanayin a cikin 1922.
Tsarin rigakafi mai dacewa: Tsarin rigakafi na daidaitawa , wanda ake kira da tsarin rigakafin da aka samu , wani tsari ne na tsarin garkuwar jiki wanda ya kunshi na musamman, kwayoyin tsarin da kuma hanyoyin da ke kawar da cuta ta hanyar hana ci gaban su. Tsarin rigakafin da aka samu shine ɗayan manyan dabarun rigakafi guda biyu waɗanda ake samu a cikin ƙananan dabbobi.
Narcissism: Narcissism shine bin gamsuwa daga girman kai ko sha'awar girman kai game da ƙimar mutum da halayensa. Kalmar ta samo asali ne daga tatsuniyoyin Girka, inda wani saurayi mai suna Narcissus ya ƙaunaci kamanninsa wanda yake bayyana a cikin wani tafkin ruwa. Narcissism ko tsinkewar kai na cuta an fara gano shi a matsayin cuta a cikin 1898 ta Havelock Ellis kuma an bayyana shi a cikin samfuran ɗabi'a masu zuwa, misali a cikin Freud's On Narcissism (1914). A Amirka, tabin hankali Association ya jera a rarrabuwa narcissistic hali cuta a cikin bincike da kuma na ilimin kididdiga Manual da shafi tunanin mutum Cuta (DSM) tun 1968, jawo a kan tarihi da manufar megalomania.
Syphilis: Syphilis cuta ce da ake yadawa ta jima'i ta hanyar kwayar cuta ta kwayar cuta ta Treponema pallidum subspecies pallidum . Alamomi da alamomin kamuwa da cuta na syphilis sun bambanta dangane da wanne daga matakai huɗu da yake gabatarwa. Matsayi na farko yana gabatarwa tare da chancre guda ɗaya kodayake za'a iya samun raunuka da yawa. A syphilis na biyu, yaduwa na yaduwa yana faruwa, wanda akai-akai ya shafi tafin hannu da tafin ƙafa. Hakanan za'a iya samun ciwo a cikin bakin ko farji. A cikin ɓacin rai na syphilis, wanda zai iya ɗaukar shekara da shekaru, akwai alamun kaɗan ko babu. A cikin manyan cututtukan syphilis, akwai gummas, matsalolin jijiyoyi, ko alamun zuciya. Syphilis an san shi da "babban mai kwaikwayi" saboda yana iya haifar da alamomi kwatankwacin sauran cututtuka da yawa.
Samu dandano: Wani dandano da aka samu shine nuna godiya ga wani abu da mutumin da ba shi da cikakken tasiri game da shi zai more shi. Kishiyar dandano ne na asali, wanda shine godiya ga abubuwan da yawancin mutane ke jin daɗinsu ba tare da fallasa su ba.
Samu dandano: Wani dandano da aka samu shine nuna godiya ga wani abu da mutumin da ba shi da cikakken tasiri game da shi zai more shi. Kishiyar dandano ne na asali, wanda shine godiya ga abubuwan da yawancin mutane ke jin daɗinsu ba tare da fallasa su ba.
Tufted angioma: Tufut angioma yawanci yana tasowa tun yana jariri ko yarinta a wuya da babban akwati, kuma ba shi da cikakkiyar ma'ana, mara laushi jale mai kyallen fuska , ya bambanta daga 2 zuwa 5 cm a diamita.
Saukewa daga makanta: Warkewa daga makanta al'amari ne na makaho wanda yake samun ikon gani, yawanci sakamakon magani. A matsayin gwaji na tunani, yawanci ana kiran lamarin a matsayin matsalar Molyneux . An gabatar da shari'ar mutum ta farko da aka buga a cikin 1728 daga likitan likita William Cheselden. Marasa lafiya waɗanda ke fuskantar murmurewa mai girma daga makanta suna da mahimmanci zuwa jimlar rashin lafiya, suna da rikicewar rikicewa tare da fahimtar gani.
Von Willebrand cuta: Cutar Von Willebrand ( VWD ) ita ce cuta mafi ƙazantar lalacewar jini tsakanin mutane. Wani fom da aka samu na iya zama wani lokaci sakamakon wasu yanayin kiwon lafiya. Ya samo asali ne daga rashi a cikin inganci ko yawaitar kayan aikin W Wonbrand (VWF), furotin da ake buƙata da yawa wanda ake buƙata don ɗaukar platelet. An san shi yana shafar nau'in karnuka da mutane. Hanyoyin VWD guda uku sune na gado, samu, da kuma na ƙarya ko na platelet. Nau'in VWD na gado sune nau'ikan VWD 1, VWD na 2, da nau'in VWD 3. Nau'in 2 yana dauke da nau'ikan subtypes daban-daban. Nau'in platelet VWD shima yanayin gado ne.
Samun banki: Banki mai karɓar kuɗi shine banki ko ma'aikatar kuɗi waɗanda ke aiwatar da biyan kuɗi ko katin kuɗi a madadin ɗan kasuwa. Mai siye ya ba yan kasuwa damar karɓar kuɗin katin kuɗi daga bankunan da ke ba da katin a cikin ƙungiya. Kungiyoyin katinan da akafi sani (Visa) sune Visa, MasterCard, Discover, China UnionPay, American Express, Diners Club, Japan Credit Bureau da Indian Rupay.
Samun banki: Banki mai karɓar kuɗi shine banki ko ma'aikatar kuɗi waɗanda ke aiwatar da biyan kuɗi ko katin kuɗi a madadin ɗan kasuwa. Mai siye ya ba yan kasuwa damar karɓar kuɗin katin kuɗi daga bankunan da ke ba da katin a cikin ƙungiya. Kungiyoyin katinan da akafi sani (Visa) sune Visa, MasterCard, Discover, China UnionPay, American Express, Diners Club, Japan Credit Bureau da Indian Rupay.
Samun banki: Banki mai karɓar kuɗi shine banki ko ma'aikatar kuɗi waɗanda ke aiwatar da biyan kuɗi ko katin kuɗi a madadin ɗan kasuwa. Mai siye ya ba yan kasuwa damar karɓar kuɗin katin kuɗi daga bankunan da ke ba da katin a cikin ƙungiya. Kungiyoyin katinan da akafi sani (Visa) sune Visa, MasterCard, Discover, China UnionPay, American Express, Diners Club, Japan Credit Bureau da Indian Rupay.
Editan kwamishina: A cikin wallafe-wallafen littafi, editan kwamishina shine mai siye. Aikin edita ne na ba da shawara ga gidan buga littattafai kan littattafan da za a buga su. Yawancin lokaci ainihin yanke shawara na ko kwangila wani littafi yana hannun babban manajan maimakon edita. Wasu mujallu ma suna amfani da editoci masu ba da izini.
Epistemology: Epistemology reshe ne na falsafar da ta shafi ilimi. Masana ilimin Epistemologists suna nazarin yanayi, asali, da kuma iyakokin ilimin, baratakar epistemic, ma'anar imanin, da batutuwa masu alaƙa da dama. Epistemology ana ɗaukarsa ɗayan manyan rassa huɗu na falsafa, tare da ɗabi'a, dabaru, da ilimin lissafi.
Samun Tasanɗano: Samun teanɗano shi ne kundin waƙoƙi na biyu na rukunin rukunin ci gaban dutsen Ingilishi mai suna Gentle Giant, wanda aka fitar a cikin 1971. Shi ne faifan ƙarshe na ƙarshe da ƙungiyar ta yi don nuna fasalin asalin Martin Smith.
Samun Tasanɗano: Samun teanɗano shi ne kundin waƙoƙi na biyu na rukunin rukunin ci gaban dutsen Ingilishi mai suna Gentle Giant, wanda aka fitar a cikin 1971. Shi ne faifan ƙarshe na ƙarshe da ƙungiyar ta yi don nuna fasalin asalin Martin Smith.
Acquis communautaire: Samun kuɗaɗen Communityungiya ko karɓar ɗan kwastomomi , wani lokacin ana kiransa mallakar EU kuma galibi ana taƙaita shi don mallaka , shi ne tarin dokoki, ayyukan shari'a, da yanke hukuncin kotu waɗanda suka kasance ƙungiyar dokar Tarayyar Turai. Kalmar ita ce Faransanci: acquis ma'ana "abin da aka samo ko aka samu", kuma communautaire ma'ana "na al'umma".
Acquis communautaire: Samun kuɗaɗen Communityungiya ko karɓar ɗan kwastomomi , wani lokacin ana kiransa mallakar EU kuma galibi ana taƙaita shi don mallaka , shi ne tarin dokoki, ayyukan shari'a, da yanke hukuncin kotu waɗanda suka kasance ƙungiyar dokar Tarayyar Turai. Kalmar ita ce Faransanci: acquis ma'ana "abin da aka samo ko aka samu", kuma communautaire ma'ana "na al'umma".
Acquis communautaire: Samun kuɗaɗen Communityungiya ko karɓar ɗan kwastomomi , wani lokacin ana kiransa mallakar EU kuma galibi ana taƙaita shi don mallaka , shi ne tarin dokoki, ayyukan shari'a, da yanke hukuncin kotu waɗanda suka kasance ƙungiyar dokar Tarayyar Turai. Kalmar ita ce Faransanci: acquis ma'ana "abin da aka samo ko aka samu", kuma communautaire ma'ana "na al'umma".
Samu: Samun na iya koma zuwa: Takeover, siyan kamfanin ɗaya ta wani Haɗuwa da kayayyaki, ma'amaloli wanda ikon mallakar kamfanoni ko ƙungiyoyin ayyukansu an canza su ko ƙarfafa su tare da wasu abubuwan. Siyarwa, nema, yarda da sharuɗɗa da samo kayayyaki, sabis ko ayyuka daga asalin waje Sauraren karatu, sashen ɗakin karatu da ke da alhakin zaɓi da siyan kayan aiki Samun soja, hanyar neman samfuran kare ƙasa Samun banki, banki ko ma'aikatar kuɗi da ke aiwatar da biyan kuɗi ko katin kuɗi a madadin ɗan kasuwa Saye, tsari wanda Gwamnatin Tarayyar Amurka ke mallakar kayayyaki, sabis, da buƙatun ƙasa na ainihi Samun, ƙirƙirar faifan hoto don amfani dashi a cikin ilimin binciken dijital Samu (ilimin harshe), tsari ne wanda ɗan adam ke samun ƙarfin fahimta da fahimtar harshe Samu (ilimin halin dan Adam), ilmantarwa Matakan saye-saye, lokacin da amsa mai sharaɗi ya fara bayyana da kuma lokacin da ya ƙaruwa cikin mita Samun
Samun, Fasaha & Kamfanin Lantarki: Kamfanin Samun, Fasaha & Kayan aiki wata hukuma ce da aka kafa a karkashin Ma'aikatar Tsaro wacce ke kula da gudanar da ayyuka, gudanar da kere-kere, bincike da ci gaba, da kuma sayan kayayyakin kariya ga Sojojin Kare Jafan. Ana kuma ganin kirkirar ATLA a matsayin wani bangare na manufofin tsaron Firayim Minista Shinzō Abe don karfafa sojoji ta hanyar inganta da sake fasalin masana'antar tsaron Japan da sayen kayan aiki.
Bayanin shigarwa: Tsinkayen shigar da bayanai , wanda kuma aka fi sani da tsarin saka idanu , rukuni ne na zantuka guda biyar na mallakar harshe na biyu wanda masanin ilimin harshe Stephen Krashen ya haɓaka a cikin shekarun 1970s da 1980s. Krashen asali ya kirkiri tunanin shigar da bayanai ne a matsayin daya daga cikin zantuka guda biyar, amma lokaci yayi da kalmar zata koma ga maganganun guda biyar a matsayin kungiya. Maganganun sune zantuka na shigarwa, zato-ilimin koyon karatu, zato na saka idanu, tsinkayen tsari na halitta da zance mai tasiri. Bayanin shigarwar an fara buga shi a cikin 1977.
Samu (Star Trek: ciniki): " Samun " shine kashi na goma sha tara na farkon lokacin silsilar talabijin na almara na Amurka mai suna Star Trek: Kasuwancin da aka fara gabatar dashi a ranar 27 ga Maris, 2002, akan UPN. A episode aka ci gaba a cikin wani teleplay by Maria da kuma Andre Jacquemetton daga wani labarin ta Rick Berman, kuma Brannon Braga ta Portugal, kuma aka directed by James Whitmore, Jr .. Sa a 22nd karni, cikin jerin bi Kasadar na farko Starfleet starship, Shirin , rajista NX-01. A wannan episode, wani rukuni na interstellar dan hanya barayi buga fitar da ciniki ƙungiya da za a fara looting jirgin. Kwamanda Charles "Tafiya" Tucker III shi kaɗai ne ya rage ya dakatar da su.
Samu (Star Trek: ciniki): " Samun " shine kashi na goma sha tara na farkon lokacin silsilar talabijin na almara na Amurka mai suna Star Trek: Kasuwancin da aka fara gabatar dashi a ranar 27 ga Maris, 2002, akan UPN. A episode aka ci gaba a cikin wani teleplay by Maria da kuma Andre Jacquemetton daga wani labarin ta Rick Berman, kuma Brannon Braga ta Portugal, kuma aka directed by James Whitmore, Jr .. Sa a 22nd karni, cikin jerin bi Kasadar na farko Starfleet starship, Shirin , rajista NX-01. A wannan episode, wani rukuni na interstellar dan hanya barayi buga fitar da ciniki ƙungiya da za a fara looting jirgin. Kwamanda Charles "Tafiya" Tucker III shi kaɗai ne ya rage ya dakatar da su.
Samu (Star Trek: ciniki): " Samun " shine kashi na goma sha tara na farkon lokacin silsilar talabijin na almara na Amurka mai suna Star Trek: Kasuwancin da aka fara gabatar dashi a ranar 27 ga Maris, 2002, akan UPN. A episode aka ci gaba a cikin wani teleplay by Maria da kuma Andre Jacquemetton daga wani labarin ta Rick Berman, kuma Brannon Braga ta Portugal, kuma aka directed by James Whitmore, Jr .. Sa a 22nd karni, cikin jerin bi Kasadar na farko Starfleet starship, Shirin , rajista NX-01. A wannan episode, wani rukuni na interstellar dan hanya barayi buga fitar da ciniki ƙungiya da za a fara looting jirgin. Kwamanda Charles "Tafiya" Tucker III shi kaɗai ne ya rage ya dakatar da su.
Samu (Star Trek: ciniki): " Samun " shine kashi na goma sha tara na farkon lokacin silsilar talabijin na almara na Amurka mai suna Star Trek: Kasuwancin da aka fara gabatar dashi a ranar 27 ga Maris, 2002, akan UPN. A episode aka ci gaba a cikin wani teleplay by Maria da kuma Andre Jacquemetton daga wani labarin ta Rick Berman, kuma Brannon Braga ta Portugal, kuma aka directed by James Whitmore, Jr .. Sa a 22nd karni, cikin jerin bi Kasadar na farko Starfleet starship, Shirin , rajista NX-01. A wannan episode, wani rukuni na interstellar dan hanya barayi buga fitar da ciniki ƙungiya da za a fara looting jirgin. Kwamanda Charles "Tafiya" Tucker III shi kaɗai ne ya rage ya dakatar da su.
Siyan Gwamnati a Amurka: Hanyoyin sayan gwamnati a Amurka suna bawa hukumomin tarayya, na jihohi da na kananan hukumomi a Amurka damar mallakar kayayyaki, aiyuka, da buƙatu a cikin kadarorin ƙasa.
Samu: Samun na iya koma zuwa: Takeover, siyan kamfanin ɗaya ta wani Haɗuwa da kayayyaki, ma'amaloli wanda ikon mallakar kamfanoni ko ƙungiyoyin ayyukansu an canza su ko ƙarfafa su tare da wasu abubuwan. Siyarwa, nema, yarda da sharuɗɗa da samo kayayyaki, sabis ko ayyuka daga asalin waje Sauraren karatu, sashen ɗakin karatu da ke da alhakin zaɓi da siyan kayan aiki Samun soja, hanyar neman samfuran kare ƙasa Samun banki, banki ko ma'aikatar kuɗi da ke aiwatar da biyan kuɗi ko katin kuɗi a madadin ɗan kasuwa Saye, tsari wanda Gwamnatin Tarayyar Amurka ke mallakar kayayyaki, sabis, da buƙatun ƙasa na ainihi Samun, ƙirƙirar faifan hoto don amfani dashi a cikin ilimin binciken dijital Samu (ilimin harshe), tsari ne wanda ɗan adam ke samun ƙarfin fahimta da fahimtar harshe Samu (ilimin halin dan Adam), ilmantarwa Matakan saye-saye, lokacin da amsa mai sharaɗi ya fara bayyana da kuma lokacin da ya ƙaruwa cikin mita Samun
Tsarin bincike na zamani: Tsarin binciken na dijital sanannen tsari ne na kimiya da bincike wanda aka yi amfani da shi a binciken bincike na zamani. Masanin binciken kimiyyar kimiyyar shari'a Eoghan Casey ya bayyana shi a matsayin matakai da yawa daga asalin abin da ya faru na faɗakarwa ta hanyar bayar da rahoto game da binciken. Ana amfani da wannan tsari sosai a cikin binciken kwastomomi da wayoyin hannu kuma ya ƙunshi matakai uku: saye , bincike da rahoto .
Samu harshe: Samun yare hanya ce da ɗan adam ke samun ƙarfin fahimta da fahimtar harshe, tare da samarwa da amfani da kalmomi da jimloli don sadarwa.
Samun soja: Samun soji shine tsarin gudanarwar gwamnati da tsarin siye da siyarwa da sanya hannun jari na kasa a cikin fasahohi, shirye-shirye, da tallafi na kayan masarufi wadanda suka wajaba don cimma dabarun tsaron kasa da tallafawa rundunonin ta. Manufarta ita ce ta samo samfuran da za su biya takamaiman buƙatu da kuma samar da ci gaba na gwargwado ga ƙwarewar manufa a farashi mai sauƙi da sauƙi.
Koyo: Ilmantarwa hanya ce ta samun sabon fahimta, ilimi, halaye, fasaha, dabi'u, halaye, da fifiko. Ikon koyo ya mallaki mutane, dabbobi, da wasu injuna; akwai kuma shaidar ga wasu nau'ikan ilmantarwa a cikin wasu tsirrai. Wasu ilmantarwa suna nan da nan, abu guda ne ya haifar da su, amma ƙwarewa da ilimi da yawa suna tarawa daga abubuwan da aka maimaita. Canje-canjen da ilmantarwa ke haifar sau da yawa suna rayuwa, kuma yana da wahala a rarrabe abubuwan da aka koya wadanda kamar "sun bata" ne da wadanda baza a iya dawo dasu ba
Quasar Samun Sojojin Amurka: Acungiyar Samun Sojoji ta Amurka (AAC) ita ce jami'in ƙungiyar Sojojin Samun Acasa ta Amurka (AAW). Theungiyar Samun isungiyoyin ta ƙunshi hafsoshin sojoji waɗanda ke aiki a cikin saye-saye, wani nau'i na musamman na ci gaban samfura, filin jirgi, da tallafi. Waɗannan hafsoshin sun fara ayyukansu a sauran rassa na sojoji tsawon shekaru takwas, bayan haka kuma za su iya zaɓar reshen Samun a matsayin aikinsu a matsayin mataimakan manajan shirye-shirye (APMs), manajan shirye-shirye (PMs), da manyan jami'ai na shirin (PEOs). Jami'an da ba a ba da izini ba (NCOs) an sake sanya su a cikin Rukunin Samun Sojoji bayan sun yi shekaru 7-10 a cikin ayyukansu na asali da kuma yin hidimar farko a filin Samun Sojoji. 4% na Jami'an Samun Sojoji suna aiki a tsakanin mambobi 40,000 na sojojin saye, Sojojin Samun Kwastomomi da Kayan Fasaha da Kwarewar Fasaha sun kunshi kaso 6% kuma ragowar kashi 90% sun kunshi yawancin Sojojin farar hula.
Qaddamarwar saye (ISPL): Qaddamarwar Samun shine tsari na farko a cikin Laburaren Samun Sabis na Bayanai (ISPL) kuma kungiyar abokan ciniki ce ke niyyar sayan Sabis ɗin Bayanai. Tsarin yana kunshe da manyan ayyuka guda biyu: yin ma'anar burin saye da yin shirin saye. Yayin ƙaddamarwar sayan, tsarin aiwatarwa yana tasowa wanda yawanci ana yin tambayoyi game da burin sayan. Dangane da waɗannan tambayoyin Laburaren yana ba da cikakkun bayanai game da buƙatun, yana rufe wurare kamar farashi, mai yiwuwa da kuma lokutan aiki. Misali na irin waɗannan buƙatun shine "tsara kayan saye", ɓangaren da zai iya haifar da ƙarin tambayoyi game da burin mallakar.
Samu Leken Asiri: Samun Leken Asiri shine fagen da ya haɗu da leken asirin soja, tsarin saye, da kayan aiki na yau da kullun don tabbatar da tallafawa tsarin makamai. Acq Intel ya samo asali ne a cikin Sojan Sama na Sojan Sama a Wright Patterson AFB kusan 2004, kuma ya balaga cikin lambar AmurkaF Squadron. Ana bayar dashi azaman shirin takardar shaidar kwaleji.
AI Global Media: AI Global Media Limited (AI) ɗan Burtaniya ne mai shirya lambobin yabo da yawa da kuma buga mujallu na kan layi. Ana gayyatar waɗanda suka lashe waɗannan kyaututtukan don siyan talla a cikin mujallu na kamfanin na kan layi, da sauran kayan talla kamar kofuna da tambura. An kafa kamfanin a cikin 2010 kuma yana da tushe a Staffordshire. Kamfanin yana ƙarƙashin ikon Blakenhall Media Limited tun 2016.
AI Global Media: AI Global Media Limited (AI) ɗan Burtaniya ne mai shirya lambobin yabo da yawa da kuma buga mujallu na kan layi. Ana gayyatar waɗanda suka lashe waɗannan kyaututtukan don siyan talla a cikin mujallu na kamfanin na kan layi, da sauran kayan talla kamar kofuna da tambura. An kafa kamfanin a cikin 2010 kuma yana da tushe a Staffordshire. Kamfanin yana ƙarƙashin ikon Blakenhall Media Limited tun 2016.
Tsarin Gudanarwar Samun: Tsarin Gudanar da Samun Samun ( AMS ) yana ba da manufa da jagora kan kula da sayan rayuwa ta hannun Hukumar Kula da Sufurin Jiragen Sama ta Amurka (FAA). Manufofin da aka bayyana kansu na AMS "sune don haɓaka ƙimar, rage lokaci, gudanar da haɗarin, da rage farashin isar da sahihan ayyuka masu aminci ga al'umman jirgin sama da kuma jama'a masu tashi." AMS tana aiki ne don abubuwan da FAA ta samo a maimakon Dokar Samun Tarayya (FAR) da wasu tanadi daban daban na dokar mallakar Tarayya.
Laburaren Samun Sabis na Bayanai: Laburaren Sabis na Ba da Bayanin Bayanai ( ISPL ) shine mafi kyawun ɗakunan karatu don gudanar da ayyukan mallakar Fasahar Sadarwa. Yana taimaka wa abokin ciniki da ƙungiyar mai samarwa don cimma nasarar da ake buƙata ta amfani da adadin lokaci da kuɗi ta hanyar dacewa ta hanyar samar da hanyoyi da mafi kyawun halaye don gudanar da haɗarin, gudanar da kwangila, da tsarawa. ISPL tana mai da hankali ne akan alaƙar da ke tsakanin abokin ciniki da ƙungiyar masu kawo kaya: Tana taimakawa wajen gina buƙata don shawarwari, tana taimakawa gina kwangila da shirin isarwa bisa ga yanayin aikin da haɗarinsa, kuma yana taimakawa sa ido kan lokacin isarwar. ISPL hanya ce ta Fasahar Sadarwa ta Musamman saboda inda mafi yawan sauran hanyoyin Fasahar Sadarwa da tsari suke mai da hankali kan ci gaba, ISPL tana mai da hankali ne kawai kan samin ayyukan aiyuka. Manufofin da aka nufa na ISPL sun hada da manajojin saye, manajoji na saye, manajojin shirye-shirye, manajan kwangila, manajan gine-gine, manajan matakin aiki, da manajan gudanarwa a yankin IT. Saboda mayar da hankalin ISPL akan siyan kaya ya dace sosai don amfani dashi tare da ITIL da PRINCE2.